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National parks of INDIA

This document provides information on India's national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. It begins by outlining India's diverse geography and physiographic divisions. It then discusses the three parallel mountain ranges of the Himalayas - the Greater Himalayas, Lesser Himalayas, and Outer Himalayas. The document also describes the Northern Plains, Indian Desert, Peninsular Plateau, coastal plains, and island groups. It provides details on criteria for national parks and notes that India has 103 national parks, third highest in Asia. Several prominent national parks are highlighted for their signature wildlife, including Kaziranga for rhinos, Corbett as the oldest park with tigers, and Gir as the only home

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Geography,Lecture-1 National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries MS.MEENAKSHI DHIMAN ASSISTANT PROF-SILB,SOLAN
Important Facts  India has a coastline of 7516.6 km of total land frontier 15200 km and Tropic of Cancer passes almost middle through its crossing over the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Paschim Banga, Tripura and Mizoram(8).  Himadri (Greater Himalayas): It has an average elevation of 6100m includes some of the highest peaks and some of the important passes like Jalep La in the Chumbi Valley in Sikkim and Shipki La in the Sutlej Valley. Mt. Everest or Sagarmatha, the highest peak of the world, lies in Nepal.
 India is divided into six physiographic divisions on basis of the varied physiographic features: units as follows: Northern and North-eastern Mountain; Northern Plain; Peninsular Plateau; Indian Desert; Coastal Plains; and Islands.  The Himalayas are one of the youngest fold mountain ranges in the world of tectonic origin and comprise mainly sedimentary rocks. They stretch from the Indus River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east. It consists of three parallel ranges such as Himadri (Greater Himalayas), Himachal (Lesser Himalaya), and Shiwaliks (Outer Himalaya).
 Himachal (Lesser Himalaya): It has an average height of 3700-4500 m. The important ranges are Dhauladhar, Pir Panjal, Nag Tibba and Musoorie. Important hill resorts are Shimla, Ranikhet, Almora, Nainital and Darjiiling Valley plains and ‘Doon or Doar’ are special features of this range bordering the outer Himalayas.  Shiwaliks (Outer Himalaya): It is recent origin with an average elevation of 900-1200 m, giving a hogback appearance with relatively steeper slope towards the south.  Trans Himalayan Zones lies to the North of the Great Himalayas bordering Tibet. Some important ranges of this zone are Karakoram, Ladakh, and Zaskar. This is the largest snow field outside the polar region.
 The Northern Plains are formed by the alluvial deposits brought by the rivers – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. These plains extend approximately 3,200 km from the east to the west. The average width of these plains varies between 150-300 km. The maximum depth of alluvium deposits varies between 1,000-2,000 m. From the north to the south, these can be divided into three major zones: the Bhabar, the Tarai and the alluvial plains.  The Indian Desert is located to the north-west of the Aravali hills lies the Great Indian Desert. It is a land of undulating topography dotted with longitudinal dunes and barchans. This region receives low rainfall below 150 mm per year; hence, it has an arid climate with low vegetation cover. It is because of these characteristic features that this is also known as Marusthali.
 The Plateau of India is roughly triangular in shape with its base parallel to the Ganga Valley and its apex pointing towards the southern tips of the country. It is hard old mass of igneous and metamorphic rocks being part of the tectonic plate called the Gondwanaland.  Peninsular Plateau is bordered by the Western Ghats in the west, Eastern Ghats in the east and the Satpura, Maikal range and Mahadeo hills in the north. Western Ghats are locally known by different names such as the Sahyadri in Maharashtra, Nilgiri hills in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and Anaimalai hills and Cardamom hills in Kerala.
 The Eastern Ghats Mountain Ranges are extending from Orissa to Tamil Nadu. It is more eroded than the Western Ghats. It is drained by the Godavari and the Krishna River. Vishakhapatnam Peak is the highest peak of this range. Mahendragiri is the second highest peak of this range.  The Western Ghat Mountain Range or Sahyadri Range is the India’s largest mountain range after the Himalayas, which extend from the Tapi river valley to the Nilgiri. It is divided into two parts- the North Sahyadri and the south Sahyadri. This range is the home of many hill stations like Matheran, Lonavala-Khandala, Mahabaleshwar, Panchgani, Amboli Ghat, Kudremukh and Kodagu.  The Western Ghats Coastal Plain extends from Surat to Kanyakumari which is divided into four parts: Gujarat Plain- Coastal area of Gujarat; Konkan Plain- between Daman and Goa; Kannad Plain- between Goa and Mangalore; and Malabar Plain- between Mangalore and Kanyakumari.
 The Eastern Coastal Plains lies between the Eastern Ghats and the sea coast from the Subarnarekha River to Kanyakumari. As compared to the Western Coastal Plain It is wider because the rivers like Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri formed the delta over there. The continental shelf extends up to 500 km into the sea, which makes it difficult for the development of good ports and harbours. In Eastern Coastal plain, there is the Kolleru Lake which situated in the delta region of the Godavari and the Krishna Rivers. Chilka Lake and Pulicat Lake is the best example of lagoon which is also found in this region.  There are two major island groups in India – one in the Bay of Bengal and the other in the Arabian Sea.
 India has 7,000 kilometers of seacoast with Bangladesh, Burma , Indonesia, Maldives, Pakistan, Sri Lanka , Thailand nations. India claims a twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea and an exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles. The territorial seas total 314,400 square kilometers.
 The Bay of Bengal island groups consists of about 572 islands/islets. These are situated roughly between 6°N-14°N and 92°E -94°E. The two principal groups of islets include the Ritchie’s archipelago and the Labyrinth Island. The entire group of island is divided into two broad categories – the Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south. They are separated by a water body which is called the 10° channel.  The islands of the Arabian Sea include Lakshadweep and Minicoy. These are scattered between 8°N-12°N and 71°E -74°E longitude. These islands are located at a distance of 280 km-480 km off the Kerala coast. The entire island group is built of coral deposits. There are approximately 36 islands, of which 11 are inhabited. Minicoy is the largest island with an area of 453 sq. km. The entire group of islands is broadly divided by the 11° channel, north of which is the Amini Island and to the south of the Canannore Island
National Park  In 1969, the IUCN declared a national park to be a relatively large area with the following defining characteristics:  One or several ecosystems not materially altered by human exploitation and occupation, where plant and animal species, geomorphological sites and habitats are of special scientific, educational, and recreational interest or which contain a natural landscape of great beauty;  Highest competent authority of the country has taken steps to prevent or eliminate exploitation or occupation as soon as possible in the whole area and to effectively enforce the respect of ecological, geomorphological, or aesthetic features which have led to its establishment; and  Visitors are allowed to enter, under special conditions, for inspirational, educative, cultural, and recreative purposes.  In 1971, these criteria were further expanded upon leading to more clear and defined benchmarks to evaluate a national park. These include:  Minimum size of 1,000 hectares within zones in which protection of nature takes precedence  Statutory legal protection  Budget and staff sufficient to provide sufficient effective protection  Prohibition of exploitation of natural resources (including the development of dams) qualified by such activities as sport, hunting, fishing, the need for management, facilities, etc.
National Park With a count of 103 diverse National parks in India, India has the third highest number of national parks in Asia, after China and Thailand. There is immense variation in the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries in India including Tiger Reserves, Desert Sanctuary, Bird Sanctuary, Marine Parks and even a Floating National park!
Kaziranga National Park  "Home to the One Horned Rhino"  Kaziranga National Park Tourism  Home to two-thirds of the world's one horned rhinoceros population, this national park has been declared as a World Heritage Site.
Jim Corbett National Park  "The oldest National Park in India"  Corbett National Park, set amidst the foothills of Himalayas, houses a variety of flora and fauna including rare ones such as tigers and is a treat for wildlife enthusiasts and photographers.  The oldest National Park in India, Jim Corbett National Park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park and is home to the critically endangered species of the Royal Bengal Tiger. Located in the foothills of the Himalayas and along the banks of Ramaganga River. The Park is divided into 5 zones namely Bijrani, Dhikala, Jhirna, Domunda and Sonanandi and all of them have different gates. A visit to Corbett National Park is incomplete without a jungle safari, so make sure you go for a safari.
Gir National Park-Gujarat  "The land of Asiatic Lions"  Gir National Park is the only remaining home for the Asiatic Lions that are almost a definition to this park in Gujarat, which has a lot more to offer.  523 Lions.
Bandhavgarh National Park-Madhya Pradesh  "The Tiger's Den"  Formerly a hunting ground for the Maharajas of Rewa, this National Park is world-renowned as a tiger reserve.  The Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh is a beautiful forest with wildlife and vegetation in abundance. Bandhavgarh is known to have the highest density of Royal Bengal Tigers in the world
