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Music of the Mangyan Mindoro.pptx
- 2. • Geography: Mindoro, Mt. Halcon •Kaingin Socio historical Context Concept Map
- 3. •LOCATION Occidental Mindoro isthe western part of the island of Mindoro,south of Batangas. It is bounded on the north by the Calavite Passage,on the east by Oriental Mindoro, on the west by ApoEast Pass, and onthe south by the Mindoro Strait. •THE LAND Occidental Mindoro consists of high rolling mountains in the east. To the west are coastal plains where the towns are situated. Numerousrivers flow from these mountain ranges: Pagbahan and amburao-Matamayor in the north, Mompong and Amnay in the center, and Caguray and Busuanga in the south. The climate is dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. The province lies in the path of destructive typhoons.
- 4. Socio-historical ContextCultural Context –Oriental Mindoro North Mangyan group (Iraya, Tadyawan, Alangan)and South Mangyan group (Batangan,Buhid,Hanunoo)
- 5. Brief History ofMindoro • Mindoro, formerly called Mait, was known to Chinese traders even before the coming of the Spanish. • In 15 70, the Spanish began to explore the island and named it "Mina de Oro" (mineof gold) after finding some of the precious metal, though no major gold discoveries were ever made. • Missionaries became active around Ilin Island off the southern tip, Lubang Island off the northern tip, and Mamburao.
- 6. •Moro raids laterforced them to abandon these places. In 1754, the Muslims established strongholds in Mamburao and Balete (near Sablayan). From there, they launched raids against nearby settlements. An expedition sent by Governor Simon de Anda put an end to these raids. • In the early years, Mindoro was administered as part of Bonbon, now Batangas.
- 7. •Early in the17th century, the island was separated from Bonbon and organized into a corregimiento. • In 1902 the island of Lubang, which was formerly a part of Cavite, was annexed to Mindoro. In the same year Mindoro and Lubang were annexed to Marinduque when the latter became a regular province. • Mindoro became a regular province in 1921. On June 13, 1950, under Republic Act No. 505, Mindoro was divided into two provinces, Occidental Mindoro and Oriental Mindoro.
- 8. THE PEOPLE • Theplains of Occidental Mindoro are inhabited by the Tagalogs and the remote forested interior by the Mangyans. • Extensive tribal settlements of Mangyans in the province belong to such sub-groups as the Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan, Buhid, Hanunuo, and Bangon. The Mangyans are simple people. They were once coastal dwellers driven into the mountains to avoid religious conversion by the Spaniards, raids by Moro pirates, and the influx of recent migrants. They now lead a semi- nomadic existence.
- 9. •Men wear aloincloth of pounded bark while the women have a coil of woven nito, a sturdy blackvine, and rattan around their hips. •Mangyans practice animism and are superstitious.
- 10. • • Marginalization ofculture • Cultural preservation • Geography: Mindoro, Mt. Halcon • Kaingin Socio historical Context Issues
- 11. •The Philippines isan archipelago of 7,107islands with a population of 84 million speaking over 120 languages. • Out of the 110 indigenous people (IP) groups in the country today, only four still use their original scripts. Other ethno-linguistic groups now write in the Roman alphabet of the colonizers. • Hanunuo Mangyan script is very much alive and being taught in Hanunuo Mangyan schools
- 12. Their Distinctive heritage •Mangyans, with eight different languages and cultural traditions, possess a rich and distinctive cultural and literary heritage. One manifestation is the various traditional musical instruments used during festivities, special occasions and for courting: guitar, violin, flute, gong, and jew’s-harp. • With a pointed knife, Hanunuo Mangyans inscribe notes and poems on bamboo trees in the forests or on bamboo slats. These ambahans— written or recited in poetic language—allegorically express situations or characteristics.
- 13. •The Hanunuo andBuhid Mangyans weave and embroider their own traditional attire. • The Iraya and Alangan Mangyans skillfully weave nito and rattan into elaborate baskets. The other groups also produce baskets, bags, hats, hammocks and other crafts made of forest vines, and all the eight tribes practice beadwork.
- 14. • Unfortunately theydo not have security of land tenure. Their unrecognized traditional right over their ancestral domain is evident in the continuous influx of so-called government development projects. Private business interests have also harassed them: mining, tourism, hydro- power, and even reforestation. Illegal titling of lands by non-Mangyans also continues. • The implementation of these projects often undermines their culture and traditional right to protect, manage and utilize the resources in their ancestral domain. More important, the Mangyans have lost their land to these projects.
