Net Effectiveness Oct 6

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BeijingCambridgeChicagoDelhiDubaiHong KongJohannesburgLondonLos AngelesMadridManilaMoscowNetworkEffectiveness: An Interactive Working Session for Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights and Justice LeadersOctober 6, 2009Diana Scearce ([email protected])MumbaiMunichNew YorkPalo AltoParisSan FranciscoSão PauloSeoulShanghaiSingaporeTokyoTorontoThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.Zurich

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Network Basics

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Networks Are Changingthe Way the World WorksSource for Network Graphic: orgnet.com

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Obama Used Networksto Mobilize 13 M Supporters“One of my fundamental beliefs…is that real change comes from the bottom up. And there’s no more powerful tool for grass-roots organizing than the Internet.”Barack Obama Obama Administration Experimenting with Gov. 2.0“We live in an age of democratic experimentation — both in our official institutions and in the many informal ways in which the public is consulted”James Fishkin, Stanford political scientistSource: Whitehouse.gov; NY Times

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Twitter “Emboldened” IranianElection Protesters “If anyone had questions about the power of citizen media, those questions were answered by the Iran protests.”HamidTehrani (Iran editor for Global Voices)Source: ethanzuckerman.com/blog Twitter, youTube Time Magazine

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We’re Witnessing theDeath of Old Models…“While newspaper circulation has long been in decline, the latest figures show the drop is accelerating…Weekday circulation declined 7.1% for the six months that ended March 31, compared with the previous year.”New York Times, April 27,2009…And New Models Are Emerging

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The Way OurWork Gets Done Is Changing

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Nonprofits Need toFind Ways to Scale ImpactIncreasing Number of NonprofitsMore Competition for ResourcesMany Nonprofits Not at Scale82% of nonprofits operate on annual budgets of under $1 millionNetworks are oneanswerSources: “Index of National Fundraising Performance, 2009 First Calendar Quarter Results”, Target Analytics, 2009, Alliance Trends. “The Non-Profit Sector in Brief,” National Center for Charitable Statistics, 2008.

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What are networks?Groupsof individuals or organizations connected through meaningful relationships.

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We’re most interestedin networks with…Many participantsAbility to self-organize Fueled by new technologiesSource of photo: http://www.midnightpoutine.ca/archives/flashmob1.jpg

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Networks Have BeenAround for a Long Time…

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There Are NewTechnologies for Sharing Content……and new online spaces for building relationships

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Advances in theScience of Networks and ComplexitySource for Network Graphic: orgnet.com“If someone tells you that you can influence 1,000 people, it changes your way of seeing the world.”Dr. James Fowler Combined with Established Practices for Engaging GroupsSource for Network Graphic: orgnet.com

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The Result =“Working Wikily”“… wikis and other social media tools are engendering a new, networked mindset—a way of working wikily—that is characterized by principles of openness, transparency, decentralized decision-making, and distributed action. " - Working Wikily 2.0Source for Network Graphic: orgnet.com

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What Do WeMean by “Working Wikily”?Established Ways of WorkingWorking WikilyCentralized

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Firmly controlled

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Planned

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Proprietary

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One-way communicationDecentralized

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Loosely controlled

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Emergent

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Public

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Two-way conversationWhere areyou on these continuums? The answer will be different for different situations

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Working Wikily CanAddress Diverse ChallengesWorking Wikily PotentialProblemIsolation

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Unmet needs

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Lack of power

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Duplication and fragmentationof effort

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Lack of sharedknowledge

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Untapped talent andwisdom

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Suboptimal impact andchallenges with growth

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Build community

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Engage people

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Advocate for policychange

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Coordinate resources andservices

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Develop and shareknowledge

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Innovate

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Get to scaleBuildCommunity2008:22,000 Members attending each week1980:205 Members

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Engage People2008: 400,000Volunteers in 104 Countries1985:Single-site Effort in US

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Advocate for PolicyChange 2008: 3.2 Million Members1998: Email to100 friends

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Coordinate Resources andServicesTotal Loans2009: $66 millionTotal Loans2006: $1 million

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Develop and ShareKnowledge14 Countries1,300 Trained VolunteersInteragency Program Integrated Fire Management

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Innovate“Open Sourcing SocialSolutions”Internal, Proprietary R&D Labs

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- EGYPT- Getto Scale…transformingcommunities through collaborations to address root causes of poverty and homelessnessTypical HFH country programs produce 200 houses each yearIn Egypt, HFH builds 1,000 houses a year, on averageSource: Jane Wei-Skillern and Kerry Herman, “Habitat for Humanity—Egypt,” Harvard Business School Cases, October 3, 2006.