Kanha National Park-Madhya Pradesh  "The land of Jungle Boo  A delightful town situated in the district of Mandla, Kanha National park is the haven of an exceptionally wide variety of wild animals, including the majestic creature tiger.. Located in a central region of Madhya Pradesh it is the largest National Park in central India and has been ranked as one of the best parks in Asia. Among the 22 species of large mammals, the royal Bengal tigers are a major attraction.  The park was established in the year 1955 and has since actively contributed to the preservation of many endangered species. The National Park was taken under the Project Tiger Reserve in 1974.
Ranthambore National Park-Rajasthan  "One of the best national parks of the country”  This is one of the best tiger reserves of the country, known to have "friendly" tigers and chances of sighting one here is reasonably better than many other tiger reserves of India.  Nestled in the foothills of Vindhya and Aravali Hills, Ranthambore is famous for its tiger reserves and the variety of flora and fauna found. The Ranthambore National Park, along with the Ranthambore Fort and the The Ranthambore Fort, built in the 10th century, stands tall over the entire National Park. Built by the Chauhan Dynasty, the Fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Located inside the fort is the majestic temple of Lord Ganesha, the Trinetra Ganesh Temple.
Bandipur National Park-Karnataka  "Tiger reserves in the Nilgiris"  Situated in the state of Karnataka, Bandipur National Park was once the hunting grounds of the Maharaja of Mysore. It was later established as a reserve in 1974, and these deciduous forests rich in wildlife and flora have become a popular tourist attraction since then.
Periyar-Kerala  Periyar National Park, Thekkady  The Periyar National Park in Thekkady, Kerala, is one of the most bio- diverse regions in the world and the best-protected reserve area that one can lay eyes on in India. Famous for its gorgeousness, greenery and stillness, the park is the dwelling place of abundant significant species, including the royal tigers and majestic elephants apart from other reptiles, fishes and birds.
Sunderbans-West Bengal  Home of the Bengal Tigers"  Sundarbans  Known for hosting the biggest mangrove forests in the world, Sundarbans National Park is located in West Bengal, India. It is also a Tiger Reserve and a Biosphere reserve that provides a complete nature's circle to the tourist right from 'Royal Bengal tigers' to roaring rivers and beautiful estuaries. Sundarbans National Park is a part of Sundarban delta that is covered with Mangrove Forest and the largest population of the Bengal Tigers. It is a UNESCO world heritage site with a large variety of birds and reptiles including salt-water crocodile.  Shared between India and Bangladesh, the Sundarbans meaning beautiful forest, have been declared a UNESCO heritage site.
 It is a declared Tiger Reserve, home to the Royal Bengal Tiger- an almost extinct species who swim in the saline water and are often man-eating varieties. Other endangered species in the Bioreserve are Batagur baska, King Crabs, Olive Ridley and Turtle.
Tadabo- Maharashtra  The land of Tigers in Maharashtra"  Tadoba National Park Tourism  Famous for its natural heritage, Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve is definitely one of India's most exciting and best protected Tiger Reserve, with most visible tiger sightings in the state of Maharashtra  Tadoba national park is located in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra.
Manas National Park-Assam  "Natural World Heritage  Manas National Park is a UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project Tiger Reserve, an Elephant Reserve and a Biosphere Reserve in Assam. The only tiger reserve in Assam and also famous for the rare golden langur and the red panda, Manas is one of the best-kept national parks in India.  It's home to India's second-largest tiger population. It is also famous for its population of the Wild water buffalo. Manas harbours the maximum number of endangered species from India as listed in the IUCN Red Book.
Keoladeo National Park-Rajasthan  "The Bird Haven"  Often referred as the 'Eastern Gate of Rajasthan', Bharatpur is located in the Braj region of state Rajasthan.  The Bharatpur National Park, better known as Keoladeo National Park, is a beautiful bird sanctuary. Named after the Keoladeo temple located in its enclosure, the place was set up as a national park on 10th March 1982. It is a wetland, made and managed to protect the Bharatpur region from frequent floods. Declared a World Heritage Site of UNESCO,
Bannerghatta National Park-Karnataka  Located 22 km away from Bangalore, the Bannerghatta National Park is an asylum for a large variety of flora and fauna. Spread over a massive area of around 104.27 sq. km, this national park was established in the year 1971. of Anekal Range of the Bangalore Forest Division, an aquarium, a zoo, Children's park, Crocodile Farm, Snake Park, Prehistoric Animals' Park and a museum. What's more,
Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park-Andaman & Nicobar Islands  Located on the south-western coast of the Andaman Islands, Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park or Wandur National Park is a marine life conservation area situated at a distance of 25 km from the capital city of Port Blair. The wildlife sanctuary consists of a group of 12 islands which are situated in a labyrinthine shape and are home to some of the most exquisite marine life in the world including corals and resting sea turtles among other species.  Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park was established in the year 1983 in order to conserve the marine life of the area.
Great Himalayan National Park-Kullu  Great Himalayan National Park, Kullu  Great Himalayan National Park is one of India's national parks, which is located in Kullu region of Himachal Pradesh. Surrounded on all the three sides by the Himalayan Mountains, the park is home to diverse wildlife species. The Great Himalayan National Park received the status of a national park in 1999. At present, it is home to more than 375 species of fauna, 31 species of mammals and 181 species of birds. This beautiful location of the national park becomes all the more attractive due to the Deodar and Oak trees.
Sanjay Gandhi National Park-Mumbai  Squeezed between the two suburbs of Mumbai and Thane, Sanjay Gandhi National Park is ideal for picnics and weekend getaways offering respite from the chaos and buzz of the city. Kanheri caves, which are more than two thousand years old are also a major tourist attraction inside the park premises. The caves have been carved out of the rocky cliffs.  The Sanjay Gandhi National Park, previously known as the Borivali National Park
Pench National Park-Madhya Pradesh  "The inspiration for 'The Jungle Book'"  Pench National Park Tourism  With the majestic Pench river flowing through the greens and a variety of wildlife to be spotted in the rocky terrains, Pench National Park served as an inspiration for the famous novel 'The Jungle Book'.  Home to a variety of flora and fauna, Pench is one of the most popular national parks in the Central India. The serene surroundings of rich woody forests with the occasional sightings of wild animals make this national park an ideal tourist spot. More than 1300 species of plant species have been traced at Pench National Park, most of which consist of some of the dying and endangered plants. with the river flowing in the midst of the national park,
Rajaji National Park-Uttarakhand  Famous for its wildlife, especially for tigers and elephants, Rajaji National Park has recently received the status of a Tiger Reserve by the Government of India. Named in the honour or C. Rajagopalchari, this national park spreads over 3 districts of Uttarakhand including Dehradun, Haridwar and Pauri Garhwal. This area is also enriched with valuable fossils which date back to as old as 10 million years old. The forest area is popular for Sal, Teak and other shrubs. You should explore the wilderness and rich diversity of Himalayan lives here with a Jeep Safari or Elephant Safari organised by the Forest Department, the 34 km jungle track is a major attraction here. You can spot Asian Elephants, Tiger and King Cobra, Panther, Bear, Chital, Sambar, Wild Boar, Kakar, Python, Monitor Lizard, Wild Cats.
Silent Valley National Park-Kerala  Silent Valley National Park, Palakkad Overview  The Silent Valley National Park, with its lush green forests and beautiful views of the rich flora and fauna, is a popular destination for nature as well as wildlife lovers all across the globe. Spread across an area of 89 square kilometres, the Silent Valley National Park is located in the Kundali Hills of the Western Ghats in Kerala in southern India. With its long, detailed history and the unique status of a rainforest, this national park is indeed a sight to visit. The well-planned Safari and the beautiful stop-overs around the park only make a trip to this part of Kerala more worthwhile.
Dudhwa National Park-Uttar Pradesh  Dudhwa National Park Tourism  Nestled in the Lakhimpur-Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh on Indo-Nepal border, Dudhwa National Park is all about wildlife, nature and diversity and is a perfect getaway for nature buffs and wildlife lovers.  The place inhabits plethora of rare and endangered species including Tiger, Hispid hare, Swamp deer, Bengal Florican and Leopard etc. Dudhwa Tiger Reserve is one of the finest tiger reserves where one can also witness the spellbinding herds of Barasingha in the grassy wetlands.
Panna National Park-Madhya Pradesh  Panna National Park, Panna  The 22nd tiger reserve of India and the fifth in the state of Madhya Pradesh, Pana National Park is located in Panna and Chhatarpur districts. Known worldwide for its plentiful wildlife and avifauna, Panna Tiger Reserve was found as the best managed and maintained national park of India by the Ministry of Tourism of India.
Nameri National Park-Assam  An exciting Himalayan foothill"  Nameri national park is famous for its elephants and other animals including tigers, leopards, gaurs, wild pigs, sambars, etc. and also for being a bird watchers paradise.
