My presentation on fuel cell drive train

FUEL CELL DRIVETRAIN

KULDEEP LAWANIYAN
482/09
54

Was doing electrolysis
William Robert Grove
And in a way discovered fuel cell as reverse of it

Introduction
 What is a fuel cell ?
 How it works ?
 What are the functions of it ?
 How it can be used for driving vehicle ?
 What are the basic components of a FCV ?
 What are advantages of using it over
conventional IC engines ?

Fuel cell
 Make use of Electrochemical process
Hydrogen + oxygen water + electricity+ heat

Storage tank Air

Provide energy for systems as large as a
utility power station and as small as a laptop

Working of fuel cell
• Proton exchange membrane.
H2 2H+ + 2e- (at anode)
2H+ + ½ O2 H2O + Heat (at cathode)

[ Source: Fuel Cell Handbook (Fifth edition) ]

Fuel cell system
•Fuel cell stack
• Fuel processors
• Current invertors and conditioners
• Heat recovery system

Types of fuel cell
 Polymer electrolyte membrane
 Direct methanol fuel cell
 Phosphoric acid fuel cell
 Alkaline fuel cell
 Molten acid fuel cell
 Solid oxide fuel cell

[ Source: Fuel Cell Handbook (Fifth edition)

Table showing different types of
fuel cell

Fuel cell vehicle
 FCVs are the vehicle which run on the
hydrogen rather than gasoline
 Emits no harmful gases
 It uses PEM fuel cell

[Source: www.futurecars.com ]

Concept of fuel cell vehicle
 Cells are grouped into
stack.
 A hydrogen fuel cell
automobile would have at
least 45 cells in a stack.
 Hydrogen is stored and
injected in either liquid or
gas form.
 Output is only water or
vapor

[ Source: Automotive fuel cell corporation ]

Working of fuel cell vehicle
•Hydrogen fuel and oxygen from air are channeled
through field flow plates on opposite sides of fuel cell.
•At anode hydrogen splits into hydrogen ion (positive
ion) and into electron (negative ion).
•Electrons travel through an external circuit creating
electric current.
•At cathode water is formed.
•This electrical energy is converted into mechanical
energy with the help of electric motors.

Components of fuel cell FCV

[ Source: “ABCs of Automotive Fuel cells” Ron Sims

Hydrogen storage tank
 Carbon fiber composite tank
 Plastic liner
 Aluminum polar bosses
 Pressure around 10000 psi

[ Source: “Composite Comfortable Pressure Vessel” U. S. Patent No.5 ]

Fuel cell vehicle efficiency
 Fuel cell efficiency
Eff. = Vactual /1.2 v
Electric work done = charge *voltage = -2FE Joules
 Fuel cell system efficiency
Also called Plant to wheel efficiency

[ Source: American national standards institute ]

Factors affecting fuel cell efficiency
 Temperature
 Pressure

 Stoichiometric effect
 Humidity effect

[ Source: Module 4: Hydrogen fuel cell technology ]

Refueling of HFCV
 Hydrogen can be used as on board fuel
 A flexible connection between car and dispenser
 Only few refueling stations over worldwide

[ Source: EV World, “Hydrogen Car Fire Surprise” ]

Comparative analysis of FCV
Well to wheel efficiency
 FCV is 22 % efficient
 ICE is 15 % efficient

Advantages & disadvantages of FCV
Advantages
 Efficiency is largely independent of load
 Less complicated then ICE vehicle
 Quitter operation
 No structural weaknesses
 Zero emission

Disadvantages
 High cost
 On board hydrogen storage
 Production of hydrogen at energy plants creates
much CO2
 H2 is very flammable gas

Status of fuel cell vehicle technology

Performance Reliability
Safety Longevity
Comfort Package/weight
Freeze start Cost
Range

Technological challenges
 Vehicle cost
 On board hydrogen storage
 Fuel cell durability & reliability
 Getting hydrogen to consumers
 Public acceptance

[ Source: Photo courtesy of HONDA ]

Prototype of FCV
 NECAN
 JEEP COMMANDER
 F-cell
 TH!NK
 HYDROGENI

[ Source: www.fuelcellpartnership.org ]

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