Myocardial Infarction.pptx

Myocardial Infarction.pptx

• 1.
  Myocardial Infarction Dr. NimraWazeer PT DPT (UMT)
• 2.
  Contents:  Definition  Typesof infarcts  Epidemiology  Etiology  Etiopathogenesis  Pathophysiology  Clinical manifestation  Diagnosis  Management:  Non- Pharmacological  Pharmacological
• 3.
  Myocardial Infarction:  MIis defined as a diseased condition which is caused by reduced blood flow in a coronary artery due to atherosclerosis & occlusion of an artery by an embolus or thrombus.  MI or heart attack is the irreversible damage of myocardial tissue caused by prolonged Ischemia & Hypoxia.
• 5.
  Types of infarcts: According to anatomic region of left ventricle involved:  Anterior  Posterior  Lateral  Septal  Circumferential  Combinations: Anterolateral, Posterolateral, Anteroseptal  According to degree of thickness of ventricular wall involved:  Transmural (Full thickness)  Laminar (Sub endocardial)  According to age of infarcts:  Newly formed (acute, recent, fresh)  Advanced infarcts (old, healed)
• 6.
  Epidemiology:  In Industrialcountries MI count for 10-25% of all deaths.  Incidence is higher in elderly people, about 5% occurs in people under age 40.  Males have higher risk.  Women during reproductive period have low risk.  Over last 30 years, the rate of diseases increased from 2-6% in rural population and 4-12 % in urban population.
• 7.
  Etiology:  Tobacco smoking Hypertension  Drug abuse  Obesity  Stress  Alcohol  Age  Gender  Diabetes  Hyperlipoproteinemia  Family history  Hyperhomocysteinemia  Chronic kidney diseases
• 8.
  Etiopathogenesis:  Mechanism ofmyocardial ischemia.  Role of platelets  Acute plaque rupture  Non atherosclerotic causes  Transmural versus subendocardial infarcts
• 9.
  Pathophysiology
• 10.
  Clinical manifestation:  Chestpain/Chest discomfort  Dyspnea  Fatigue  Other symptoms include:  Increased sweating  Weakness  Nausea  Vomiting  Light headedness  Palpitation  Anxiety, sleeplessness, hypertension or hypotension, arrhythmia  Chest pain is less in women, their common symptoms are weakness, fatigue & dyspnea
• 11.
  Complications:  Arrhythmia  Cardiogenicshock (10%)  Congestive heart failure  Thromboembolism  Rupture (5%)  Cardiac aneurism (5%)  Pericarditis
• 12.
  Diagnosis:  Clinical features: Pain  Indigestion  Apprehension  Shock  Lower grade fever  Serum cardiac markers:  Creatinine phosphokinase (CK)  Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)  Cardiac specific troponins (cTn)
• 13.
   ECG changes: ST segment elevation  T wave inversion  Appearance of wide deep Q waves  Magnetic resonance imaging  Angiography  Positron emission tomography (PET Scan)  Chest Xray
• 14.
  Management:  Non- Pharmacological: Counselling and education of patients  Life style measures  Smoking cessation  Avoid alcohol intake  Diet and nutrition  Salt restriction
• 15.
  Pharmacological:  Thrombolytic agents Anticoagulants  Antiplatelet agents  Antihypertensive agents  Lipid lowering drugs  Vasodilators  Others  Analgesics  Antiulcer drugs  Antidepressants
• 19.
  Thank You 