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Similar to Nationalism & Revolutions 1800s
Nationalism & Revolutions 1800s
- 1. Revolutions and UnificationEurope from 1815-1850
- 2. Revolutions of 1830& 1848 Revolutions break out in many nations Caused by Liberals wanting changes Industrial Revolution – low wage workers wanting changes Intellectuals (teachers) wanting changes Nationalism – people want to create new countries for their ethnic groups / nationalities
- 3. Revolutions of 1830& 1848 Almost all of these revolutions are unsuccessful Liberal Revolutionaries can not agree on their goals Conservatives are unified / more organized – thus monarchs stay in power
- 4. Lets look atsome examples France – 1815-1850
- 5. France After Congressof Vienna Louis XVIII installed as new king of France Conservative – but also a realist Agreed to keep French Parliament / Limited Monarchy Nobody Happy Liberals say he is not liberal enough Conservatives want to go back to an Absolute Monarch
- 6. Charles X Takesover after Louis XVIII dies in 1824 Even more conservative than Louis Wants an Absolute Monarchy again Gets rid of Parliament 1830 Passes the July Ordinances No freedom of press Restrictions on rights to vote Liberals revolt against the July Ordinances Charles forced to flee to England
- 7. Louis Phillip “TheBourgeoisie Monarch” Presents himself as more liberal In reality, he must keep the support of conservatives. Favors the wealthy / Upper middle class Middle class gets right to vote Against Socialism 1848 – Liberals revolt – Led by Socialists Factory Workers and Intellectuals (Professors)
- 8. Louis Blanc 1848- comes to power Only lasts a few months Socialist Establishes “workhouses” Government controlled businesses Everyone guaranteed a job “ Busywork” type of jobs Must raise taxes to pay for these workhouses Middle Class (conservatives) revolts Louis Flees to England
- 9. Louis Napoleon Nephewof Napoleon Bonaparte Takes advantage of the family name Elected, sets himself up as Emperor – just like his old uncle did Passed some reforms Male suffrage (voting) Promotes railroads and work programs Cracks down on dissent (disagreement) Censors newspapers, professors, Outlaws other political parties
- 10. Louis Napoleon Triesto make France great again Gains colonies in North and West Africa Builds Suez Canal Tries to gain Mexico Unsuccessful Gets involved in Crimean War against Russia Does not get much out of it Ends up in a war with Prussia in 1870 Franco-Prussian War Disaster for France Loses Alsace and Lorraine territories
- 11. Next Up -Germany From 1815-1870 green book p 464-465, 537-540
- 12. Germany in 1815There is no Germany in 1815 Just a collection of independent German kingdoms and principalities and baronies Prussia is the largest and most powerful German kingdom German states organized into a loose Confederation under the supervision of Austria
- 13. Obstacles to GermanUnity Austria, France and Russia all feared a unified German would be a powerful threat Smaller German states feared a unified Germany would mean Prussian control Catholic German states in the south feared Protestant Lutheran states in the north would dominate
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- 16. Prussian Leadership Astrong Prussian Army dominated the German states Junkers (wealthy German Nobles) and Capitalists (businessmen) dominated the German Parliament Prussian ownership of the Ruhr and its coal fields fueled the economic growth of Prussia during the Industrial Revolution
- 17. Prussian Leadership continuedPrussia was an authoritarian state. Believed in Militarism Strong army Army would carry out the needs of the government
- 18. Germany 1848 Liberalsdemand reforms. Constitution Workers rights Revolt suppressed by Fredrick Wilhelm IV – emperor of Prussia 1849 – German Parliament tries to unify German States into one country Offer the crown of the new Germany to Fredrick Wilhelm IV. He turns them down and disbands Parliament German unification put on hold
- 19. Prussia under Bismarck1860s – Prussia led by Otto von Bismarck Prime minister of Prussia Unite Germany with “Blood and Iron” Believed in “Realpolitik” Politics of reality – not idealism. Best way to unify people? A good old fashioned war
- 20. Franco – PrussianWar Both Prussia and France saw war as a great way of uniting their populations in a common cause Fought over – of all things- who should be king of Spain. (go figure) Prussia wins big time Emperor William I named Kaiser of a united Germany – dominated by Prussia Bismarck turns Germany into an efficient, military and industrial giant.
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- 22. Italy in early1800s Obstacles to Unity Italy is a collection of separate kingdoms Most kingdoms ruled by outside powers Naples – Spain Venice & Lombardy – Austria Papal states – Pope / Church
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- 24. The Leaders GiuseppeMazzini The “soul” of Italian unity Leads a secret nationalistic movement “ Young Italy Society” Wanted unified Italy Wanted Italy to be a democracy / republic Viktor Emmanuel II and Camillo Cavour Led the “Resorgimento” (revival) Cavour is the “brains” behind the operation King Victor Emmanuel is the “Heart”
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- 26. 1848 Revolution Kingdomof Piedmont and Sardinia stood up to Austria Fought Austria to aid other Italian states under control of Austria Lost – but gained the respect of all Italians King of Piedmont forced out, but his son Viktor Emmanuel II and Cavour step in to take over – good move
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- 28. 1859 Things lookingup France and Austria go to war. Piedmont, allies with France. When France wins, Piedmont gets Lombardy from Austria. Piedmont now seen as most influential Italian kingdom. People in other kingdoms rise up and join Piedmont. Tuscany, Modena, Parma
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- 30. Enter Garibaldi GiuseppeGaribaldi The “Sword” of Italian unity Formed a volunteer army of nationalists “ 1,000 Red Shirts” Sailed to Sicily and took it over. Sailed to Southern Italy Moved up through Italy conquering and unifying Ended up unifying nearly all of Italy
- 31. Garibaldi continued Goodgeneral, lousy politician – and he knew it. After unifying most of Italy, he turned control over to Viktor Emmanuel. Knew Emmanuel was a better politician who could lead all of Italy Not all is perfect – but Italy is beginning to look like the Italy we know today
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