Madumalai National Park-TamilNadu  Madumalai National Park, Mudumalai National Park  It was established way back in 1940 and was the first national park of Southern India. You can expect to see a variety of animals here including tigers, leopards, striped hyenas, dholes, sloth bears, Asian elephants, and Golden Jackals.  The crested hawk-eagle, the crested serpent eagle, the Malabar Trojan, and the Malabar grey hornbill are also spotter here and hence many bord watchers flock to Mudumalai National Park.
Eravikulum National Park-Kerala  Eravikulam National Park, Munnar  Located a 45 - minute drive away from Munnar, the Eravikulam National Park houses a rich and diverse variety of flora and fauna and is a UNESCO world heritage site. Also known as Rajamalai Wildlife Sanctuary. The control was taken over by the Karnataka Government in 1971, and it was declared a national park in 1978. Elephant, Nilgiri langur, Nilgiri marten, Atlas moth (largest in the world), lion-tailed macaque, small- clawed otter and a rare tiger or leopard are some of the main animal species that can be spotted here.  The Eravikulam National park is famous for housing the endangered mountain goat of South India, the Nilgiri Tahr.
Kudremukh National Park-Karnataka  Kudremukh National Park, Kudremukh  Located in the midst of mountains, Kudremukh National Park is popular for its scenic beauty. Designated the status of a national park in the year 1987, the 600-kilometre square area is one of the most well preserved national parks in the state. The Kudremukh National Park is jewelled with natural beauty, high rising peaks studded with a plethora of flora and fauna to picturesque trekking routes overseeing verdant grasslands, there is much to experience here! The wildlife protected area is the second largest belonging to a tropical wet evergreen forest in the zone of the Western Ghats.
Pin Valley National Park-Himachal Pradesh  Pin Valley National Park, Spiti Valley  Set amidst semi-frozen rivers in the Pin Valley, the Pin Valley National Park is situated in the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve situated in the Lahaul and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh. The elevation of the park ranges from about 3,500 metres near Ka Dogri to more than 6,000 metres at its pinnacle.
Gorumala National Park-West Bengal  Gorumara National Park, Lataguri  Situated on the banks of rivers Murti and Raidak in the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal,. Full of riverine grasslands and moist deciduous forests, the place is especially famous for its Asiatic one-horned rhino, and also houses many other mammals, reptiles, insects and birds, including the majestic Asian elephants, the royal Bengal tigers and the Great Indian Hornbill.
Orang National Park-Assam  "Home to the Orang National Park"  With one of the oldest game reserves of the state, The Orang National park located on the shores of river Brahmaputra, can be an exciting little bit of Assam with a huge variety of fauna finding its habitat here.
Vansda National Park-Gujarat  Vansda National park, Saputara  Tucked in between the Sahyadri ranges, lies this conserved wildlife park spanning over an area of about 24 sq kilometres. It got its name as Vansda because it was once privately owned by the Maharaja of Vansda. Not a single tree has been cut since then. Owing to this, in some places, the canopies are so thick that sunlight does not pass through. It is an open park, and you can easily get a permit if you want to explore it in your own vehicle.
Dibru National Park-Assam  Bird-watchers Paradise"  Dibru Saikhowa National Park  Dibru Saikhowa National Park is one of those places which boast of a rich collection of flora and fauna, many of them endangered. It is one of the few remaining protected sites in the Endemic Bird Area of the Assamese Plains.  Dibru Saikhowa National Park is a river island national park and one of the 19 biodiversity hotspots in the world. This National Park is situated 12 km north of Tinsukia in Assam.
Simipal National Park-Odissa  "Largest Wildlife Sanctuary of India"  Simlipal National Park, Baripada  Reflecting the natural beauty of an era gone by, Simlipal National Park is in a beautiful and scenic town in Odisha. Situated in Mayurbhanj, it once used to be a hunting ground for the rulers of the province. Simlipal is the largest wildlife sanctuary in India and is also considered as one of the principal tiger projects in India. The area is rich with dense forests, striking meadows, startling waterfalls and beautiful rivers. It is blessed with great bio-diversity and huge varieties of fauna that make it a great place to engage in wildlife sightseeing! Simlipal Reserve is home to more than 1000 varieties of plants. It has around 96 species of orchids that are endemic to the forest. Baripada is the nearest town to Simlipal and can be considered a gateway to the same.
Hazaribagh National Park-Jharkhand  Located in the state of Jharkhand, the Hazaribagh National Park is one of the oldest wildlife sanctuaries in India. It was established in 1954 with an objective of conserving wildlife and providing a home for rare and endangered species of flora and fauna. The landscape is full of steep hills, spectacular countryside, thick tropical forest and lovely meadows. The Hazaribagh National Park is located at a distance of 19 km from Hazaribagh and 135 km away from Ranchi. The best part about visiting this national park and wildlife sanctuary is that all its interiors are very well- connected by internal roads of 111 km that are constructed in such a way that animals do not get obstructed as they go about their daily business.
Betla National Park-Jharkhand  Betla National Park, Netarhat  Betla National Park is a beautiful national park which is spread over the hilly terrain of the attractive Palamau district, west of Ranchi In Jharkhand. Wild elephants wander without restraints in the thickets of the forest and the flora and fauna are enough to mesmerize any visitor. Betla stands as an acronym for Bison, Elephant, Tiger, Leopard and Axis. What makes this park stand out from the rest is the presence of two forts inside its premises. The primary attractions here is observing wildlife from a close range.
Singalla National Park-West Bengal  Singalila National Park, Darjeeling  Located at an altitude of more than 7000 feet above the sea in the Singalila range, the Singalila National Park is the highest national park in West Bengal. Initially, a wildlife sanctuary, the national park encompasses a beautiful, 78.60 sq km land of virgin rhododendron forests, alpine valley and rare species of animals and orchids. It is most famous for the breathtakingly mind-stirring view of the Himalayan peak that it offers, providing a panoramic view of the gigantic Himalayas from Nepal to Sikkimand up to Bhutan. Singalila is home to the very rare and exotic Red panda and the Himalayan black bear.
Namdapha National Park-Arunachal Pradesh  Namdapha National Park, Itanagar  The third largest national park in the country, area-wise, Namdapha National Park is located in Arunachal Pradesh. It is here that you can spot species such as Snow Leopard, Clouded Leopard, Leopard, and Tiger. Namdapha National Park is located at a mere distance of 160 km from the capital of Assam, i.e. Dibrugarh and is well-connected by a network of roads up till Miao, which is its getaway.
Dachigam National Park-J&K  Dachigam National Park  The park is best known for having the rarest of species - the hangul, or Kashmir stag.
Balpakram National Park-Meghalaya  Balpakram National Park, Tura  Located near the Garo Hills in Meghalaya in India about 3,000 feet above the sea level, the Balpakram National Park is a famous national park which is well known for its pristine beauty. The word Balpakram means the 'land of perpetual winds', and the national park is blessed with charming grace and breathtaking scenes.
Buxa Tiger Reserve-West Bengal  Buxa Tiger Reserve, Rajabhatkhawa  Adorning the northeastern corner of West Bengal, bordering Bhutan and Assam, Buxa Tiger Reserve was set up at on 16th February 1983 and was then, the 15th tiger reserve of the country. The forest constituting the Buxa Tiger Reserve is the largest in the Dooars - the Alluvial floodplains of Northeast India. Spanning over a whopping 759 sq. km., this tiger reserve is irrigated by several rivers and their tributaries. It boasts of a diverse and breathtaking landscape. In fact, because of the rocky terrain, many parts of the forest in the Buxa hills that lie in the Sinchula Range are inaccessible even by the authorities,
Hemis-J&K  Hemis High Altitude Wildlife Sanctuary, Hemis  At an altitude ranging from 3,300 m to 6,000 m above sea level, this sanctuary is known to be the highest in the world as well as the largest park of South Asia. It is also a habitat to the rare Snow Leopards.
Keibul Lamjao National Park-Manipur  Keibul Lamjao National Park, Imphal  Keibul Lamjao National Park, the only floating national park in the world, is located in the north-east Indian state of Manipur. It lies in the district of Bishnupur and is a vital part of Loktak Lake. The fact that it is a floating island is a unique feature that attracts nature enthusiasts and researchers from all over the world. This aspect of nature is magical and can only be seen only here, in Imphal.
Kanchenjunga National Park-Sikkim  Kanchenjunga National Park, West Sikkim  Named after the third highest mountain peak in the world, and nestled in the lap of the mighty Himalayas in North of Sikkim is the Kanchenjunga National Park. Included recently in UNESCO's world heritage sites, it is a rare high altitude national park and the first "Mixed-Heritage" site of the country. Also spelt as Khangchendzonga National Park, at an elevation of 8586 meters, it lies partly in Nepal and partly in Sikkim. Unique in biodiversity, this place is a paradise for trekking with a diverse landscape and breathtaking views.
Madhav National Park-Madhya Pradesh  Madhav National Park, Shivpuri  Spread over a sprawling area of 157 sq km in the district of Shivpuri, is the Madhav National Park. It is one of the major wildlife parks in the district.  Blessed with perennial carpeting of the conifers and the squeaky cleanliness in air, this park boasts of some of the most exquisite species like the little Chinkara, the Indian gazelle, and the Chital, Nilgai, Sambar, Chausingha or four-horned Antelope, Blackbuck, Sloth Bear, Leopard and the omnipresent common Langur.
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Introduction to geography and national parks in India, highlighting its diverse ecosystems.

