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mouth-breathing-habit-in-children-pedo
This document discusses mouth breathing habit in children. [1] It defines mouth breathing as prolonged exposure of the anterior mouth tissues to inspired air. [2] Mouth breathing can be obstructive, anatomic, or habitual. Common causes include nasal obstruction from enlarged turbinates, deviated septum, allergies, or enlarged adenoids. [3] Clinical features include effects on facial form like a long narrow face, dental defects like retroclined incisors and crossbites, and speech defects like a nasal voice. Diagnosis involves history, clinical exam including lip competence and nasal size/shape, and tests like mirror test. Management focuses on eliminating causes, symptomatic treatment, and intercepting habits through
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Introduction to mouth breathing as a habit prevalent in children.
Definition of habit with an emphasis on oral habits, highlighting repetition and learned muscular patterns.
Collaboration among professionals (Pedodontist, Orthodontist, etc.) in addressing oral habits in children.
Further elaboration on the mouth breathing habit and its significance.
Mouth breathing is defined, highlighting its respiratory implications and effects on oral health.
Categorization of mouth breathing into obstructive, anatomic, and habitual types.
Etiology focusing on nasal obstructions, anatomical issues, genetic factors, and oral habits as causes.
General and dentofacial clinical features, speech defects, and gingival conditions associated with mouth breathing.
Diagnostic measures including history taking, clinical examinations, and specific tests.
Approaches to manage mouth breathing, including treatment of causes, symptomatic treatments, and use of orthodontic devices.
List of authoritative references utilized for the presentation on mouth breathing.
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- 1. Department of PaediatricDentistry MOUTH BREATHING HABIT IN CHILDREN
- 2. WHAT IS HABIT? Habitcan be defined as - Fixed or constant practice established by frequent repetition -DORLAND (1957) Frequent or constant practice or acquired tendency, which has been fixed by frequent repetition –BUTTERWORTH (1961) Oral habits are learned patterns of muscular contractions-MATHEWSON(1982)
- 3. Pedodontist Parents Orthodontist ORAL HABIT Speech Pathologist Pediatrician Psychologist
- 4.
- 5. DEFINITION Defined as a prolonged or continued exposure of the tissues of anterior areas of mouth to the drying effects of inspired air .(CHACKER,1961) Defined as habitual respiration through the mouth instead of the nose. (SASSOUNI, 1971)
- 6. CLASSIFICATION Obstructive Anatomic Habitual
- 7. ETIOLOGY 1.Nasal Obstruction due to – -Enlarged turbinates -Deviated nasal septum. -Allergic rhinitis -Nasal polyps -Enlarged adenoids -Chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa
- 8. 2.Abnormally short upperlip preventing proper lip seal 3.Obstruction in the bronchial tree or larynx 4.Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome 5. Genetically predisposed individuals -Ectomorphic children having a genetic type of tapering face & nasopharynx are prone for nasal obstruction 6. Thumb sucking or other oral habits can be the instigating agent
- 9. CLINICAL FEATURES General effects- -Pigeon chest -Low grade esophagitis -Blood gas constituents Effects on dentofacial structures- Facial form – - A large face height - Increased mandibular plane angle - Retrognathic mandible & maxilla
- 10. Adenoid facies –CharacterizedBy -Long narrow face -Narrow nose & nasal passage -Flaccid lips with upper lip being short -Dolicocephalic skeletal pattern -Nose is tipped superiorly in front -Expressionless face -V shaped maxillary arch & high palatal vault.
- 12. Dental defects : • Upper & lower incisors are retroclined. • Posterior cross bite • Anterior open bite • Narrow palatal & cranial width. • Flaring of incisors • Decrease in vertical overlap of anterior teeth.
- 13. Speech defects: - Nasal tone in voice Lips: - Short thick incompetent upper lip. - Voluminous curled over lower lip. - Gummy smile External Nares: - Slit like external nares with a narrow nose due to atrophy of lateral cartilage.
- 14. Gingiva:- • Inflammed & irritated gingival tissue in the anterior maxillary arch. • Classic rolled marginal gingiva and enlarged interdental papilla. • Inter proximal bone loss and presence of deep pockets. Other Effects:- • Otitis Media • Dull sense of smell and loss of taste
- 15. DIAGNOSIS 1. History 2. ClinicalExamination Look for lip competency Size and shape of external nares. 3. Clinical Tests - Mirror test - Butterfly test - Water test
- 16. n Rhinomanometry (inductive Plethysmography) n Cephalometrics
- 17. MANAGEMENT Elimination of the cause Symptomatic treatment Interception of the habit :- If the habit continues even after removal of obstruction, then it should be corrected. Correction can be done by: • Physical exercise • Lip exercises • Maxillothorax myotherapy • Oral screen
- 18. Oral Screen:- • Most effective way to reestablish nasal breathing is to prevent air from entering the oral cavity. • Oral screen should be constructed with a material compatible with the oral tissues. • Reduction in the anterior open bite is obtained after treatment for 3-6 months.
- 19. PRE ORTHODONTIC TRAINER It is used in mouth breathers, tongue thruster & thumb suckers.
- 20. • Construction ofthe membrane • Construction of the cast Correction of the malocclusion • Mechanical appliances a. Children with class I occlusion and anterior spacing – oral shield appliance. b. Class II div. I dentition without crowding- Monobloc Activator can be used. c. Class III malocclusion – chin cap can be used.
- 21. REFERENCES Textbook of Orthodontics: Gurkeerat Singh Textbook of Pedodontics : Shobha Tandon Orthodontics : The Art & Science - S.I. Bhalajhi