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Working Wikily Isn’tEasy…Common Challenges: Communicating the value of networks

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Designing and catalyzingnetworks

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Determining network boundaries

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Building trust amongparticipants

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Participant engagement andcommunications

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Managing and adaptingto evolution and growth

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Tracking and evaluatingimpactSource for Network Graphic: orgnet.com

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Eight Lessons We’reLearning About “Working Wikily”Design your experiments around a problem to solve, not the toolsExperiment a lot, invest in understanding what works and what doesn’t, and make only new mistakesSet appropriate expectations for time and effort requiredPrioritize human elements like trust and funUnderstand your position within networksand act on this knowledgePush power to the edgesBalance bottom-up and top-down strategies for organizing people and effortBe open and transparent; share what you are doing and learning as a matter of course

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Understanding Your NetworkSourcefor Network Graphic: orgnet.com

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How Are NetworksStructured?

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PeripheryClusterLinkNodeCoreHubA Few HelpfulDefinitions

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Network Structures CanTake Many FormsSource for Network Graphics: orgnet.com

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A Typology ofOrganizing StructuresCentralizedNonprofit organizations (without explicit network structure)

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Membership organizations (Organizationswith network component)

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Nonprofits with explicitnetwork strategy and structure

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Coalition / Alliance(network of organizations)

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Networks of networks

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Ad hoc networksDecentralizedNote:These categories often overlap. Most of the examples fit in to multiple categories.Developed from: Plastrik, Taylor, “Net Gains,” (2006); Anklam, “Net Work,” (2007); Krebs, Holley. “Building Smart Communities,” (2006).Source for Network Graphics: orgnet.com

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Nonprofits without ExplicitNetwork StructureGood for: Speed of execution, efficiency

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Quality control,reliability

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Service-delivery

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AccountabilityMembership OrganizationsGoodfor:Engaging, mobilizing large groups

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Fundraising

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Question: Is thenature of membership changing?Good for:Coordination of activity

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Controlled knowledge transfer

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Resource sharingNonprofits withExplicit Network Structure (Hub-Spoke)

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Good for:Rapid diffusionof knowledge

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Rapid mobilization

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Efficient access toknowledge or local relationshipsNonprofits with Explicit Network Structure (Multi-Hub)

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Good for:Complex coordination& co-creation

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Contained knowledge transfer

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Organizing around jointgoalsCoalition / Alliance

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Good for:Innovation

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Environment scanning

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Movement building

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Resilient & adaptiveactionNetworks of Networks—Organizations Source for Network Graphic: orgnet.com

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Good for:Connecting people/info across networks

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Spontaneous, quick action

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Aggregating small gifts/actionsAd Hoc Networks—Individuals Source for Network Graphic: orgnet.com

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How do movementsand campaigns relate to networks?MovementCampaignNetworkA large, informal grouping that brings people together around shared values, provides structure and strategy for collective action, results in ‘new rules’An organized effort conducted by one group, which attempts to persuade others to accept, modify, or abandon certain ideas, attitudes, practices, or behavior Groups of individuals or organizations connected through meaningful relationshipsChoose Justice: Campaign to Protect RoePro-Choice MovementSources: Movement def’n- LokmanTsui on Marshall Ganz (www.lokman.org). Campaign def’n- Kotter Philip, Ned Roberto and Nancy Lee. Social Marketing: Improving the Quality of Life. Movement image - commondreams.org. Network graphics: orgnet.com

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Social Network Mapping:A Tool for Visualizing Your Network

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What’s Possible fromNetwork Mapping?Visualize the network: see connections within the system

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Make visible networkresources, and see flow of resources

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Spark strategic conversationamong participants

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Assess the “health”of a network, diagnose

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Assess change innetwork over timeSource for Network Graphic: June Holley

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Network Mapping CanBe Simple and Low-Tech…Source: June Holley

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…Or More High-Tech

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How Is NetworkMapping Done?Validate &DiscussResultsIdentifyNextStepsCollectDataAnalyzeDataFrame the ProblemGoal

