N3850 Personal Spiritual and Religious Beliefs Essay.docx

N3850 Personal Spiritual and Religious Beliefs Essay.docx

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  N3850 Personal Spiritualand Religious Beliefs Essay N3850 Personal Spiritual and Religious Beliefs EssayORDER HERE FOR ORIGINAL, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERS ON N3850 Personal Spiritual and Religious Beliefs EssayWrite a 2-3 page double space essay on your personal spirituality. This is a reflection of your own spirituality. Answer the following questions:1. Introduce your paper by answering the question: How do you define spirituality? (1 point)2. Describe your own spirituality. Is it based on religious beliefs or non-religious beliefs; is it religious or existential (none religious based)? How does your description relate to the definition you stated? (4 points)3. What do you think your spirituality is based on: faith, relationships, goals, past experiences, parents, nature? Please relate to your culture, family, friends, and society. Has it changed since you were younger? How? (4 points)4. Do you feel you are strong spiritually or in spiritual distress, or somewhere in the middle? What do you think contributes to this rating (Rate yourself 1-10, 10 very strong)? (2 points)5. What actions do you perform which enhance your spirituality or have in the pass? (3 points)6. End this essay with a conclusion, perhaps by referencing something from your textbook or class power points (1 point).N3850 Personal Spiritual and Religious Beliefs Essayattachment_1attachment_2attachment_3Unformatted Attachment PreviewNursing 3850: Assessment and Care of Patient’s Spiritual Needs Cal State University, Los Angeles Patricia A. Chin School of Nursing Darlene Finocchiaro, PhD, RN CRRN 1 What is Spirituality? 2 There are Many Definitions • Relationship with supreme being which directs one’s Beliefs & Values. • The core of ONE’S being; a sense of personhood – what one is and is becoming. • What or who one ought to live for. • A feeling level of the experience of GOD as transcended and/or personal being. 3 What is spirituality • A personal concept based on a person’s attitudes and belief related to transcendence (God) or to the nonmaterial forces of life and of nature (O’Brien, 2003). • Connection between body, mind and spirit, love, caring, compassion, relationship with the Divine. • Existential or humanistic: individual feelings of well-being often due to what brings meaning or purpose in life, what brings a sense of connectedness (Carson, Ellison). • A relationship of the whole person to a personal God and to other people (Shelly & Miller, 2006). 4 Spirituality Broad concept that encompasses values, meaning and purpose, one turns inward to the human traits of honesty, loving, caring, existence of a higher quality of a higher authority, guiding spirit or transcendence that is mystical, a flowing dynamic balance that allows and creates healing of body-mind- spirit and may or may not involve organized religion. (Dossey, 1989) 5 Spirituality has a Vertical & Horizontal Dimension • Vertical: GOD-related – however a person perceives GOD.
