music and learning

music and learning

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  Music and Learning:Integrating Music in the Classroom Prof. Mtra. Graciela Bilat / Lenguas Extranjeras IINN / Reading 2 by Chris Boyd Brewer The following article is reprinted from the book Music and Learning by Chris Brewer, 1995. This book includes chapters on each method of integrating music in the curriculum. Music suggestions are included. RESONATING WITH OUR LEARNING "Music is the electrical soil in which the spirit lives, thinks and invents." --Ludwig van Beethoven We all know how greatly music affects our feelings and energy levels. Without even thinking about it, we use music to create desired moods-- to make us happy, to enjoy movement and dance, to energize, to bring back powerful memories, to help us relax and focus. Music is a powerful tool for our personal expression within our daily lives-- it helps "set the scene" for many important experiences. Throughout time, people have recognized and intentionally used the powerful effects of sound. In the 20th century the western scientific community has conducted research to validate and expand our analytical knowledge of music. This research supports what we know from personal experience: Music greatly affects and enhances our learning and living. Research continues to be conducted to provide helpful guidelines for our intentional use of music, especially in the classroom. This article, based on extensive research and experiences, will provide you with successful and valuable guidelines for incorporating music into the teaching and learning environment-- applicable to all ages and educational settings. BRINGING EDUCATION TO LIFE WITH MUSIC How is it that for most people music is a powerful part of their personal life and yet when we go to work or school we turn it off? The intentional use of music in the classroom will set the scene and learning atmosphere to enhance our teaching and learning activities. Plus, using music for learning makes the process much more fun and interesting. Music, one of the joys of life, can be one of the joys of learning as well. WHAT ARE SPECIFIC WAYS MUSIC CAN BE USED IN THE CLASSROOM? Here are three areas of teaching where integrating music can be highly effective. For each intent, there is a rich repertoire of classroom techniques that can be used simply and easily by anyone-a brief example is given in each. These techniques work for people of all ages and from many societies. The very young, teens and adults will experience an increase in their effectiveness and joy of learning from these uses of music.  LEARNING INFORMATION Music can be used to help us remember learning experiences and information. In Active Learning
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  Experiences music createsa soundtrack for a learning activity. The soundtrack increases interest and activates the information mentally, physically, or emotionally. Music can also create a highly focused learning state in which vocabulary and reading material is absorbed at a great rate. When information is put to rhythm and rhyme these musical elements will provide a hook for recall. Here are three ways we can use music to help us learn information: Prof. Mtra. Graciela Bilat / Lenguas Extranjeras IINN / Reading 2 o Active Learning Experiences Music will activate students mentally, physically, and emotionally and create learning states which enhance understanding of learning material. For example, play music with an association for your topic in the background while reading a concise summary of the important information. The more interesting and dramatic, the more easily the information is remembered. o Focus and Alpha State Learning Music stabilizes mental, physical and emotional rhythms to attain a state of deep concentration and focus in which large amounts of content information can be processed and learned. Baroque music, such as that composed by Bach, Handel or Telemann, that is 50 to 80 beats per minute creates an atmosphere of focus that leads students into deep concentration in the alpha brain wave state. Learning vocabulary, memorizing facts or reading to this music is highly effective. On the other hand, energizing Mozart music assists in holding attention during sleepy times of day and helps students stay alert while reading or working on projects. o Memorization Songs, chants, poems, and raps will improve memory of content facts and details through rhyme, rhythm, and melody. Teaching these to students or having them write their own is a terrific memory tool! PERSONAL EXPRESSION Music is the doorway to the inner realms and the use of music during creative and reflective times facilitates personal expression in writing, art, movement, and a multitude of projects. Creation of musical compositions offers a pathway to expressing personal feelings and beliefs in the language of musical sound. Here are two ways music can help us express ourselves: o Creativity and Reflection Background music is used to stimulate internal processing, to facilitate creativity, and encourage personal reflection. Playing reflective music, such as solo piano in either classical or contemporary styles, as students are writing or journalling holds attention for longer periods of time than without the music. In one study, students wrote twice as much with music than without!  o Personal Expression through the Musical Intelligence The creation of music expresses inner thoughts and feelings and develops the musical intelligence through understanding of rhythm, pitch, and form. Writing songs related to content allows students to express how they feel about issues brought up in historic incidents, social studies topics or literature. Students can also create an instrumental "soundtrack" with simple rhythm instruments that auditorily portrays a particularly important scientific discovery, a poignant historical event, or the action within a novel. THE MUSICAL ECHO As you begin to resonate with your new musical classroom experiences, you may find transformations occurring in other aspects of your life. Your students may share with you wonderful experiences occurring in their lives because of doorways which were opened through the inclusion of music in the learning process.