Introduction to geography and national parks in India, highlighting its diverse ecosystems.

Introduction to geography and national parks in India, highlighting its diverse ecosystems.

Introduction to geography and national parks in India, highlighting its diverse ecosystems.

Introduction to geography and national parks in India, highlighting its diverse ecosystems.

Introduction to geography and national parks in India, highlighting its diverse ecosystems.

Introduction to geography and national parks in India, highlighting its diverse ecosystems.

Introduction to geography and national parks in India, highlighting its diverse ecosystems.

Overview of national parks in India, their significance, diversity, and classifications.

Specific famous national parks like Kaziranga, Corbett, Gir, and their key features.

Conservation efforts in India's national parks, including UNESCO World Heritage sites. Detailed descriptions of various national parks and significant wildlife they host.

Detailed descriptions of various national parks and significant wildlife they host.

Conservation efforts in India's national parks, including UNESCO World Heritage sites.

Detailed descriptions of various national parks and significant wildlife they host.

Detailed descriptions of various national parks and significant wildlife they host.

Detailed descriptions of various national parks and significant wildlife they host.

Detailed descriptions of various national parks and significant wildlife they host.

Detailed descriptions of various national parks and significant wildlife they host.

Detailed descriptions of various national parks and significant wildlife they host.

Detailed descriptions of various national parks and significant wildlife they host.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

Emerging and lesser-known national parks showcasing India's biodiversity and conservation.

