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Seminar On Project
Turbocharger and Supercharger
Presented By:
Mr. Aftab B. Chitragar
SBGI, Miraj
TE. Mechanical, Semester VI, Year 2017 - 2018
UNDER GUIDENCE OF H. O. D. ( Mech )
Mr.. MRS. Hubalikar

Introduction-
 A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor
connected by a shaft.
 The turbine section is mounted to the exhaust line from
the engine.
 The compressor is connected to the turbine by a shaft
and its outlet is routed to the engine air intake.
 Exhaust gas from the engine enters the turbine and
expands, performing work on the turbine.
 The turbine spins the shaft connected to the compressor.
The compressor draws in ambient air and compresses it.

Construction-
 The system consist of turbine and compressor on single shaft.
 The casing to system to avoid heat loss.
 The intercooler or radiator is placed in between outlet of compressor
and inlet port of engine cylinder.
 It also needs bearing to support the shaft, and oil rings to avoid
leakages.

Components-
 Turbocharger
 Radiator/Intercooler

Working-
 It consist of compressor, turbine, radiator etc.
 The exhaust gas comes from the combustion chamber (cylinder)
exhaust valve and it bombard on the turbine, the turbine is connected
to compressor start to rotate which is connected with shaft.
 The opposite side the atmospheric air get compressed and forwarded
to the inlet of cooler/radiator and get cooled, and maintain the
pressure and temperature to avoid knocking effect.
 GIF image-

Objective of Turbocharger-
 The objective of a turbocharger, just as that of a supercharger, is to
improve an engine's volumetric efficiency by increasing the intake
density.
 The compressor draws in ambient air and compresses it before it
enters into the intake manifold at increased pressure, that results in a
greater mass of air entering the cylinders on each intake stroke.
 The power needed to spin the centrifugal compressor is derived from
the high pressure and temperature of the engine's exhaust gases.
 The turbine converts the engine exhaust's potential pressure energy
and kinetic velocity energy into rotational power, which is in turn
used to drive the compressor.

Supercharger-
 it is a device used to increase the density of incoming air into the
combustion chamber (cylinder).
 A supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an
internal combustion engine.
 The greater mass flow- rate provides more oxygen to support
combustion than would be available in a naturally aspirated engine.
 Supercharger allows more fuel to be burned and more work to be
done per cycle, increasing the power output of the engine.
 Power for the unit can come mechanically by a belt, gear, shaft, or
chain connected to the engine's crankshaft.

Purpose of Supercharger-
 To raise the density of the air charge, before it enters the cylinders.
 to raise engine power output.
 To increase the volumetric efficiency since the utilization of air is
what going to determine the power output of the engine.
 Hence, an Engine must be able to take in as much as air as possible.

Construction-
 The components used in construction of “Supercharger” as follows-
i. Meshing parts
ii. Pulley
iii. Timing gears
iv. Gasket
v. Pressure relief valve
vi. Bearing casing
vii. Blower housing
viii. Manifold
ix. Intercooler
x. Drive belt
xi. Input shaft
xii. Bypass
xiii. Bearing Plates
xiv. Bearing
xv. Isolator/ Coupling
xvi. Rotor housing

Types of Supercharger with working-
 Roots Type.
 Centrifugal Type.
 Screw Type.

 Roots Type.
The Roots type supercharger
or Roots blower is a positive
displacement lobe pump which
operates by pumping fluids with a pair
of meshing lobes not unlike a set of
stretched gears. Fluid is trapped in
pockets surrounding the lobes and
carried from the intake side to the
exhaust.

 Centrifugal Type.
The centrifugal-type supercharger
is an engine driven compressor used to
increase the power output of an internal-
combustion engine by increasing the
amount of available oxygen by
compressing air that is entering the engine.
This type of supercharger is
practically identical in operation to a
turbocharger, with the exception that
instead of exhaust gases driving the
compressor via a turbine, the compressor
is driven from the crankshaft by a belt,
gear or chain drive.

 Screw Type.
Lysholm is also called screw type
supercharger. The supercharger consists of
2 screws, one with male threads and
another with female threads. They closely
mesh together. When they rotate, air is
captured between the screws and the
housing while being pushed from the inlet
towards the outlet.
Moreover, the space gets smaller
and smaller as it moves forward, so
Lysholm performs internal compression
and enables higher boost pressure than
Roots type supercharger.

Advantages of Turbo and Supercharger-
Turbocharger
 Simple in construction.
 Avoid load on crankshaft as on
supercharger.
 Without directly wasting flue
gases we can use to rotate the
turbine.
 More efficient than supercharger.
 Torque to your automobile is
good.
 As intercooler is placed the
knocking effect is reduced.
Supercharger
 Increased power.
 No lag – Consistent power
delivery.
 Generally better throttle
response.
 No Special Procedures or extra
maintenance.
 Centrifugal Superchargers are
more efficient at higher RPM.
 Roots & Twin Screw
Superchargers are efficient at
low RPM.
 Easier to install than
turbochargers.

Disadvantages of Turbo and Supercharger-
Turbocharger
 It only operate by turning of
impeller to draw fresh air through
the vehicles are filtered and
increase the atmospheric pressure
of air in vehicle’s combustion
chamber.
 The most significant one for the
average consumer is there cost.
 Fuel filters need to be changed
every 10000miles on any
performance turbocharged
vehicles.
Supercharger
 Consumes a lot of power from
the engine (therefore not very
efficient).
 Increases the strain on the
engine.
 Increases the strain on the
running gear.
 Expensive.
 Noise.

Conclusion-
From this topic “TURBOCHARGER and
SUPERCHARGER” I studied the construction and working, and
components used in it. And also that why we use the additional systems
to the petrol and diesel engine.

Reference-
 www.turbocharger.com
 www.turbocharger for diesel engine.com
 www.turbocharger GIF images.com
 www.turbocharger vs supercharger pdf.com
 "Turbo - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster
Dictionary“
 "Volumetric Efficiency (and the REAL factor: mass airflow)“
 http//www.slideshare.net

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