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Ndds 10 pulmonary drug delivery system
This document summarizes pulmonary drug delivery systems. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the lungs and factors that affect drug deposition. It describes advantages like direct delivery to the site of action that reduces needed doses. Current technologies discussed include nebulizers, pressurized metered-dose inhalers, and dry powder inhalers. Challenges from mucus, clearance and barriers are addressed. The conclusion is that pulmonary delivery directly targets lungs for local and systemic effects, though modifications are still needed to overcome physiological limitations.
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Ndds 10 pulmonary drug delivery system
- 1. 1 PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERYSYSTEM PREPARED BY: PROF. SHASHANK CHAURASIYA BANSAL COLLEGE OF PHARMAY, BHOPAL 1
- 2. Introduction Objective Anatomy & physiology of lungs Factors affecting on pulmonary drug delivery system Advantages & disadvantages Applications Aerosols Mechanism of pulmonary absorption Current technologies Drugs given by pulmonary route: Conclusion 22
- 3. Pulmonary drug deliveryis primarily used to treat conditions of the airways, delivering locally acting drugs directly to their site of action. Delivery of drugs directly to their site of action reduces the dose needed to produce a pharmacological effect. As the lung is able to absorb both water and oil into the tissue, this is not a restriction of pulmonary delivery. Carriers like micro particles, nanoparticles, liposomes can be used in lung targeting 33
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- 5. Increasing the inspiratoryflow rate (IFR) will enhance deposition 5 PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS PARTICLE DEPOSITION IN THE AIRWAYS Lung morphology shortest average pathlength will show greatest peripheral deposition. Oral vs Nasal breathing In nose breathing particles are deposited in the nose and pharynx, Hence for pulmonary drug delivery, the aerosols are inhaled via the mouth. Inspiratory flowrate 5
- 6. 6 volume of airinhaled in one breath, the “Tidal volume”. Breathholding Increasing the time between the end of inspiration and the start of exhalation increases the time for sedimentation to occur. Disease state Bronchial obstruction result in localized deposition in the larger airways of the TB region. 6
- 7. 7 Sizeand Density Less than5 µm sutable & densities of 0.4 g cm−3 are efficiently deposited in the lungs. Shape •Particles which are non-spherical will have at least one physical dimension which is greater than the aerodynamic diameter.Particle shape should be uniform. Density Large porous particles with physical diameters of 20 μm and Physical stability DPIs may be hygroscopic and,99.5% RH 37 0C greater chance of being prematurely deposited. 7
- 8. 8 Mucus barrier The firstbarrier •The thickness of the mucus layer; •Mucus viscosity •Molecular size of the drug—for THE binding molecules to mucus glycoproteins via electrostatic interactions increase contact time Alveolar clearance The uptake of particles by alveolar macrophages is a fairly rapid process clearance
- 9. The mucus notexist as a stagnant layer but is constantly being propelled along the TB airways by the rhythmic beating of cilia on epithelial cells, Drug entrapped in the mucus will be removed from the TB region via mucociliary clearance within a few hours after being deposited. 9 Fig. Process of mucocillary clearance
- 10. 10 Area & Absorptionbarrier thicknes The surface area of the airways is approximately 140 m2, greater surface area the absorption of the drug. •The lung receives 100% of the cardiac output via a network of fine capillaries. •This rich blood supply which promotes rapid gaseous exchange is also beneficial for systemic drug delivery. Blood Supply
- 11. Mechanism of Pulmonarydrugabsorption Drug Transcellular Transport Lipophilic Drug Absorbed Paracellular Transport Hydrophilic Drug Absorbed 11
- 12. 12 •low dose needdue to targeted action because of that reduced systemic side-effects • Rapid onset of action; • Avoidance of gastrointestinal upset; • Avoidance of intestinal and hepatic first-pass metabolism. •Nasal drug delivery is attractive not because it is BETTER than injectable •It used when a drug is poorly absorbed orally e.g. Na cromoglicate. Advantages
- 13. 13 •Various factors affectthe reproducibility of drug delivery to the lungs, including physiological and pharmaceutical (device, formulation) variables. •limited absorbtion due to physical barrier of the mucus layer and the interactions of drugs with mucus. •Mucociliary clearance reduces the retention time of drugs within the lungs. Disadvantages
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- 18. CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES FORPULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY Currently there are three principal categories of aerosol generator employed in inhalation therapy: • Nebulizer; • Pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pmdi); • Dry powder inhaler (DPI). 18
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- 21. 21 Nebulizer Definition : Drugsolution is drawn from the reservoir up the capillary as a result of the region of negative pressure created by the compressed air passing over the open end of the capillary (Venturi effect). Air jet Nebulizer
- 22. 22 These nebulizers relyon a transducer made from a piezo-electric crystal which produces high frequency sound waves in the liquid. The waves give rise to vertical capillaries of liquid (“fountains”) which, when the amplitude of the energy applied is sufficient, break up to provide an aerosol. Ultrasonic Nebulizer
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- 24. 24 •For successful deliveryof drug particles into the lung requires that particle size should be controlled to <5 μm •The problems associated with particle size is to use a carrier particle such as lactose. (usually 20–100 μm) Spinhaler Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs)
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- 27. 27 1. Container 2. Meteringvalve 3. An elastomer seal 4. The actuator 5. propellant Pressurized Metered Dose Inhalation Devices
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- 32. PDDS used becouseof limition associsted with the conventional treatment of verious chronic disease In this DDS directly act to lung and get systemic and local effect Modification in PDDS keep going on to modify release profile to over come limitation associate Physicochemical barrier 32 Conclusion
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