National parks of INDIA

  • 1.
    Geography,Lecture-1 National Parks andWildlife Sanctuaries MS.MEENAKSHI DHIMAN ASSISTANT PROF-SILB,SOLAN
  • 3.
    Important Facts  Indiahas a coastline of 7516.6 km of total land frontier 15200 km and Tropic of Cancer passes almost middle through its crossing over the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Paschim Banga, Tripura and Mizoram(8).  Himadri (Greater Himalayas): It has an average elevation of 6100m includes some of the highest peaks and some of the important passes like Jalep La in the Chumbi Valley in Sikkim and Shipki La in the Sutlej Valley. Mt. Everest or Sagarmatha, the highest peak of the world, lies in Nepal.
  • 5.
     India isdivided into six physiographic divisions on basis of the varied physiographic features: units as follows: Northern and North-eastern Mountain; Northern Plain; Peninsular Plateau; Indian Desert; Coastal Plains; and Islands.  The Himalayas are one of the youngest fold mountain ranges in the world of tectonic origin and comprise mainly sedimentary rocks. They stretch from the Indus River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east. It consists of three parallel ranges such as Himadri (Greater Himalayas), Himachal (Lesser Himalaya), and Shiwaliks (Outer Himalaya).
  • 7.
     Himachal (LesserHimalaya): It has an average height of 3700-4500 m. The important ranges are Dhauladhar, Pir Panjal, Nag Tibba and Musoorie. Important hill resorts are Shimla, Ranikhet, Almora, Nainital and Darjiiling Valley plains and ‘Doon or Doar’ are special features of this range bordering the outer Himalayas.  Shiwaliks (Outer Himalaya): It is recent origin with an average elevation of 900-1200 m, giving a hogback appearance with relatively steeper slope towards the south.  Trans Himalayan Zones lies to the North of the Great Himalayas bordering Tibet. Some important ranges of this zone are Karakoram, Ladakh, and Zaskar. This is the largest snow field outside the polar region.
  • 8.
     The NorthernPlains are formed by the alluvial deposits brought by the rivers – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. These plains extend approximately 3,200 km from the east to the west. The average width of these plains varies between 150-300 km. The maximum depth of alluvium deposits varies between 1,000-2,000 m. From the north to the south, these can be divided into three major zones: the Bhabar, the Tarai and the alluvial plains.  The Indian Desert is located to the north-west of the Aravali hills lies the Great Indian Desert. It is a land of undulating topography dotted with longitudinal dunes and barchans. This region receives low rainfall below 150 mm per year; hence, it has an arid climate with low vegetation cover. It is because of these characteristic features that this is also known as Marusthali.
  • 11.
     The Plateauof India is roughly triangular in shape with its base parallel to the Ganga Valley and its apex pointing towards the southern tips of the country. It is hard old mass of igneous and metamorphic rocks being part of the tectonic plate called the Gondwanaland.  Peninsular Plateau is bordered by the Western Ghats in the west, Eastern Ghats in the east and the Satpura, Maikal range and Mahadeo hills in the north. Western Ghats are locally known by different names such as the Sahyadri in Maharashtra, Nilgiri hills in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and Anaimalai hills and Cardamom hills in Kerala.
  • 13.
     The EasternGhats Mountain Ranges are extending from Orissa to Tamil Nadu. It is more eroded than the Western Ghats. It is drained by the Godavari and the Krishna River. Vishakhapatnam Peak is the highest peak of this range. Mahendragiri is the second highest peak of this range.  The Western Ghat Mountain Range or Sahyadri Range is the India’s largest mountain range after the Himalayas, which extend from the Tapi river valley to the Nilgiri. It is divided into two parts- the North Sahyadri and the south Sahyadri. This range is the home of many hill stations like Matheran, Lonavala-Khandala, Mahabaleshwar, Panchgani, Amboli Ghat, Kudremukh and Kodagu.  The Western Ghats Coastal Plain extends from Surat to Kanyakumari which is divided into four parts: Gujarat Plain- Coastal area of Gujarat; Konkan Plain- between Daman and Goa; Kannad Plain- between Goa and Mangalore; and Malabar Plain- between Mangalore and Kanyakumari.
  • 16.
     The EasternCoastal Plains lies between the Eastern Ghats and the sea coast from the Subarnarekha River to Kanyakumari. As compared to the Western Coastal Plain It is wider because the rivers like Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri formed the delta over there. The continental shelf extends up to 500 km into the sea, which makes it difficult for the development of good ports and harbours. In Eastern Coastal plain, there is the Kolleru Lake which situated in the delta region of the Godavari and the Krishna Rivers. Chilka Lake and Pulicat Lake is the best example of lagoon which is also found in this region.  There are two major island groups in India – one in the Bay of Bengal and the other in the Arabian Sea.
  • 18.
     India has7,000 kilometers of seacoast with Bangladesh, Burma , Indonesia, Maldives, Pakistan, Sri Lanka , Thailand nations. India claims a twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea and an exclusive economic zone of 200 nautical miles. The territorial seas total 314,400 square kilometers.
  • 19.
     The Bayof Bengal island groups consists of about 572 islands/islets. These are situated roughly between 6°N-14°N and 92°E -94°E. The two principal groups of islets include the Ritchie’s archipelago and the Labyrinth Island. The entire group of island is divided into two broad categories – the Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south. They are separated by a water body which is called the 10° channel.  The islands of the Arabian Sea include Lakshadweep and Minicoy. These are scattered between 8°N-12°N and 71°E -74°E longitude. These islands are located at a distance of 280 km-480 km off the Kerala coast. The entire island group is built of coral deposits. There are approximately 36 islands, of which 11 are inhabited. Minicoy is the largest island with an area of 453 sq. km. The entire group of islands is broadly divided by the 11° channel, north of which is the Amini Island and to the south of the Canannore Island
  • 20.
    National Park  In1969, the IUCN declared a national park to be a relatively large area with the following defining characteristics:  One or several ecosystems not materially altered by human exploitation and occupation, where plant and animal species, geomorphological sites and habitats are of special scientific, educational, and recreational interest or which contain a natural landscape of great beauty;  Highest competent authority of the country has taken steps to prevent or eliminate exploitation or occupation as soon as possible in the whole area and to effectively enforce the respect of ecological, geomorphological, or aesthetic features which have led to its establishment; and  Visitors are allowed to enter, under special conditions, for inspirational, educative, cultural, and recreative purposes.  In 1971, these criteria were further expanded upon leading to more clear and defined benchmarks to evaluate a national park. These include:  Minimum size of 1,000 hectares within zones in which protection of nature takes precedence  Statutory legal protection  Budget and staff sufficient to provide sufficient effective protection  Prohibition of exploitation of natural resources (including the development of dams) qualified by such activities as sport, hunting, fishing, the need for management, facilities, etc.