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  6 Spirituality hasa Vertical & Horizontal Dimension • Horizontal: Reflects and fleshes out the supreme value experiences of one’s relationship with GOD through one’s beliefs, values, life-style, quality of life & interactions with self, others and nature. 7 Spirituality has a Vertical & Horizontal Dimension Self, Others, Nature Interactions Life-Style One’s Values One’s Beliefs GOD Related 8 The Dynamics of Spirituality • The person’s experience of GOD, or however GOD is perceived, and the ultimate values that govern and shape one’s life are not static. • Spirituality is a continuous growth in the spirit, ever changing with its ups and downs. 9 Characteristics of Spirituality • • • • • • Love Compassion Caring Transcendence Relationship with GOD, universe, others Connection of Mind-Body-Spirit 10 Model of interrelatedness • Continuous interrelatedness between self, God, the environment and others • Relationships are grounded on the principles of forgiveness, love and trust • Relationships result in meaning and purpose in life • Development over time and where one is in health and illness (inner factors) influence one’s spiritual well being or distress • (Stoll, 1987) 11 Theology of Personhood • • • • • Man is created in the image of GOD. All persons are created to share in GOD’s own life. N3850 Personal Spiritual and Religious Beliefs EssayThe dignity of the person is someone unique. All persons have the ability to love GOD is the father of all persons. We are his children and we are brothers and sisters. • All persons have a mind, body and spirit. • All persons possess a conscience, which tells us what is right and wrong. • A voice of GOD. “GOD CONSCIOUSNESS” 12 A Person’s Spirit • Persons have a spirit; other creatures do not • The image of GOD within every person, making one a thinking, feeling, moral, creative being able to relate meaningfully to GOD (defined by person), to self, and to others. • A basic human drive to bond with the transcendent. • Literal breath of life. 13 A Person’s Spirit • The real person that no one can see, that never dies. • A capacity for GOD consciousness, however defined. 14 Spiritual Well Being • The affirmation of life in a relationship with God, self, community and environment that nurtures and celebrates wholeness • Defined by the National Interfaith coalition on Aging (Cook, 1980) • Ellison: religious and existential; God or higher being oriented or purpose/meaning in life oriented (Ellison, 1983) 15 Spiritual Distress • North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) • Impaired ability to experience and integrate meaning and purpose in life through a person’s connectedness with self, others, art, music, literature, nature, or a power greater than oneself (NANDA) • Risk factors: illness, depression, stress, separated from love ones, inability to forgive, loss, racial/cultural conflict, natural disaster • Characteristics: see page 24 16 Assessing One’s Own Spirituality Relating to Illness 1. What does faith mean to you? 2. Will this faith sustain you during a crisis, a severe illness or disability – do you think? 3. Describe your own spirituality. 17 Spiritual Assessment • Spiritual Well-Being is indicative of the presence of spiritual health in the person. • It is to say “yes” to life despite any negative consequences. • Are you in “Spiritual Distress” of is your spiritual well-being healthy? • Where on the scale of 1-10 (10 being highest) do you fall? 18 The Nature of Humans 19 Holistic Care • Supports the intimate connection of body, mind and spirit • Caring for the whole person requires attention to the individuality and uniqueness of each dimension (body, mind and spirit), as well as the interrelatedness of all three. 20 Holistic Care • BODY: Physical substance of a person that can be perceived in empirical reality. • MIND: Dimension of an individual that
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  conceptualizes. • SPIRIT:Life principle that is shared with all of humanity and with GOD. “It is the dimension of personhood that drives us to create, love, question, contemplate and transcend.” (Emeth & Greenhut, 1991) 21 • • • RELIGION: An organized system of faith or worship based on specific doctrines and beliefs. It is the outward manifestation of belief in a supreme or superior being. SPIRITUALITY: Is your most inner being. It gives meaning to your life (selftranscendence). Can be found in religion, art, nature, music, a way of life. There are many religions, but spirituality is in every person. “UNIVERSAL” 22 Religion and Spirituality Religion: Community focused, observable, measurable, formal, organized, behavior oriented, outward practices, and has doctrine to believe in and follow. Spirituality: Individualistic, subjective and less measurable, less formal or systematic, emotionally oriented, inward directed, little accountability, unifying, not doctrine based. 