Msc agronomy final year 2024 agro THESIS_PPT.pptx

PRESENTATION
On
Submitted By:
PANKIL KAMBOJ
M.Sc. Agronomy
Roll No. - 21204352017
Enrollment No. - G212040174
“Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and zinc on growth and yield of Green gram
(Vigna radiata L.)”
Supervisor
DR. RAKESH SINGH
Assistant Professor
Department of
Agriculture
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE
(SAS)
BABA FARID INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DEHRADUN
(AFFILIATED TO HEMWATI NANDAN BAHUGUNA GARHWAL UNIVERSITY, SRINAGAR)

India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world. In India pulses
occupy an area of about 24.78 million hectare with annual production of 17.21 million
tones (Directorate of Economics and Statistics Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation-2012). Consumption of pulses is highest in India where majority of the
population is vegetarian. Pulses contain a high percentage of quality protein nearly three
times as much as cereals. (Upadhyay et al. 1999). Pulses contain high amount of protein
(18-32%), fat (1-5%), and macro and micro nutrients (Ca, P, K, Fe, Zn). Pulses are rich in
calcium as compared to cereals and contain about 100-200 mg of calcium per 100g seeds.
They are also rich in vitamin (iron, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin, vitamin A, ascorbic
acid, inositol), fibre and carbohydrates for balance nutrition. Pulses are the good source of
crude fibre, protein and lipid components have shown hypocholestrolemic effect, which
ability to reduce cholesterol in blood. Pulses are also an excellent feed and fodder for
livestock. Endowed with the unique ability of biological nitrogen fixation, carbon
sequestration, soil amelioration, low water requirement and capacity to withstand harsh
climate, pulses have remained an integral component of sustainable crop production
system.
INTRODUCTION

Among pulses mungbean (vigna radiata L.) is one of the most important pulse
crop of India ranks third after chickpea and pigeon pea (Sathymoorthi et al., 2008). After the
harvest of wheat and before the transplanting of rice, the land remains fallow for 65-70 days
(late March/April to early July). This period could be used to raise a catch crop of summer
mungbean to accomplish resources efficiency, resource maximization productivity,
profitability and prosperity to the farmers besides sustaining soil health (Anbumani et al.,
2003). A low input, short duration, high value crop, mungbean fits very well into rice-wheat
cropping systems and other crop rotations. Mungbean fixes nitrogen in the soil, requires less
irrigation than many field crops to produce a good yield, and helps maintain soil fertility and
texture (Ather Nadeem et al., 2004). Adding mungbean to the cereal cropping system hasthe
potential to increase farm income, improve human health and soil productivity, save
irrigation water, and promote long-term sustainability of agriculture.

This chapter deals with the details of materials used during the course of investigation and
methods adopted in conducting the present investigation entitled, “Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and zinc on
growth and yield of Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)”
Details Of Experimental Site:
The propose experiment was conducted during Summer season in the year 2022-2023 at Crop
Research
Farm of Baba Farid Institute of Technology, Dehradun.
Geographical Location:
Dehradun is located between 30.3436 latitude 77.9367 longitude. The doon valley is unusually wide
long valley within the Shivalik hills and the lesser Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand ,
Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

Climatic Condition:
The average temperature ranges from 5°C to 20°C (41°F to 68°F) and The average maximum
temperature during the month of May – June varies between 16 to 36 °C, while the average minimum
temperature varies between 23 to 5.2 °C during Dec-Jan. The average annual rainfall of this region is
about 2073.3 mm which is mostly received between June to September.
Soil Characteristics:
The soils of the region is populary known as “fertile alluvial” soil that has sandy,clay and rocky
elements. Soil of Doon Valley comprised soil texture (sand 42.91 %, silt 33.02 and clay 41.85 %),
soil moisture (49.53%), water holding capacity (51.99%), bulk density (1.29 g cm-3), porosity (53.10
%) and particle density (2.44 gcm-3).
Selected Crop Variety For The Study:
The Green gram variety (MH-421) will be selected for the experimental study. The crop duration is
60 days.