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Problem/ Opportunity

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Hypotheses

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Who/Boundaries

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Relationships/Flows

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Demographics

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Surveys

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Interviews

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Focus groups

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Data mining

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Specialized network mappingsoftware helps to understand data:

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Visually (Maps)

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Quantitatively (Metrics)

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Preliminary review

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One-on-one interviews

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Interactive feedback session

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Formal presentation

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Planning

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Training

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Organizational Changes

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Specific interventionsFollow upFrameworkdeveloped by Roberto Cremonini, Barr Foundation

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Using Network Mapsto Increase Service Coordination

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Identified community tomap; bounded the network

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Sent out surveyto collect data; entered data into software

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Produced maps withability to sort by inputs; gathered missing data

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Analyzed maps toidentify network development opportunities

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Group continues tomeet; on-going network coachingProcess Used to Map the Youth Development Network

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Network by OrganizationTypeGovernmentFoundationNon-ProfitFor-ProfitSchoolUnknownReligiousOtherMaps Were Used to Analyze the NetworkA map of the different networks shows fairly loose connections

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Now, you’re goingto map your networksChoose which network you want to focus on

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Clarify if itis “unbounded” or “bounded”Making Sense of Your Network StructureDirections:Decide what network you want to focus on today.Draw a map of your network.Reflect on the questions below.What type of structure does your network most closely resemble?How did you get to this structure?How’s it working? Does it match your purpose?How might your structure evolve / improve?Source for Network Graphics: orgnet.com

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Characteristics of HealthyNetworks

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Characteristics of HealthyNetworks: OverviewValueClearly articulated give and get for participants

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Delivers value/ outcomesto participants

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Trust

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Diversity

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High engagementParticipationBalance oftop-down and bottom-up logic

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Space for self-organizedactionFormLeadershipEmbraces openness, transparency, decentralization

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Shared leadershipGovernanceRepresentative ofthe network’s diversity

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TransparentConnectionStrategic use ofsocial media

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Ample shared space:on-line and in-personCapacityAbility surface & tap network talent

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Model for sustainabilityLearning& AdaptationMechanisms for learning-capture

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Ability to gatherand act on feedbackHelpful Sources: M. Kearns and K. Showalter; J. Holley and V. Krebs; P. Plastrik and M. Taylor; J. W. Skillern; C. Shirky

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Characteristics of HealthyNetworks: ValueValueClearly articulated give and get for participants

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Delivers value/ outcomesto participantsCharacteristics of Healthy Networks: ParticipationParticipationTrust: strong relationships

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Diversity: bridging andvaluing differences

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High level ofvoluntary engagementCharacteristics of Healthy Networks: FormFormBalance of top-down and bottom-up logic

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Space for self-organizedactionEmbraces openness, transparency, decentralization

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Shared leadershipLeadershipCharacteristics ofHealthy Networks: Leadership

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Arbitration Committee16 asof 3/21/09Stewards37 as of 3/3/09Bureaucrats29 active as of 12/22/08Administrators 1,648 as of 4/29/09Registered Users9,540,944 as of 4/29/09Characteristics of Healthy Networks: GovernanceGovernanceRepresentative of the network’s diversity

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TransparentCharacteristics of HealthyNetworks: ConnectionConnectionStrategic use of social mediaWhat’s your connection to mountaintop removal?

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Characteristics of HealthyNetworks: ConnectionConnectionAmple shared space: on-line and in-personCharacteristics of Healthy Networks: CapacityAbility surface & tap network talentCapacity

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Characteristics of HealthyNetworks: CapacityModel for sustainabilityCapacityFunder / grant driven

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‘Digital socialism’

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Membership

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‘Freemium’

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Free

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Pay your way/ pay as you goCharacteristics of Healthy Networks: Learning & AdaptationLearning & AdaptationMechanisms for learning-capture / storytelling

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Ability to gatherand act on feedbackHow healthy is your network?

