mruby/c and data-flow programming for small devices
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In my presentation, I will show how data-flow programming can be used for software development of small devices. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with a microcontroller implementation in mruby/c. In IoT programming, we want to focus on the flow of data generation and processing. This is data flow programming, also known as the Node-RED development environment. Data flow is processed asynchronously. I will explain how to implement this asynchronous processing in a reasonable manner using mruby/c and demonstrate its operation on a real microcontroller.
![mruby VM
ary = [2, 4.1, 0.5, 3]
ary.sort.each do |data|
puts data
end
00000000: 52 49 54 45 30 33 30 30 00 00 00 d6 4d 41 54 5a RITE0300....MATZ
00000010: 30 30 30 30 49 52 45 50 00 00 00 98 30 33 30 30 0000IREP....0300
00000020: 00 00 00 64 00 03 00 08 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 2f ...d.........../
00000030: 0b 01 51 04 00 01 05 01 09 06 40 05 52 04 2d 03 ..Q.......@.R.-.
00000040: 00 01 08 03 0a 04 07 05 09 06 48 02 03 04 01 03 ..........H.....
00000050: 02 2f 03 01 00 57 04 00 30 03 02 00 38 03 69 00 ./...W..0...8.i.
00000060: 01 00 00 08 61 20 2a 20 33 20 3d 20 00 00 03 00 ....a * 3 = ....
00000070: 04 70 75 74 73 00 00 04 73 6f 72 74 00 00 04 65 .puts...sort...e
00000080: 61 63 68 00 00 00 00 28 00 03 00 06 00 00 00 00 ach....(........
00000090: 00 00 00 0d 34 04 00 00 01 04 01 2d 03 00 01 38 ....4......-...8
000000a0: 03 00 00 00 01 00 04 70 75 74 73 00 4c 56 41 52 .......puts.LVAR
000000b0: 00 00 00 22 00 00 00 03 00 01 61 00 03 61 72 79 ..."......a..ary
000000c0: 00 04 64 61 74 61 00 00 00 01 00 02 ff ff 45 4e ..data........EN
000000d0: 44 00 00 00 00 08 D.....
Ruby source code
Compile
mruby bytecode
mruby VM
on target device
Execute
mruby compiler](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubykaigislide-250501034111-6a55c12c/85/mruby-c-and-data-flow-programming-for-small-devices-17-320.jpg)
![[
{
"id": "ef2b6bb33e489cef",
"type": "inject",
"z": "f6f2187d.f17ca8",
"name": "",
"props": [],
"repeat": "1",
"crontab": "",
"once": false,
"onceDelay": 0.1,
"topic": "",
"x": 130,
"y": 100,
"wires": [
[
"7438f9109319b2e9"
]
]
},
・・・・・
]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubykaigislide-250501034111-6a55c12c/85/mruby-c-and-data-flow-programming-for-small-devices-29-320.jpg)
![DEMO Program
Injection 1.0 [s]
Injection 2.5 [s]
Green LED
Red LED](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubykaigislide-250501034111-6a55c12c/85/mruby-c-and-data-flow-programming-for-small-devices-30-320.jpg)
![$queue = []
# main loop
while true do
# inject
injects.each_index do |idx|
inject_node injects[idx]
end
# process queue
msg = $queue.first
if msg then
$queue.delete_at 0
idx = find_target(nodes, msg)
if idx then
process_node nodes[idx], msg
else
puts "node not found: #{msg[:id]}"
end
end
# next
sleep LoopInterval
end
Pseudo code](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubykaigislide-250501034111-6a55c12c/85/mruby-c-and-data-flow-programming-for-small-devices-31-320.jpg)
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mruby/c and data-flow programming for small devices
- 1. mruby/c and data-flow programming for small devices Kazuaki Tanaka
- 3. About me • Kazuaki Tanaka • Kyushu Institute of Technology • Lectures: Data Structure, Image Processing • Research: Embedded Systems, IoT, Wireless communication
- 4. Activities • Ruby Association, mruby Forum, Ruby Business Council（Ruby協） • mruby, mruby/c committer
- 5. Research on Wireless Communication • LPWA (Low Power Wide Area network) – Ultra-narrow band communication – Protocol design, Firmware – Application, Pilot experiment – Low-cost network for local government
- 6. Disaster Prevention Land slides in Fukuoka 2020
- 7. Pilot experiment • Rain/Wind measurement – Flood alert, land slide alert
- 8. Topic today • Programming environment for small devices – Using mruby/c – For IoT applications
- 9. DEMO
- 10. DEMO • Blinking two LEDs • Talk about backside of this DEMO – What’s mruby/c ? – Data-flow programming – Integrating mruby/c and data-flow