Treatments combinations:
S.No Treatments details Treatments
1. Control T0
2. Phosphorus 25 kg ha-1
T1
3. Phosphorus 25+ Sulphur 25 kg ha-1
T2
4. Phosphorus 25+ Zinc 3 kg ha-1
T3
5. Phosphorus 25+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg ha-1
T4
6. Phosphorus 50 kg ha-1
T5
7. Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 kg ha-1
T6
8. Phosphorus 50+ Zinc 3 kg ha-1
T7
9. Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg ha-1
T8
10 Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 1.5 kg ha-1
T9

Details of Layout
Design : Randomized Block Design (RBD)
Total number of treatments : 10
Total number of replications : 3
Total number of plots : 30
Size of each plot : 3×3 = 9m2
Width of main irrigation channel : 1.0 m
Width of sub irrigation channel : 0.5 m
Width of bunds : 0.3 m
Total length of experimental field : 34 m
Total width of experimental field : 11.8 m
Gross cultivated area : 401.2m2
Net cultivated area : 270 m2

Size of each plot : 3×3 = 9m2
Gross cultivated area : 401.2m2
Net cultivated area : 270 m2

Pre- sowing operations
Land Preparation
In order to facilitate sowing, the experimental field was thoroughly ploughed and followed by
harrowing and brought to fine tilth. Stubbles and weeds were picked up from the field and the land was
levelled with the help of rake and the plots were demarcated according to layout.
Seed rate and Sowing
Seeds were sown in line manually on 04/04/2023 at a depth of 4-5 cm in furrows with seed rate of 12-16
kg/ha. Seeds are covered with soil immediately after sowing the seeds. The spacing of crop between row-
row 30 cm and plant to plant was 10 cm according to the treatment details,

POST SOWING OPERATIONS
Thinning & Gap filling:
Gap filling was done at 5-7 DAS whereas thinning was done at 10 DAS to maintain the plant population
according to treatment in order to attain recommended plant population for proper growth and yield of
crop.
Weed management
One hand weeding was done manually with the help of Khurpi at 20 DAS and second weeding was done
at 40 DAS to minimize the crop weed competition.
Irrigation
All necessary irrigations were occurred through rains due to heavy rainfall.
Plant protection
In the initial stages of crop growth, the crop was attacked by green caterpillar; Monocrotophos 36% SL
@ 1 ml/lit for white fly to control of yellow mosaic virus was taken up to 45 DAS.

Post – harvest operations:
Harvesting &Threshing:
Picking was done only when pods were found turning blackish brown or black in colour. So the three
pickings were done at 60 DAS. The pods were dried well and then beating was done by means of
wooden log to remove all seeds from the pods. Which are then collected for further calculations.

The findings of the present experiment entitled, “Effect of Phosphorus, sulphur and zinc on
growth and yield of Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)”, carried out during the kharif season of 2022-23 at
the, Research and experimental field of BFIT Group Of Institution, Dehradun are being presented and
discussed in the following chapter under appropriate headings. Data on pre-harvest and post-harvest
observations were analysed and discussion to support the experiment findings in the light of scientific
reason has been stated. The findings have been classified into the following sub-headings.
I. Pre-harvest observations
1. Plant height (cm)
2. Number of branches per plant.
3. Number of nodules per plant.
4. Plant dry weight (g)
5. Crop growth rate (g/m2/day)
6. Relative growth rate (g/g/day)
RESULTS

II. Post-harvest observations
1. Pods/plant (No.)
2. Seeds/pod (No.)
3. Test weight (g)
4. Grain yield (kg/ha)
5. Stover yield (kg/ha)
6. Biological yield (kg/ha)
7. Harvest index (%)
III. Economic analysis
1. Cost of cultivation ( `/ha)
2. Gross return (`/ha)
3. Net return (`/ha)
4. Benefit cost ratio (B:C