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Network Leadership andMindset65

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Characteristics of HealthyNetworks: OverviewValueClearly articulated give and get for participants

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Delivers value/ outcomesto participants

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Trust

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Diversity

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High engagementParticipationBalance oftop-down and bottom-up logic

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Space for self-organizedactionFormLeadershipEmbraces openness, transparency, decentralization

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Shared leadershipGovernanceRepresentative ofthe network’s diversity

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TransparentConnectionStrategic use ofsocial media

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Ample shared space:on-line and in-personCapacityAbility surface & tap network talent

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Model for sustainabilityLearning& AdaptationMechanisms for learning-capture

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Ability to gatherand act on feedbackHelpful Sources: M. Kearns and K. Showalter; J. Holley and V. Krebs; P. Plastrik and M. Taylor; J. W. Skillern; C. Shirky

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The Network MindsetOrganizationOrientationNetwork OrientationMindsetCompetitionCollaborationStrategyGrow the organizationGrow the networkBehaviorsCompete for resourcesProtect knowledgeCompetitive advantageHoard talentShare resourcesOpen source IPDevelop competitorsCultivate leadershipSource: Heather McLeod Grant and Leslie R. Crutchfield, “Forces for Good,” (2007).

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Leading with aNetwork Mindset

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How is NetworkLeadership Different?Network LeadershipOrganizational LeadershipRole, behavior

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Collective

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Facilitation

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Emergent

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Relational, connected

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Bottom-up

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Process-oriented

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Position, authority

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Individual

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Control

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Directive

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Transactional

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Top-down

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Action-orientedWhat would ittake for you to work more wikily?

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Network Leadership RolesOrganizerEstablishesvalue proposition(s)

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Establishes first linksto participantsFunderProvides initial resources for organizing the networkWeaverWorks to increase connections among participants

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May focus ongrowing the network by connecting to new participants

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Can be multiplepeople with formal and informal rolesFacilitator / CoordinatorHelps participants to undertake collective action

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Ensures flow ofinformation and other resourcesTechnology StewardFacilitates the network use of online technology to learn, coordinate, connect or share information togetherSources: Peter Plastrik and Madeleine Taylor, Net Gains (2006); Beth Kanter; Stephanie Lowell , Building the Field of Dreams (2007); White, Wenger, and Smith, Digital Habitats (2009)

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What is theWork of Network Leadership?Convene diverse people and groupsEngage network participantsGenerate cooperation and collective actionBroker connections and bridge differenceBuild social capital – emphasize trust and reciprocitySource: Adapted from Net Work by Patti Anklam (2007) and “Vertigo and the Intentional Inhabitant: Leadership in a Connected World” by Bill Traynor (2009)Source of picture: flickr

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What is theWork of Network Leadership?Nurture self-organizationGenuinely participate. Influence from the insideLeverage technologyCreate, preserve, and protect network ‘space’Source: Adapted from Net Work by Patti Anklam (2007) and “Vertigo and the Intentional Inhabitant: Leadership in a Connected World” by Bill Traynor (2009)Source of picture: flickr

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What are thecharacteristics and skills of an effective network leader (and leader of ‘net work’)?Source for Network Graphic: orgnet.com

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A Few ChallengesFaced by Network LeadersUnlearning past behaviors and frameworks (organizational mindset) Engaging and inspiring network participants without being controllingLetting go of controlDetermining network boundariesDealing with information overload Making the case; measuring successLearning and leveraging new technologies Source of images: Cut Throat Communications, Blog.com, Rutgers University RU FAIR, Kodaikanal International School, flickr

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Assessing Your NetworkLeadershipWhat is your network leadership work?

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What are theskills and characteristics that will help you succeed?

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Which are yourstrengths? Which do you need to work on?

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What are 3steps you can take to strengthen your network leadership? Be specific.Strengthening Your Network76

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How Networks (Often)Progress and Evolve1.2.Hub and SpokeScattered Clusters3.4.Multi-Hub Small WorldCore PeripherySource: Valdis Krebs and June Holley, “Building Smart Communities through Network Weaving,” (2006). Source for Network Graphics: orgnet.com.

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A Few Strategiesfor Strengthening Your NetworkClose trianglesNurture quality connectionsBridge differenceSupport overlapping projects Map the networkGrow and engage the peripherySource: Adapted from June Holley, www.networkweaving.com. Source for Network Graphic: orgnet.com

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The Green andHealthy Building Network: 2005Source: Barr Foundation “Green and Healthy Building Network Case Study” by Beth Tener, Al Neirenberg, Bruce Hoppe

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Source: Barr Foundation“Green and Healthy Building Network Case Study” by Beth Tener, Al Neirenberg, Bruce HoppeThe Green and Healthy Building Network: 2007

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