23 Spirituality and Worldview • • • • • Definition of Worldview: N3850 Personal Spiritual and Religious Beliefs EssayA commitment, a fundamental orientation of the heart, that can be expressed as a story or in a set of presuppositions which we hold about the basic constitution of reality, and that provides the foundation on which we live, move, and have our being (Sire, 2004). Post modern world, rejects the idea of the “ultimate truth”, supporting relativism and a pluralistic worldview Value of the human being Spirit as an impersonal energy that can be manipulated What is your worldview? Questions , p. 14 24 Spirituality and Worldview • • • • • Religious differences Cultural differences East versus west philosophies Age differences A mixture (not internally consistent) – – – – – theism deism monism Eastern pantheistic monism New Age 25 The health care team • • • • • • Nursing Professional chaplains Doctors and Medicine Social Workers Public health/community health Physical and occupational therapies 26 The Art of Nursing Nursing is and art, and if it is to be made an art, requires as exclusive a devotion and as hard a preparation as any painter’s or sculptor’s work; for what is having to do with dead canvas or cold marble compared with having to do with the living body – the temple of God’s spirit…it is one of the fine arts; I have almost said the finest of fine arts.” – Florence Nightingale 27 Spirituality in Nursing • Origins and Development – Holistic Care emphasized • • – – – – Prayer to get rid of evil spirits Early Christianity: Deaconesses, Roman Matrons Scientific viewpoint Care for the Biophysical being Familiarities with religious beliefs/practices affecting health care of individuals. Awareness of scientific limitations leading to “Therapies” for healing. 28 Spirituality in Nursing • Origins and Development – – – – – Late 1980s; New Age Theories Rise of ethical issues Self-help programs Existential approaches; Dealing with suffering Spiritual resurgence of today 29 Patient Spiritual Needs Darlene Finocchiaro, PhD, RN California State University, Los Angeles School of Nursing 1 Definitions (Koenig) ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ Secular humanism Christian humanism Religiosity Religion and the neurosis Spirituality: quest for the sacred 2 Nursing Diagnosis: Spirituality Spiritual Distress: “The state in which the individual experiences, or is at risk of experiencing, a disturbance in his belief or value system that is his source of strength and hope.” (Carpenito, 2004) “Impaired ability to experience and integrate meaning and purpose in life through connectedness with self, others, art, music, literature, nature, or a higher power than self” (Wilkinson & Ahern, 2009) Spiritual Distress Risk for; Spiritual Well Being, Readiness for Enhanced NANDA International taxonomy 3 Development ◼ ◼ Spiritual development: A dynamic process in
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  which an individualbecomes increasingly aware of the meaning, purpose and values in life. Religious development: Growing in the acceptance of a particular system of beliefs, values, rules for conduct and rituals. Ideally leads to spiritual development, but not always. 4 Development ◼ Religious development consists of particular mile stones in a person’s life. ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ Baptism, rites of “passage” Confirmation Holy communion Bar or bat mitzvah Buddhist infant initiation rites Events are external and symbolic 5 Development Prerequisite for spiritual development is Faith. ◼ Faith: Belief in or assent to something that cannot be seen. (noun) Represents a way of being, living, and believing; A way of acting and responding to others. (verb) In other words it is a living faith and goes beyond just believing. 6 Faith James Fowler’s Stages of Faith ◼ 1. 2. 3. 4. Primal or undifferentiated faith (infancy) stage 0 Intuitive–projective faith (early childhood) stage 1 Mythic-Literal faith (school children) stage 2 Synthetic-Conventional faith (adolescence, age 12 and beyond) stage 3 7 Faith James Fowler’s Stages of Faith ◼ N3850 Personal Spiritual and Religious Beliefs EssayIndividuative-reflective faith (young adult and beyond) stage 4 6. Conjunctive faith (midlife and beyond) stage 5 7. Universalizing faith (midlife or beyond, enlightenment) stage 6 5. 