  • 21.
    National Park With acount of 103 diverse National parks in India, India has the third highest number of national parks in Asia, after China and Thailand. There is immense variation in the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries in India including Tiger Reserves, Desert Sanctuary, Bird Sanctuary, Marine Parks and even a Floating National park!
  • 22.
    Kaziranga National Park "Home to the One Horned Rhino"  Kaziranga National Park Tourism  Home to two-thirds of the world's one horned rhinoceros population, this national park has been declared as a World Heritage Site.
  • 23.
    Jim Corbett NationalPark  "The oldest National Park in India"  Corbett National Park, set amidst the foothills of Himalayas, houses a variety of flora and fauna including rare ones such as tigers and is a treat for wildlife enthusiasts and photographers.  The oldest National Park in India, Jim Corbett National Park was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park and is home to the critically endangered species of the Royal Bengal Tiger. Located in the foothills of the Himalayas and along the banks of Ramaganga River. The Park is divided into 5 zones namely Bijrani, Dhikala, Jhirna, Domunda and Sonanandi and all of them have different gates. A visit to Corbett National Park is incomplete without a jungle safari, so make sure you go for a safari.
  • 24.
    Gir National Park-Gujarat "The land of Asiatic Lions"  Gir National Park is the only remaining home for the Asiatic Lions that are almost a definition to this park in Gujarat, which has a lot more to offer.  523 Lions.
  • 25.
    Bandhavgarh National Park-Madhya Pradesh "The Tiger's Den"  Formerly a hunting ground for the Maharajas of Rewa, this National Park is world-renowned as a tiger reserve.  The Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh is a beautiful forest with wildlife and vegetation in abundance. Bandhavgarh is known to have the highest density of Royal Bengal Tigers in the world
  • 26.
    Kanha National Park-MadhyaPradesh  "The land of Jungle Boo  A delightful town situated in the district of Mandla, Kanha National park is the haven of an exceptionally wide variety of wild animals, including the majestic creature tiger.. Located in a central region of Madhya Pradesh it is the largest National Park in central India and has been ranked as one of the best parks in Asia. Among the 22 species of large mammals, the royal Bengal tigers are a major attraction.  The park was established in the year 1955 and has since actively contributed to the preservation of many endangered species. The National Park was taken under the Project Tiger Reserve in 1974.
  • 27.
    Ranthambore National Park-Rajasthan "One of the best national parks of the country”  This is one of the best tiger reserves of the country, known to have "friendly" tigers and chances of sighting one here is reasonably better than many other tiger reserves of India.  Nestled in the foothills of Vindhya and Aravali Hills, Ranthambore is famous for its tiger reserves and the variety of flora and fauna found. The Ranthambore National Park, along with the Ranthambore Fort and the The Ranthambore Fort, built in the 10th century, stands tall over the entire National Park. Built by the Chauhan Dynasty, the Fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Located inside the fort is the majestic temple of Lord Ganesha, the Trinetra Ganesh Temple.
  • 28.
    Bandipur National Park-Karnataka "Tiger reserves in the Nilgiris"  Situated in the state of Karnataka, Bandipur National Park was once the hunting grounds of the Maharaja of Mysore. It was later established as a reserve in 1974, and these deciduous forests rich in wildlife and flora have become a popular tourist attraction since then.
  • 29.
    Periyar-Kerala  Periyar NationalPark, Thekkady  The Periyar National Park in Thekkady, Kerala, is one of the most bio- diverse regions in the world and the best-protected reserve area that one can lay eyes on in India. Famous for its gorgeousness, greenery and stillness, the park is the dwelling place of abundant significant species, including the royal tigers and majestic elephants apart from other reptiles, fishes and birds.
  • 30.
    Sunderbans-West Bengal  Homeof the Bengal Tigers"  Sundarbans  Known for hosting the biggest mangrove forests in the world, Sundarbans National Park is located in West Bengal, India. It is also a Tiger Reserve and a Biosphere reserve that provides a complete nature's circle to the tourist right from 'Royal Bengal tigers' to roaring rivers and beautiful estuaries. Sundarbans National Park is a part of Sundarban delta that is covered with Mangrove Forest and the largest population of the Bengal Tigers. It is a UNESCO world heritage site with a large variety of birds and reptiles including salt-water crocodile.  Shared between India and Bangladesh, the Sundarbans meaning beautiful forest, have been declared a UNESCO heritage site.
  • 33.
     It isa declared Tiger Reserve, home to the Royal Bengal Tiger- an almost extinct species who swim in the saline water and are often man-eating varieties. Other endangered species in the Bioreserve are Batagur baska, King Crabs, Olive Ridley and Turtle.
  • 34.
    Tadabo- Maharashtra  Theland of Tigers in Maharashtra"  Tadoba National Park Tourism  Famous for its natural heritage, Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve is definitely one of India's most exciting and best protected Tiger Reserve, with most visible tiger sightings in the state of Maharashtra  Tadoba national park is located in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra.
  • 35.
    Manas National Park-Assam "Natural World Heritage  Manas National Park is a UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project Tiger Reserve, an Elephant Reserve and a Biosphere Reserve in Assam. The only tiger reserve in Assam and also famous for the rare golden langur and the red panda, Manas is one of the best-kept national parks in India.  It's home to India's second-largest tiger population. It is also famous for its population of the Wild water buffalo. Manas harbours the maximum number of endangered species from India as listed in the IUCN Red Book.
  • 36.
    Keoladeo National Park-Rajasthan "The Bird Haven"  Often referred as the 'Eastern Gate of Rajasthan', Bharatpur is located in the Braj region of state Rajasthan.  The Bharatpur National Park, better known as Keoladeo National Park, is a beautiful bird sanctuary. Named after the Keoladeo temple located in its enclosure, the place was set up as a national park on 10th March 1982. It is a wetland, made and managed to protect the Bharatpur region from frequent floods. Declared a World Heritage Site of UNESCO,
  • 37.
    Bannerghatta National Park-Karnataka Located 22 km away from Bangalore, the Bannerghatta National Park is an asylum for a large variety of flora and fauna. Spread over a massive area of around 104.27 sq. km, this national park was established in the year 1971. of Anekal Range of the Bangalore Forest Division, an aquarium, a zoo, Children's park, Crocodile Farm, Snake Park, Prehistoric Animals' Park and a museum. What's more,
  • 38.
    Mahatma Gandhi MarineNational Park-Andaman & Nicobar Islands  Located on the south-western coast of the Andaman Islands, Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park or Wandur National Park is a marine life conservation area situated at a distance of 25 km from the capital city of Port Blair. The wildlife sanctuary consists of a group of 12 islands which are situated in a labyrinthine shape and are home to some of the most exquisite marine life in the world including corals and resting sea turtles among other species.  Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park was established in the year 1983 in order to conserve the marine life of the area.
