NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM.pptx…………..

NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM.pptx…………..

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  NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM Prepared by: Group 3 MID-2B
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  The National ImmunizationProgram, which was then known as Expanded Program for Immunization, was launched by the Philippine government on July 12, 1976 with the assistance of World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) to ensure that infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines.
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  This program primarilyaims to reduce the morbidity and mortality among children against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) which includes: • Tuberculosis • poliomyelitis, • diphtheria • tetanus • pertussis • measles. To date, the Expanded Program on Immunization provides safe and effective vaccines against VPDs for newborns, infants, older children, pregnant, and senior citizens.
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  A. Objectives andComponents of the Unit of Vaccine and Immunization OBJECTIVES: • Prevent and control vaccine-preventable diseases: The primary goal is to protect individuals and communities from serious and potentially deadly diseases. • Reduce morbidity and mortality: Immunization programs aim to lower the incidence of disease, hospitalizations, and deaths related to vaccine-preventable diseases. • Improve overall health and well-being : By preventing diseases, immunization programs contribute to a healthier population and a stronger economy. • Achieve herd immunity: Immunization programs strive to create herd immunity, where a large proportion of the population is immune to a disease, making it difficult for the disease to spread.
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  Vaccines: These are biologicalpreparations that stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies against specific diseases. Vaccines are carefully developed and tested to ensure safety and efficacy. COMPONENTS
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  Immunization Schedule: This isa recommended schedule for administering vaccines at specific ages to provide optimal protection. The schedule is based on scientific evidence and updated regularly.
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  Germ type • Live-attenuated:A weakened version of the germ • Inactivated: A killed version of the germ • Subunit: A specific piece of the germ, like its protein or sugar • Toxoid: A toxin (harmful product) made by the germ Genetic material • mRNA • Messenger RNA that gives cells instructions for making a protein of the germ • Viral vector • Genetic material that gives cells instructions for making a protein of the germ, plus a harmless virus to help get the genetic material into cells • Nucleic acid • A section of genetic material that provides instructions for specific proteins Vaccines are classified by the type of germ or genetic material they use, and how the germ is treated.
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  Examples • Measles, mumps,and rubella (MMR): A live- attenuated vaccine • Whooping cough (pertussis): An inactivated vaccine • Diphtheria and tetanus: Toxoid vaccines • Hepatitis B: A biosynthetic vaccine • Some SARS-CoV2 vaccines: Use mRNA technology
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  Delivery System: This includesthe infrastructure and personnel needed to deliver vaccines safely and effectively, including healthcare providers, clinics, and transportation systems.
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  Monitoring and Evaluation: Regular monitoring andevaluation are essential to assess the program's effectiveness, identify any challenges, and make necessary improvements. Education and Communication: Public education campaigns are crucial to increase awareness about the importance of immunization, address misconceptions, and encourage vaccination.
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  B. OBJECTIVES AND PRIORITIES 1.Increase Immunization Coverage – Ensure that all eligible individuals receive recommended vaccines. 2. Prevent Vaccine-Preventable Diseases – Reduce morbidity and mortality rates through widespread immunization. 3. Promote Public Awareness – Educate communities about the benefits and safety of vaccines. 4. Strengthen Health Systems – Improve infrastructure and workforce capabilities to deliver vaccines efficiently. 5. Monitor and Evaluate Programs – Use data-driven approaches to assess the impact of immunization efforts.
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  Priorities: 1. Target VulnerablePopulations – Focus on children, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised individuals. 2. Ensure Vaccine Availability and Accessibility – Maintain a reliable supply chain and distribution network. 3. Combat Misinformation – Address vaccine hesitancy through evidence-based communication. 4. Enhance Surveillance Systems – Improve reporting mechanisms to track disease outbreaks and immunization rates. 5. Strengthen Partnerships – Collaborate with local and international organizations to optimize resources and expertise.
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  1. Vaccine Supply& Distribution: Procurement, distribution, and cold chain management. 2. Service Delivery: Routine immunization services, outreach programs, and mobile health teams. 3. Vaccine Safety & Surveillance: Monitoring, investigation, and response to vaccine- related incidents. 4. Immunization Information System:Electronic recording, tracking, and reporting of immunization data. 5. Training & Capacity Building: Training of healthcare workers and capacity building for program managers. 6. Social Mobilization & Advocacy: Community engagement, education, and partnerships for program support. C. IMMUNIZATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
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  1. Active Immunity:Body produces antibodies to fight infection (e.g., vaccination) 2. Passive Immunity: Body receives antibodies from external sources (e.g., mother's milk, immunoglobulin) Levels of Immunity: 1. Individual Immunity: Protection of a single person against infection 2. Herd Immunity: Protection of a community against infection when a sufficient percentage of individuals are immunized (typically 80-95%) Benefits of Immunity: 1. Prevents Infection: Protects against vaccine-preventable diseases 2. Reduces Disease Transmission: Helps prevent spread of diseases in communities 3. Protects Vulnerable Populations: Safeguards those with weakened immune systems (e.g., elderly, young children) D. TYPES OF IMMUNITY
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  Role of Vaccinesin Immunity: - Vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce a response, creating memory cells that protect against future infections. Community Immunity (Herd Immunity): - High vaccination rates contribute to herd immunity, which protects individuals who cannot receive vaccines, such as those with certain medical conditions. Challenges: - Vaccine hesitancy fueled by misinformation remains a barrier to achieving desired immunization rates. - Emerging infectious diseases may necessitate rapid vaccination responses and adaptations in existing programs.
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  REFERENCES: - World HealthOrganization (WHO). (2021). Immunization Coverage. Retrieved from [WHO](https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/immunization) - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). Vaccines and Immunizations. Retrieved from [CDC](https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines) - WHO. (2023). Immunization System Strengthening. Retrieved from [WHO](https://www.who.int/immunization/system_strengthening/en/) - Immunization Action Coalition. (2023). Vaccine Information. Retrieved from [IAC](https://www.immunize.org/) - CDC. (2023). Understanding How Vaccines Work. Retrieved from [CDC] (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/immunity.html)