NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

What makes a
Building Net Zero
Jit Kumar Gupta
Chairman, Chandigarh Chapter, IGBC, Chandigarh
jit.kumar1944@gmail.com

Buildings- Role and Importance
 Buildings-- integral part of human history, growth and
development since inception
 Buildings -- continue to define future journey of human growth
 Buildings-- constitute manmade environment-
 Buildings-- vital for human growth
 Buildings – living organism
 Buildings – cater to all human activities
 Buildings- full of dualities and contradictions
 Buildings -- largest consumers of energy
 Buildings - largest consumers of resources
 Buildings – largest generators of waste
 Buildings- largest polluter of environment /ecology
 Buildings --- responsible for largest carbon footprints
 Buildings -- responsible for global warming
 Buildings -- major determinant of global sustainability
 Buildings –like machines consume energy in all its operations-
Corbusier

BUILDINGS AS CONSUMERS OF
RESOURCES
•Built environment impact environment / consumption of
resources:
16% of world’s fresh water withdrawal.
25% of wood harvested.
30% of consumption of raw material.
50% of global energy consumption.
35% of world's CO2 emission
40% of Municipal solid waste.
50% of Ozone depleting CFC’s still in use.
30% of the residents having sick building syndrome
( Roodman and Lenssen, 1995)
•70% global warming--outcome of buildings / transportation
•Existing buildings--low concern for energy conservation.
•Considering700-900msqmto be added annually--global
energy/ environment implications can be critical.
•Buildings designed /constructed and operated with utmost
care for considerations energy/ sustainability/resources

Changing construction
perceptions

Designing Built Environment


 Context of
Energy
Efficient
Buildings

Need for Net Zero Buildings
 ---Considering energy implications --
buildings need to be made sustainable/energy
efficient/Eco-friendly/ green
 large reduction of energy consumption
possible by;
Adopting integrated approach to creating built
environment.
Evolving climatic responsive building designs
Retro fitting of existing buildings.
 Using Energy efficient/low energy
--- materials
-equipment
-technologies.
 --for making buildings sustainable/energy
efficient
 a new field - "green building" -- gaining
momentum
 --Sustainable Dev Goals also call for
 - -Promoting Energy efficient buildings,
 -Net Zero energy buildings

Green Buildings-
life cycle costs
Operating Cost 89%
Maintenance/
Consumables 1%
Initial Cost
10%

Life Cycle Energy Consumption by
Buildings
Energy Efficiency

SDG 11- Make cities and human settlements
inclusive ,safe, resilient and sustainable

Designing Strategies
 –Passive design,
-Designing with
Nature ;
--Integrated
approach

Designing Energy Efficient
Buildings
 --Adopting integrated approach to building design
 --Design based on Climate
 Macro Climate – Regional climate; Meso Climate– local climate
 Micro Climate--Site climate -- based on site characteristics,
 --Orientation -- to optimize light & heat gain/heat loss
 -- Sun movement-- maximize use of free solar energy for heating
/lighting
 --Wind direction---using movement of air for ventilation/ cooling
 --Planning of Building– optimize the site, shape of building, planning
spaces, allocating uses, placing of rooms, circulation, promoting
building efficiency, promoting natural sunlight, air and ventilation
 --Designing Building Envelop--– Mass – space relationships/ solids
and voids, positioning of openings and projections, planning for
shading devices, height, shape of building, natural lighting and
ventilation etc
 --Materials- Materials to be used for buildings- low embodied materials
locally available and in natural form, lightweight – reduce self load
 --Technology- cost- effective,, material efficient, speedier construction,
energy efficient

Rediscovery of the Indian ethos
 5 elements of Nature (Panchabhutas)
Prithvi (Earth) Site Selection and Planning
Jal (Water) Water Conservation
Agni (Fire) Energy Efficiency
Vayu (Air) Indoor Environmental Quality
Akash (Sky) Daylight, Night Sky Pollution
Daylighting
Views
Water Body Local materials

 Designing
with Climate,
Site ,
Orientation

CLIMATIC ZONES AND THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS


Integrated Design Process
 Five Climatic Zones In India-
 Hot and Dry
 Warm and Humid
 Moderate / Temperate
 Cold (Cloudy/Sunny)
 Composite
 All green buildings need not-- to be same
All zones have specific requirements regarding:
--light,
--heat,
--ventilation and
--thermal comfort
 Different zones require different design strategies regarding --
building envelop,
 --HVAC,
 -- lighting ,
 -- fenestration,
 -- performance standards