  • 40.
    Great Himalayan NationalPark-Kullu  Great Himalayan National Park, Kullu  Great Himalayan National Park is one of India's national parks, which is located in Kullu region of Himachal Pradesh. Surrounded on all the three sides by the Himalayan Mountains, the park is home to diverse wildlife species. The Great Himalayan National Park received the status of a national park in 1999. At present, it is home to more than 375 species of fauna, 31 species of mammals and 181 species of birds. This beautiful location of the national park becomes all the more attractive due to the Deodar and Oak trees.
  • 42.
    Sanjay Gandhi NationalPark-Mumbai  Squeezed between the two suburbs of Mumbai and Thane, Sanjay Gandhi National Park is ideal for picnics and weekend getaways offering respite from the chaos and buzz of the city. Kanheri caves, which are more than two thousand years old are also a major tourist attraction inside the park premises. The caves have been carved out of the rocky cliffs.  The Sanjay Gandhi National Park, previously known as the Borivali National Park
  • 43.
    Pench National Park-MadhyaPradesh  "The inspiration for 'The Jungle Book'"  Pench National Park Tourism  With the majestic Pench river flowing through the greens and a variety of wildlife to be spotted in the rocky terrains, Pench National Park served as an inspiration for the famous novel 'The Jungle Book'.  Home to a variety of flora and fauna, Pench is one of the most popular national parks in the Central India. The serene surroundings of rich woody forests with the occasional sightings of wild animals make this national park an ideal tourist spot. More than 1300 species of plant species have been traced at Pench National Park, most of which consist of some of the dying and endangered plants. with the river flowing in the midst of the national park,
  • 45.
    Rajaji National Park-Uttarakhand Famous for its wildlife, especially for tigers and elephants, Rajaji National Park has recently received the status of a Tiger Reserve by the Government of India. Named in the honour or C. Rajagopalchari, this national park spreads over 3 districts of Uttarakhand including Dehradun, Haridwar and Pauri Garhwal. This area is also enriched with valuable fossils which date back to as old as 10 million years old. The forest area is popular for Sal, Teak and other shrubs. You should explore the wilderness and rich diversity of Himalayan lives here with a Jeep Safari or Elephant Safari organised by the Forest Department, the 34 km jungle track is a major attraction here. You can spot Asian Elephants, Tiger and King Cobra, Panther, Bear, Chital, Sambar, Wild Boar, Kakar, Python, Monitor Lizard, Wild Cats.
  • 47.
    Silent Valley NationalPark-Kerala  Silent Valley National Park, Palakkad Overview  The Silent Valley National Park, with its lush green forests and beautiful views of the rich flora and fauna, is a popular destination for nature as well as wildlife lovers all across the globe. Spread across an area of 89 square kilometres, the Silent Valley National Park is located in the Kundali Hills of the Western Ghats in Kerala in southern India. With its long, detailed history and the unique status of a rainforest, this national park is indeed a sight to visit. The well-planned Safari and the beautiful stop-overs around the park only make a trip to this part of Kerala more worthwhile.
  • 49.
    Dudhwa National Park-UttarPradesh  Dudhwa National Park Tourism  Nestled in the Lakhimpur-Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh on Indo-Nepal border, Dudhwa National Park is all about wildlife, nature and diversity and is a perfect getaway for nature buffs and wildlife lovers.  The place inhabits plethora of rare and endangered species including Tiger, Hispid hare, Swamp deer, Bengal Florican and Leopard etc. Dudhwa Tiger Reserve is one of the finest tiger reserves where one can also witness the spellbinding herds of Barasingha in the grassy wetlands.
  • 51.
    Panna National Park-MadhyaPradesh  Panna National Park, Panna  The 22nd tiger reserve of India and the fifth in the state of Madhya Pradesh, Pana National Park is located in Panna and Chhatarpur districts. Known worldwide for its plentiful wildlife and avifauna, Panna Tiger Reserve was found as the best managed and maintained national park of India by the Ministry of Tourism of India.
  • 52.
    Nameri National Park-Assam An exciting Himalayan foothill"  Nameri national park is famous for its elephants and other animals including tigers, leopards, gaurs, wild pigs, sambars, etc. and also for being a bird watchers paradise.
  • 53.
    Madumalai National Park-TamilNadu Madumalai National Park, Mudumalai National Park  It was established way back in 1940 and was the first national park of Southern India. You can expect to see a variety of animals here including tigers, leopards, striped hyenas, dholes, sloth bears, Asian elephants, and Golden Jackals.  The crested hawk-eagle, the crested serpent eagle, the Malabar Trojan, and the Malabar grey hornbill are also spotter here and hence many bord watchers flock to Mudumalai National Park.
  • 54.
    Eravikulum National Park-Kerala Eravikulam National Park, Munnar  Located a 45 - minute drive away from Munnar, the Eravikulam National Park houses a rich and diverse variety of flora and fauna and is a UNESCO world heritage site. Also known as Rajamalai Wildlife Sanctuary. The control was taken over by the Karnataka Government in 1971, and it was declared a national park in 1978. Elephant, Nilgiri langur, Nilgiri marten, Atlas moth (largest in the world), lion-tailed macaque, small- clawed otter and a rare tiger or leopard are some of the main animal species that can be spotted here.  The Eravikulam National park is famous for housing the endangered mountain goat of South India, the Nilgiri Tahr.
  • 56.
    Kudremukh National Park-Karnataka Kudremukh National Park, Kudremukh  Located in the midst of mountains, Kudremukh National Park is popular for its scenic beauty. Designated the status of a national park in the year 1987, the 600-kilometre square area is one of the most well preserved national parks in the state. The Kudremukh National Park is jewelled with natural beauty, high rising peaks studded with a plethora of flora and fauna to picturesque trekking routes overseeing verdant grasslands, there is much to experience here! The wildlife protected area is the second largest belonging to a tropical wet evergreen forest in the zone of the Western Ghats.
  • 58.
    Pin Valley NationalPark-Himachal Pradesh  Pin Valley National Park, Spiti Valley  Set amidst semi-frozen rivers in the Pin Valley, the Pin Valley National Park is situated in the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve situated in the Lahaul and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh. The elevation of the park ranges from about 3,500 metres near Ka Dogri to more than 6,000 metres at its pinnacle.
  • 60.
    Gorumala National Park-WestBengal  Gorumara National Park, Lataguri  Situated on the banks of rivers Murti and Raidak in the Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal,. Full of riverine grasslands and moist deciduous forests, the place is especially famous for its Asiatic one-horned rhino, and also houses many other mammals, reptiles, insects and birds, including the majestic Asian elephants, the royal Bengal tigers and the Great Indian Hornbill.
  • 62.
    Orang National Park-Assam "Home to the Orang National Park"  With one of the oldest game reserves of the state, The Orang National park located on the shores of river Brahmaputra, can be an exciting little bit of Assam with a huge variety of fauna finding its habitat here.