8 Faith Aden’s Faith Development Theory Faith=trust, assent, obedience and self- surrender ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ Gift from a higher being Developmental phenomenon 9 Faith Aden’s Eight Stages of Faith ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ Faith as trust (infancy) Faith as courage (early childhood) Faith as obedience (preschool) Faith as assent (school age) Faith as identity (adolescence) Faith as self surrender (young adult) Faith as unconditional caring (middle) Faith as unconditional acceptance 10 Faith Knowledge + Obedience love of “being” Love: obedience is easy because it is not out of fear, but out of total trust and love. 11 Faith Development Theory ◼ ◼ John Westerhoff Stages of Faith 1. 2. 3. 4. Experienced faith Affiliative faith Searching faith Owned faith 12 Faith Development ◼ Pick a theorist and determine where you are in the “Stages of Faith Development” ◼ ◼ ◼ Fowler Aden Westerhoff 13 Hope The Virtue of Hope ◼ Prerequisite for effective coping ◼ Difference between life and death ◼ What a person wants ◼ ◼ ◼ Earthly–external Supreme being– eternal Gives strength to individuals 14 Hope Conceptualization of Hope: Major themes ◼ Orientation towards future ◼ Setting goals ◼ Acting to meet those goals ◼ Establishing interpersonal relationships Horizontal conceptualization–earthly hopes Vertical conceptualization–eternal, Supreme being 15 Hope “We can either love God because we hope for something from him or we can hope in him knowing that He loves us. Either way, hope is seen in relation to a supreme being and is a spiritual attribute.” Thomas Merton (1967) Develops with faith through the stages 16 Love The Virtue of Love (The greatest virtue) ◼ Love for Self ◼ Love for God ◼ Love for Others Develops with faith through the stages 17 Definition of Nursing and Suffering “An interpersonal process whereby the professional nurse practitioner assists an individual, family, or community to prevent or cope with the experience of illness and suffering and if necessary, to find meaning in these experiences.” Travelbee (1971) 18 Suffering “Suffering, like illness is a common life experience, encountered by all.” Travelbee (1971) Definition of Suffering: Any experience that impinges on an individual’s or community’s sense of well-being. It is an ongoing consistent state of distress. Sparks (1993), Maes (1990) 19 Suffering Pain: Physical response to injury Suffering: Dehumanizing effect on self, diminishing the spirit or
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  promoting spiritual growth.Donley (1991) 20 Suffering Why do people suffer? ◼ Result of our own mistakes ◼ Punishment from God for wrong doing ◼ Book of Job ◼ A Holy Mystery ◼ World is “incomplete”, not perfect 21 Suffering Meaning of Suffering ◼ Higher purpose in life ◼ It is a potential stimulus toward some greater good, if the patient has the strength to use suffering in the “right” manner. ◼ Not why, but how one responds (Rabbi Kushner) ◼ Increased dependence on God or faith (Judeo-Christian) ◼ To teach one to love, to be compassionate 22 Suffering and Salvation A source of ultimate growth–Religious context, leading to one’s Salvation “The word salvation means ‘healing’… Salvation is the process of healing and the process of becoming whole. One’s health, wholeness, and holiness are all derived from the same root.” Peck, 2016 23 Suffering Response by Nursing and Health Care Providers 1. Compassionate accompaniment (presence) 2. A search for meaning 3. Action to remove suffering 24 Culture related to Suffering ◼ N3850 Personal Spiritual and Religious Beliefs EssayClass discussion related to cultural groups ◼ ◼ ◼ Hispanic Black Asian 25 Religion related to suffering ◼ ◼ ◼ Theistic views: divine punishment or a test of one’s faith (theistic-sovereign) and theistic consoling view, which God is love and compassion in suffering Nontheistic views: Buddhist perspective, seeking Nirvana; secular humanist perspective: I am in control and responsible Religious views: Judaism, Islam, Christianity and Buddhism 26 Illness and Spirituality ◼ ◼ Discussion of video presentation Religion and coping with illness ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ Religion provides a positive world view Every human has uniqueness and purpose Facilitates psychological integration of difficult life experiences or traumas Religion provides hope to keep on trying Religion empowers the person/patient 27 Illness and Spirituality ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ Religion provides role models to follow Provides social constraints and