- 15. •The Mangyans’ subsistence-levellivelihood is based on swidden cultivation: planting upland rice, sweet potatoes, corn, beans, bananas, cassava, yams and other root crops. Mangyan education • There are few public elementary schools, no public high school, and no functional health center. Public elementary schools in Mangyan communities usually do not offer all the elementary grade levels. • Classes are multi-grade. Teachers do not report regularly. There are few or no books at all for students. • Students walk for hours and make numerous river crossings to go to school, which can be dangerous for young children.
- 16. • Before thelast decade, no Mangyan was elected to a municipal or higher position, further limiting the indigenous people’s opportunities to be heard and to participate in decision-making. There are also very few Mangyan government employees. • Discrimination by lowlanders hinders Mangyans from attaining the development level they deserve. Lowlanders often buy their products at very low prices. Often the Mangyans are exploited.
- 17. • The Mangyansituation illustrates the complexity of heritage conservation. To preserve the endangered traditional script, language, literature, crafts and lifestyle, there is need to improve their education, livelihood and governance. • However, any government or NGO assistance given to the Mangyans must not be done in an insensitive manner. Any kind of help must be granted with vision—in the framework of true understanding of the Mangyan culture, ensuring its preservation, but also giving the people the benefits of the 21st century.
- 18. • • Marginalization ofculture • Cultural preservation • Types (Vocal, instrumental) • Geography: Mindoro, Mt. Halcon • Kaingin Socio historical Context Musical Forms Issues
- 19. Vocal music • Igway(song) • Marayaw (spirit song) • Pamuybuyen (legend) - it means fear of water
- 20. Instrumental Music • Flute(Bangsi),- is an external duct flute, which has a chip glued on to the tube of the flute • Jaw’s Harp (Subing),- is a bamboo jaw harp • Lute (Gitgit),- a three-string indigenous violin with human hair forstrings. • Gongs (Agong),- a metal shaped like a pail with a circle in the middle • Sticks (Kalutang)- This is percussion sticks played in pairs to produce harmonies on seconds, thirds, and fourths.
- 21. • Functions ofculture (Work, Leisure, • Cultural Worship, preservation Ritual) • • Marginalization of culture • Cultural preservation • Types (Vocal, instrumental) • Geography: Mindoro, Mt. Halcon • Kaingin Socio historical Context Musical Forms Musical Context Issues
- 22. •Marayaw is agenre of Iraya-Mangyan songs used to communicate with spirits in rituals for healing the sick or protecting the community. • Musical Context Music for the Hanunoo is part of celebrating ordinary and festive occasions. Accompanying themselves on these instruments as they recite their love poems, the Hanunoo Mangyan pay court to the women. During the wedding rituals, songs are sung, musical instruments are played, food is eaten, and wine is drunk. The songs of the Mangyan are lullabies, recollections of war exploits in the distant past, lamentations,lovelyrics, and stories based on persona.
- 23. Hanunuo-Mangyan English Filipino Mysweetheart, my love so dear, when I left, in coming here, coming from my house and yard;z all the rice that I have stored, I have left it there behind, because I hope here to find one more valued than my rice! One to be my partner nice to the water, to the field, a companion on my trips, and one who will share my sleep! O liyag, aking hirang Kanina nang lumisan Galing sa 'king dingdingan Palay na inanihan Akin lang iniwanan Hinangad kong katuwang Di basta palay lamang Sa lakad sa ilog man Maging sa kaparangan Kaakbay ko saan man Kaabay sa higaan!
- 24. Hanunuo- Mangyan English Filipino Says thelobster in the creek: Even if you place a dam, I will jump it high and neat! Sabi ng hipong sapa: Kahit mo man bakuran May lusot, paraan pa! The character of the youngster is fixed now. Even if there are traits the parents do not like, these traits can no longer be changed. Wherever he is, the young adult will behave in his accustomed manner and will not change his attitudes because of others.
- 25. Hanunuo-Mangyan English Filipino Look!The moon so full and bright, shining in front of the house! How can you explain to me, that the rays are soft and cool? If a man like us he were, I would hold him by the hand! Seize the hair to keep him back! Grasp the clothes to make him stay! But how could I manage that! It is the moon in the sky! The full moon shining so bright, going down beyond the hills, disappearing from the plain, out of sight behind the rocks. Kay liwanag ng buwan Sa balkunahe'y sinag Paano naging ganyak Luningning ay busilak Kung tao s'yang katulad Pipigilan kong tiyak Sa buhok, siya'y hawak Siguro sa damit man Pa'no mapipigilan May buwang nakasinag Bituing kumikislap May bundok kinublihan May hinamugang patag May tuktok na pinugad. The visitor will be home again, but the memory of his good friends will remain forever.