  • 64.
    Vansda National Park-Gujarat Vansda National park, Saputara  Tucked in between the Sahyadri ranges, lies this conserved wildlife park spanning over an area of about 24 sq kilometres. It got its name as Vansda because it was once privately owned by the Maharaja of Vansda. Not a single tree has been cut since then. Owing to this, in some places, the canopies are so thick that sunlight does not pass through. It is an open park, and you can easily get a permit if you want to explore it in your own vehicle.
  • 66.
    Dibru National Park-Assam Bird-watchers Paradise"  Dibru Saikhowa National Park  Dibru Saikhowa National Park is one of those places which boast of a rich collection of flora and fauna, many of them endangered. It is one of the few remaining protected sites in the Endemic Bird Area of the Assamese Plains.  Dibru Saikhowa National Park is a river island national park and one of the 19 biodiversity hotspots in the world. This National Park is situated 12 km north of Tinsukia in Assam.
  • 68.
    Simipal National Park-Odissa "Largest Wildlife Sanctuary of India"  Simlipal National Park, Baripada  Reflecting the natural beauty of an era gone by, Simlipal National Park is in a beautiful and scenic town in Odisha. Situated in Mayurbhanj, it once used to be a hunting ground for the rulers of the province. Simlipal is the largest wildlife sanctuary in India and is also considered as one of the principal tiger projects in India. The area is rich with dense forests, striking meadows, startling waterfalls and beautiful rivers. It is blessed with great bio-diversity and huge varieties of fauna that make it a great place to engage in wildlife sightseeing! Simlipal Reserve is home to more than 1000 varieties of plants. It has around 96 species of orchids that are endemic to the forest. Baripada is the nearest town to Simlipal and can be considered a gateway to the same.
  • 70.
    Hazaribagh National Park-Jharkhand Located in the state of Jharkhand, the Hazaribagh National Park is one of the oldest wildlife sanctuaries in India. It was established in 1954 with an objective of conserving wildlife and providing a home for rare and endangered species of flora and fauna. The landscape is full of steep hills, spectacular countryside, thick tropical forest and lovely meadows. The Hazaribagh National Park is located at a distance of 19 km from Hazaribagh and 135 km away from Ranchi. The best part about visiting this national park and wildlife sanctuary is that all its interiors are very well- connected by internal roads of 111 km that are constructed in such a way that animals do not get obstructed as they go about their daily business.
  • 72.
    Betla National Park-Jharkhand Betla National Park, Netarhat  Betla National Park is a beautiful national park which is spread over the hilly terrain of the attractive Palamau district, west of Ranchi In Jharkhand. Wild elephants wander without restraints in the thickets of the forest and the flora and fauna are enough to mesmerize any visitor. Betla stands as an acronym for Bison, Elephant, Tiger, Leopard and Axis. What makes this park stand out from the rest is the presence of two forts inside its premises. The primary attractions here is observing wildlife from a close range.
  • 74.
    Singalla National Park-WestBengal  Singalila National Park, Darjeeling  Located at an altitude of more than 7000 feet above the sea in the Singalila range, the Singalila National Park is the highest national park in West Bengal. Initially, a wildlife sanctuary, the national park encompasses a beautiful, 78.60 sq km land of virgin rhododendron forests, alpine valley and rare species of animals and orchids. It is most famous for the breathtakingly mind-stirring view of the Himalayan peak that it offers, providing a panoramic view of the gigantic Himalayas from Nepal to Sikkimand up to Bhutan. Singalila is home to the very rare and exotic Red panda and the Himalayan black bear.
  • 76.
    Namdapha National Park-Arunachal Pradesh Namdapha National Park, Itanagar  The third largest national park in the country, area-wise, Namdapha National Park is located in Arunachal Pradesh. It is here that you can spot species such as Snow Leopard, Clouded Leopard, Leopard, and Tiger. Namdapha National Park is located at a mere distance of 160 km from the capital of Assam, i.e. Dibrugarh and is well-connected by a network of roads up till Miao, which is its getaway.
  • 77.
    Dachigam National Park-J&K Dachigam National Park  The park is best known for having the rarest of species - the hangul, or Kashmir stag.
  • 78.
    Balpakram National Park-Meghalaya Balpakram National Park, Tura  Located near the Garo Hills in Meghalaya in India about 3,000 feet above the sea level, the Balpakram National Park is a famous national park which is well known for its pristine beauty. The word Balpakram means the 'land of perpetual winds', and the national park is blessed with charming grace and breathtaking scenes.
  • 79.
    Buxa Tiger Reserve-WestBengal  Buxa Tiger Reserve, Rajabhatkhawa  Adorning the northeastern corner of West Bengal, bordering Bhutan and Assam, Buxa Tiger Reserve was set up at on 16th February 1983 and was then, the 15th tiger reserve of the country. The forest constituting the Buxa Tiger Reserve is the largest in the Dooars - the Alluvial floodplains of Northeast India. Spanning over a whopping 759 sq. km., this tiger reserve is irrigated by several rivers and their tributaries. It boasts of a diverse and breathtaking landscape. In fact, because of the rocky terrain, many parts of the forest in the Buxa hills that lie in the Sinchula Range are inaccessible even by the authorities,
  • 81.
    Hemis-J&K  Hemis HighAltitude Wildlife Sanctuary, Hemis  At an altitude ranging from 3,300 m to 6,000 m above sea level, this sanctuary is known to be the highest in the world as well as the largest park of South Asia. It is also a habitat to the rare Snow Leopards.
  • 83.
    Keibul Lamjao NationalPark-Manipur  Keibul Lamjao National Park, Imphal  Keibul Lamjao National Park, the only floating national park in the world, is located in the north-east Indian state of Manipur. It lies in the district of Bishnupur and is a vital part of Loktak Lake. The fact that it is a floating island is a unique feature that attracts nature enthusiasts and researchers from all over the world. This aspect of nature is magical and can only be seen only here, in Imphal.
  • 85.
    Kanchenjunga National Park-Sikkim Kanchenjunga National Park, West Sikkim  Named after the third highest mountain peak in the world, and nestled in the lap of the mighty Himalayas in North of Sikkim is the Kanchenjunga National Park. Included recently in UNESCO's world heritage sites, it is a rare high altitude national park and the first "Mixed-Heritage" site of the country. Also spelt as Khangchendzonga National Park, at an elevation of 8586 meters, it lies partly in Nepal and partly in Sikkim. Unique in biodiversity, this place is a paradise for trekking with a diverse landscape and breathtaking views.
  • 87.
    Madhav National Park-Madhya Pradesh Madhav National Park, Shivpuri  Spread over a sprawling area of 157 sq km in the district of Shivpuri, is the Madhav National Park. It is one of the major wildlife parks in the district.  Blessed with perennial carpeting of the conifers and the squeaky cleanliness in air, this park boasts of some of the most exquisite species like the little Chinkara, the Indian gazelle, and the Chital, Nilgai, Sambar, Chausingha or four-horned Antelope, Blackbuck, Sloth Bear, Leopard and the omnipresent common Langur.
  • 90.