guidance for decision making reducing stress Answers for the big questions in life that science and medicine cannot answer Religion provides human and divine support Religion is a helpful coping behavior with medical illness; will not disappear 28 Research, religion and illness ◼ Research studies and findings ◼ Religion’s effects on physical health ◼ Religion’s effects on mental health 29 Bible Interpretations: Suffering ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ Isaiah 43:1-7 Revelation 21:1-4 2 Corinthians 12:710 Romans 5:1-5 ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ 2 Corinthians 1:5 Acts 14:22 Hebrews 12:6 John 9:2-3 30 Bible Interpretations: Suffering ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ Corinthians 1:3-11 Acts 9:16 Proverbs 3:12 Book of Job ◼ ◼ ◼ ◼ Isaiah 55:8 1 Peter 2:21 First Book of Peter Book of Jeremiah 31 Nursing 3850: Assessment and Care of Patient’s Spiritual Needs California State University, Los Angeles School of Nursing Darlene Finocchiaro PhD, RN, CRRN 1 SPIRITUALITY “Spirituality is NOT a religion. Spirituality has to do with experience Religion has to do with the conceptualization of that experience. Spirituality focuses on what happens in the HEART; RELIGION tries to codify & capture that experience in a SYSTEM.” Thomas Legere 2 Health care and Spirituality HCP can be more sensitive to the spiritual needs of their clients when they have a greater knowledge of the religious beliefs & practices of those individuals. 3 Spirituality Religion is still important to people, especially during times of illness, suffering or death. “I believe in God” 96% “I believe in a universal spirit” “I pray privately” 92% (Somerville & McGuire, 1984) 4 Health care and Spirituality It is not necessary for the HCP to hold similar religious beliefs or to agree with the beliefs of the client in order to meet a patient’s spiritual needs with acceptance and understanding. Key = Having knowledge 5
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  Western Religions Judaism,Christianity, Islam. Monotheistic in belief. Sacred Scriptures: Importance of one God who personally created the world. A God who reveals himself through events & people in Human history, “Prophecy.” 6 Judaism Do not believe that Jesus is the Messiah. Oldest continuous religion practiced in Western civilization. Foundation on which Christianity & Islam were built. History recorded in Hebrew scriptures. Several groups. N3850 Personal Spiritual and Religious Beliefs EssayHospitality (being open) to differences. 7 Judaism Major tenets 1. God created the world according to his will & placed humans at the center of the universe to fulfill his supreme will. 2. Since humans are the focal point of all creation, they are endowed with the capacity to do God’s will. 8 Judaism Major tenets 3. Since God created humans with a holy soul, they are inherently good & as such must worship God and strive to be as God: Merciful Compassionate Just Tolerant 9 Judaism Beliefs and Practices (pp 67-69) Observant Jews (Orthodox, Conservative) • • • • • • • • Birth – naming of child/circumcision. Women – ritual state of impurity. Diet – Kosher. Sabbath – sunset Friday to sunset Saturday. Death. Donor organ transplant. Shaving. Prayer. Reform Jews – may or may not adhere to practices/beliefs. 10 Christianity Largest Religion Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Protestant – many groups Most diverse in beliefs 11 Christianity History recorded in the Holy Bible primarily the New Testament, referring back to Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) Beliefs focus on the concept of: Trinity: One God, three persons-Father, Son, Holy Spirit Redemption from sin Eternal Salvation Personal relationship with Jesus Christ 12 Christianity The God of History became flesh in the person of Jesus. Roles: teacher, healer, miracle performer. Passion, Death, and Resurrection. Jesus: Head of Christian Church. The promises God made to Israel have been fulfilled in Jesus. 13 Roman Catholicism Historical overview Started from the time of Pentecost. Rome is the center of the Church. Theological differences about Church law division Eastern & Western Churches. 14 Roman Catholic Tenets Adhere to Christ’s teachings handed down by Scripture and oral tradition. Heaven: those who live out their lives faithfully. Hell: those who permanently, completely, and knowingly rejected God’s love & grace. Purgatory: place of purification. 15 Roman Catholic Tenets Mass and Liturgy of the hours. Fasting/Abstaining from meat. Confession of serious sin. Observing …N3850 Personal Spiritual and Religious Beliefs Essay