- 11. mruby/c
- 12. Ruby for small devices • Programming language Ruby – Object oriented programming language • mruby, mruby/c – Apply Ruby features for embedded software – Small memory footprint
- 13. Concept of mruby • Reduce memory footprint in execution – mruby Compiler + mruby VM – Compile source code in PC – Execute compiled code in target device • Extensible libraries “mrbgems” – Easy to add new features to mruby
- 14. Ruby, mruby, mruby/c Ruby 1 MB～ 128KB～ 20KB～ Memory Language Target device
- 15. Targeting: Small devices • Low power, Low cost • Long-time operation • mruby/c provides, – Memory management, object reference counter – Power management – (Semi-) real-time operation
- 16. RBoard • mruby/c ready microcontroller board – PIC32MX170F256B SRAM 64KB Flash 256KB – I/O Digital In, Out ADC, PWM, UART, I2C You can order @ chip1stop 島根情報処理センター
- 17. mruby VM ary = [2, 4.1, 0.5, 3] ary.sort.each do |data| puts data end 00000000: 52 49 54 45 30 33 30 30 00 00 00 d6 4d 41 54 5a RITE0300....MATZ 00000010: 30 30 30 30 49 52 45 50 00 00 00 98 30 33 30 30 0000IREP....0300 00000020: 00 00 00 64 00 03 00 08 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 2f ...d.........../ 00000030: 0b 01 51 04 00 01 05 01 09 06 40 05 52 04 2d 03 [email protected]. 00000040: 00 01 08 03 0a 04 07 05 09 06 48 02 03 04 01 03 ..........H..... 00000050: 02 2f 03 01 00 57 04 00 30 03 02 00 38 03 69 00 ./...W..0...8.i. 00000060: 01 00 00 08 61 20 2a 20 33 20 3d 20 00 00 03 00 ....a * 3 = .... 00000070: 04 70 75 74 73 00 00 04 73 6f 72 74 00 00 04 65 .puts...sort...e 00000080: 61 63 68 00 00 00 00 28 00 03 00 06 00 00 00 00 ach....(........ 00000090: 00 00 00 0d 34 04 00 00 01 04 01 2d 03 00 01 38 ....4......-...8 000000a0: 03 00 00 00 01 00 04 70 75 74 73 00 4c 56 41 52 .......puts.LVAR 000000b0: 00 00 00 22 00 00 00 03 00 01 61 00 03 61 72 79 ..."......a..ary 000000c0: 00 04 64 61 74 61 00 00 00 01 00 02 ff ff 45 4e ..data........EN 000000d0: 44 00 00 00 00 08 D..... Ruby source code Compile mruby bytecode mruby VM on target device Execute mruby compiler
- 18. Inside RBoard microcontroller RBoard Hardware HAL: Hardware Abstraction Layer mruby/c VM Application Bytecode Transfer from PC Firmware
- 19. mruby/c on github • VM • HAL – ESP32 – PIC24 – POSIX – PSoC5LP – RP2040 (Raspberry Pi Pico) – STM32 https://github.com/mrubyc/mrubyc
- 21. Visual Programming Block Programming Data-flow Programming
- 22. Block Programming Smalruby • Education • Entry to procedural programming loop do puts( "mruby" ) sleep(1) end
- 25. Inject and Process QUEUE Inject: Create a packet, store into Queue Process: Retrieve a packet from Queue, process, store into Queue Packet = { destination node, payload }
- 26. Integrating mruby/c and data-flow
- 27. How to ?
- 28. nodered2mruby • Input= Data-flow description – Node-RED JSON • Output= mruby/c – Bytecode (or mruby source)
- 29. [ { "id": "ef2b6bb33e489cef", "type": "inject", "z": "f6f2187d.f17ca8", "name": "", "props": [], "repeat": "1", "crontab": "", "once": false, "onceDelay": 0.1, "topic": "", "x": 130, "y": 100, "wires": [ [ "7438f9109319b2e9" ] ] }, ・・・・・ ]
- 30. DEMO Program Injection 1.0 [s] Injection 2.5 [s] Green LED Red LED
- 31. $queue = [] # main loop while true do # inject injects.each_index do |idx| inject_node injects[idx] end # process queue msg = $queue.first if msg then $queue.delete_at 0 idx = find_target(nodes, msg) if idx then process_node nodes[idx], msg else puts "node not found: #{msg[:id]}" end end # next sleep LoopInterval end Pseudo code
- 32. Conclusion • This work is continuing, • Future work (or just idea) – Dispatching performance – Distributed system, IoT – Deploying
- 33. Acknowledgements • murby/c developers • itoc 「しまねソフト研究開発センター」 • Kyutech students • National Institute of Technology Matsue College students
- 34. References • https://github.com/mrubyc/ • https://github.com/nodered-mrubyc/ • K. Tanaka, S. Ogura and R. Krishnamoorthy, "Hybrid IoT Programming with Data Flow Diagrams and mruby," 2024 IEEE Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC), Boracay Island, Philippines, 2024, pp. 78- 82, doi: 10.1109/DASC64200.2024.00017.