Effect of Phosphorus, sulphur and zinc on plant height (cm) of
Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)
At 15 DAS, there was significant difference between the treatments and maximum plant height
(13.54) was observed the applications of T8 Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg ha-
1whereas the lowest value (8.52) was observed in treatment T0 Control.
At 30 DAS, there was significant difference between the treatments and maximum plant height
(23.44) was observed the applications of T8 Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg ha-
1whereas the lowest value (16.30) was observed in treatment T0 Control.
At 45 DAS, there was non-significant difference between the treatments and maximum plant
height (42.18) was observed the applications of T8Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg
ha-1 whereas the lowest value (31.30) was observed in treatment T0 Control.
At 60 DAS, there was non-significant difference between the treatments and maximum plant
height (51.67) was observed the applications of T8Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg
ha-1whereas the lowest value (39.71) was observed in treatment T0Control.

Effect of Phosphorus, sulphur and zinc on Dry weight (g) plant-1
of Green gram (Vigna radiata L.)
At 15 DAS, there was significant difference between the treatments and maximum Dry weight (g) plant-1
(0.49) was observed the applications of T8 Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg ha-1whereas the
lowest value (0.24) was observed in treatmentT0 Control
(2.15) was observed the applications of T8Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg ha-1whereas the
lowest value (1.09) was observed in treatment T0 Control.
(9.73) was observed the applications of T8Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg ha-1whereas the
(16.32) was observed the applications of T8 Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg ha-1whereas the

Effect of Phosphorus, sulphur and zinc on Crop growth rate (CGR) (g/m2/day) of Green gram
(Vigna radiata L.)
At 0-15 DAS, there was significant difference between the treatments and maximum Crop growth rate
(CGR) (g/m2/day) (1.08) was observed the applications of T8Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc
3 kg ha-1whereas the lowest value (0.54) was observed in treatment T0 Control
At 15-30 DAS, there was significant difference between the treatments and maximum Crop growth
rate (CGR) (g/m2/day) (3.83) was observed the applications of T8Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 +
Zinc 3 kg ha-1whereas the lowest value (1.87) was observed in treatment T0 Control.
rate (CGR) (g/m2/day) (16.83) was observed the applications of T8Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25
+ Zinc 3 kg ha-1whereas the lowest value (15.15) was observed in treatment T0 Control.
rate (CGR) (g/m2/day) (13.03) was observed the applications of T8Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25
+ Zinc 3 kg ha-1whereas the lowest value (7.70) was observed in treatment T0 Control.

Effect of Phosphorus, sulphur and zincon No. of pods plant-1
of Greengram
(Vigna radiata L.)
Observations regarding the response of different levels of Phosphorus, sulphur and
zincon yield and yield attributes of green gram are given in table 4.7 and fig. 4.7. The
observation showed that at yield and yield attributes there was significant difference
between treatments. The results revealed that there was significant difference between the
treatments and maximum No. of pods plant-1
(23.40 plant-1
) was observed by the
application of T8 Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg ha-1 whereas the lowest value
No. of pods plant-1
(16.52) was observed in treatment T0 Control.

Effect of Phosphorus, sulphur and zinc on Grain yield(t ha-1
) of Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)
The results revealed that there was significant difference between the treatments and
maximum Grain yield (t ha-1
) (2.74) was observed by the application of T8Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25
+ Zinc 3 kg ha-1whereas the lowest value Grain yield (t ha-1
) (1.30) was observed in treatment T0
Control.

CONCLUSION
On the basis of one year experimentation it is concluded that growth, yield indices of summer
Greengram increased with increasing levels of phosphorus, sulphur and zinc and recorded higher value
at T8 Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg ha-1.
So, application of T8 Phosphorus 50+ Sulphur 25 + Zinc 3 kg ha-1 was found more productive
(2.74 t ha-1
).
Since the data is based on one year of study, further trial may be conducted to confirm the above
findings.

Msc agronomy final year 2024 agro THESIS_PPT.pptx

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