Hot and Dry Climate Zone-
Comfort requirements and Physical manifestations in Buildings
Thermal Requirements Physical Manifestation
Reduce Heat Gain
Decrease exposed surface area Orientation and shape of building
Increase thermal resistance Insulation of building envelope/roof/walls
Increase thermal capacity (Time lag) Massive structure
Decrease air exchange rate
(ventilation during the day)
Smaller windows openings, night ventilation
Increase buffer spaces Air locks/lobbies/balconies/verandahs
Increase shading External surfaces protected by overhangs, fins and
trees
Increase surface reflectivity Pale colour, glazed china mosaic tiles etc.
Reduce solar heat gain Use glazing with lower Solar Heat Gain Co-
efficient-SHGC and provide shading for windows.
Minimize glazing in East and West
Promote Heat Loss
Increase air exchange rate
(ventilation during night-time)
Courtyards/wind tower/arrangement of openings
Increase humidity levels Trees, water ponds, evaporative cooling

Hot and Dry Climate Zone-
Comfort requirements and Physical manifestations in Buildings

Cold (Cloudy/Sunny) Climate Zone

Impact of Buildings- minimizing
Building Footprints

BUILDING ORIENTATION AND
SHADING

Planning for spaces in buildings

Cost effective strategy for energy efficiency
Reduce energy
demand by
passive measures
Reduce energy
demand by active
measures
Integration of
renewable energy
Least
cost
impact
Some
cost
impact
Highest
cost
impact
• Climate responsive
architectural design
• Efficient building envelope
• Daylight harvesting
• Integration of natural sources
for cooling & heating in
building design.
Offset energy demand from the
grid by installing on-site
renewable energy
• Energy efficient equipment
• Lights
• Fans
• Air- conditioners
• Efficient building Operation &
Maintenance through BMS (Building
Management System) & Smart
Metering

Water conservation-Approach
Reduce
Recycle/
Reuse
Recharge Refuse

Water Efficiency
 Adopt Strategies for - Slow the flow/sharing/ breaking
water /water conservation/RW Harvesting/Ground water
charging/ multiple use of water
 Design for dual plumbing-- using recycled water for
toilet flushing / gray water system that recovers
rainwater or other non-potable water for site irrigation.
 Minimize wastewater-- use ultra low-flush toilets, low-
flow shower heads/ water conserving fixtures.
 Use Re-circulating systems for centralized hot water
distribution.
 Installing point-of-use hot water heating systems-- for
more distant locations.
 Metering water use – both for domestic/ landscape
separately
 -- Promote micro-irrigation /sprinklers / high-pressure
sprayer-- to supply water in non-turf areas.
 Involving communities --Through education /incentives
 Promoting Green Buildings as a Brand

Green Material - Fly Ash Bricks

Godrej Sohrab ji Building- Hyderabad-
ndia’s first platinum rated building

PEARL RIVER TOWER- GUANGZHOU, CHINA
NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
YEAR OF COMPLETION- 2011
SITE AREA-10635SQ.M.
PROJECT AREA- 214,100SQ.M.
(2.3MILLION SQ.FT.)
NO. OF STORIES- 71
HEIGHT OF BUILDING-309 M
ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACHIEVED
THROUGH
SOLAR PANELS
PHOTO VOLTAIC CELLS
WIND TURBINES
DAY LIGHT HARVESTING
DOUBLE SKIN CURTAIN WALLS
CHILLED CEILING WATER
UNDER FLOOR VENTILATION

Bahrain World Trade Center -
Bahrain
• Generating 15% energy from windmills
• Two 240 meter twin sky scrapers joined by
three windmill--, each 3 meters wide, attached to
walkways

Sun pipe- Day Light Harvesting
Sun Pipes used to lit
basement,
Viswa Syamalam, IGBC Platinum

‘A Green building makes you
Happy, Healthy and More Productive
- Provides highest quality of indoor environment
- Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
- Reduces Carbon Footprints
- makes building operations cost effective and energy efficient-
create win-win situation for owner; occupant; user; tenant
- – ‘Natural Capitalism’

NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

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