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  Prof. Mtra. GracielaBilat / Lenguas Extranjeras IINN / Reading 2 LEARNING THEORY AND MUSIC Educational theorists have long sought answers to the question of how we can best teach students to learn well. Models for teaching have evolved and will no doubt continue to be developed. Some of today's' leading learning technologies embrace the use of music to assist in learning. Nearly all methods can be enhanced through the use of music. The guidelines provided in this book can help teachers and trainers learn how to use music no matter what learning methods are being used. Special note is given here to three successful learning models in which the use of music is particularly relevant. ACCELERATED LEARNING In the 1960's, Dr. Georgi Lozanov and Evelyna Gateva researched ways to increase memory abilities including the use of music in the classroom. Their successes caught the attention of the world. Teaching techniques developed from their creative experiments and today we have a solid format for effective multisensory and whole brain learning called Accelerated Learning. This book does not describe the full philosophy or method designed by Lozanov. It will, however, draw upon the knowledge of music in Lozanov's method to share successful ways of using music for learning. The use of background music during lectures, vocabulary decoding, or group readings is a cornerstone of Accelerated Learning techniques. Two methods for using music, designed to create very different but equally effective learning environments, were developed through Lozanov's methods. They are called concerts. The Active Concert activates the learning process mentally, physically and/or emotionally while the Passive Concert is geared to place the student in a relaxed alpha brain wave state and stabilize the student's mental, physical and emotional rhythms to increase information absorption. Both teaching methods result in high memory retention. Used together the two concerts provide a powerful learning experience. Music Bibliography and Suggested Reading Abramson, Robert M. Rhythm Games Book I. New York: Music and Movement Press, 1973. Andersen, Ole, Marcy Marsh and Dr. Arthur Harvey. Learn with the Classics: Using Music to Study Smart at Any Age. LIND Institute, San Francisco, California: 1999. Bamberger, Jeanne. The Mind Behind the Musical Ear: How Children Develop Musical Intelligence. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1991. Berard, Guy, M.D. Hearing Equals Behavior. New Canaan, Connecticut: Keats Publishing, 1993. Bjorkvold, Jon-Roar. The Muse Within: Creativity and Communication, Song and Play from Childhood through Maturity. New York: HarperCollins, 1989. Brewer, Chris. Music and Learning: Seven Ways to Use Music in the Classroom. Tequesta, Florida: LifeSounds, 1995 Campbell, Don G. Introduction to the Musical Brain, 2nd edition. St. Louis, Missouri: MMB Music Inc., 1983. LifeSounds Educational Services Chris Brewer, MA, FAMI 1239 Kenoyer Drive Bellingham, WA 98226 www.MusicAndLearning.com Copyright Chris Brewer, 1995
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  Prof. Mtra. GracielaBilat / Lenguas Extranjeras IINN / Reading 2 SKIMMING AND SCANNING 1. Read the text and: Circle the name of the author/s Highlight the name of the books mentioned /and years/ Underline quote/s and its authors 2. In which areas of teaching can music be effective? 3. Write some classroom techniques mentioned as examples. 4. Please explain the concept of “Accelerated learning” and write some examples mentioned in the text. 5. Could you find any similarities with Reading number 1? Please give reasons 6. What do you think is the purpose of the text?