Next generation wireless communication

Next generation Wireless
Communication
Name: Abhishek Kushwaha
College name: ABSSIT
Branch: C.S.E
Course: B-Tech

Content
 Lets us look back to previously wireless communication
 Introduction to next-G wireless communication
 What is 5g?
 Improvement on 5G
 Improvement of technology in 5G(millimeter waves, small cell
network and beamforming)/working of 5G
 Features of 5G
 Conclusion

Generation of wireless communication
 1 G (First Generation)
 2 G (Second Generation)
 3 G ( Third Generation)
 4 G (Fourth Generation)
 Next G ( Fifth Generation i.e 5 G)
Continue……..

Generation of wireless communication
 1G ( First Generation in 1981)
It has
a. NMT(NORDIC Mobile Telephone)
• It is an analog system for mobile communication.
• NMT is the first fully automatic cellular phone system and service on October 1, 1981.
b. TACS(Total Access Communication System)
• It is an analogue mobile communications system used in the U.K
• Its prime differences are the radio frequencies, the radio channel bandwidth and the data signaling
rates.
• TACS is an analogue FM system operating in the 890-915 MHz / 935-960 MHz band.
Based on Analog system and
Analog signals

c. ETACS(European Total Access Communication System)
• In ETACS additional downlink (range 917MHz- 933 MHz) and uplink (890 MHz – 915
MHZ) frequencies were allocated.
• 320 additional channels were allocated to both the cellular operators for speech channels.
NMT
TACS
ETACS

B. Drawbacks of 1G
 The main drawbacks of this system were limited capacity
because of inefficiencies of analog voice transport and
limited services because of analog signaling.
 Due to these drawbacks ETACS was replaced by other more
efficient systems like GSM (Second Generation of wireless
telecommunication technology).

B. Second Generation (2G)
 It is based on GSM or in other words global system for mobile communication.
 It was launched in Finland in the year 1991.
 GSM technology was the first one to help establish international roaming.
 Second generation technologies are either time division multiple access (TDMA)
or code division multiple access (CDMA).
 TDMA allows for the division of signal into time slots.
 CDMA allocates each user a special code to communicate over a multiplex
physical channel.
 Different TDMA technologies are GSM, PDC(personal digital cellular technology),
iDEN(integrated digital enhanced network ), iS-136.
 CDMA technology is IS-95.

Drawbacks of 2G
 The digital signals could be weak if there is no network coverage in any
specific area.
 The digital signal has jagged decay curve.
 The downloading & uploading speeds available in 2G technologies are up
to 236 Kbps.
 The downloading & uploading speeds available in 2G technologies are up
to 236 Kbps

Third Generation(3G) Bandwidth
 High bandwidth—the measure of transmission capacity—is one of the selling points of
3G.
 While the maximum bandwidth for a stationary 3G device—according to Silicon
Press—is 2.05 megabits (Mbps), when you are moving slowly (such as walking), this
drops to 384 kilobits (Kbps).
 3G technologies make use of TDMA and CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access).
 3G (Third Generation Technology) technologies make use of value added services like
mobile television, GPS (global positioning system) and video conferencing.
 The basic feature of 3G Technology (Third Generation Technology) is fast data transfer
rates.
 3G technology is the modified form of second generation it is better to say that all the
best features of different versions of 2nd generation are combined into third
generation.
 Resultantly 3G Technology is known as Smartphone with high data transfer rate, WiFi
hotspots connectivity and multimedia features.

Packet switch domain
Circuit switch domain
3G network Architecture
RNC(Radio Network Controller) IMS(IP Multimedia System)
MSC(Mobile Switching Center) SGSN(Service GPRS support node)
GMSC(Gateway mobile switching center)
node1
node2
RNC
SGSN
MSC
GGSN
GMSC
Radio Access
Network(RAN)
Bus station
IMS
IP
network
Circuit
switch
network

4G/LTE network (Fourth Generation Network)
 4G network is heading towards a new dimension in the field of wireless
technology.
 Its first step is the provision of quality service to its clients.
 Second point is the refine signals for reliable communication with no fear of data
loss.
 4G network provide service for audio/visual and other multimedia service with
ultimate speed of 100 megabytes per second.
 It also facilitate roaming everywhere.
 It works on high frequency of bandwidth.

Based feature of 4G
Two technologies that are supposed to be based features of 4G are
• WiMAX(Worldwide interoperability of Microwave Access)
Connecting to WiMAX network, this information first processed to the internet home
and then spread widely.
Most of the time this transmission happens very fast problems arise in case of
spectrum, bandwidth and data.
This WiMAX technology has a high speed of data transfer rate with additional
capacity for the subscribers and ready to carry big amount of data.
Continue……..

LTE (Long Term Evolution)
 LTE is developed on radio waves technology.
 This not only increases the speed but also the amount of data allowed through
the same bandwidth and results into lower cost.
 LTE is considered to be promising high data transfer speed.
 LTE is using MIMO (Multiple input multiple output) able to send and receive
huge data .
Continue……

Some devices which works on 4G
WiMAX device
LTE devices

Limitations of 4G
Operating area
Still don’t reached to the rural areas and in the cities of many buildings.
Cost( Expensive)
Poor and average get difficult to buy this 4G devices.
According to the requirement of people though the ultimate speed of 4G is 100
mbps, their demand increases to more than this which exists the fifth generation
wireless communication i.e next generation wireless communication.

Why we need 5G?
 Internet of things
 Autonomous driving
 Virtual reality
 Perfection in artificial intelligence etc.

Introduction to next-G wireless communication
• Next-generation wireless (NextG) involves the concept
that the next generation of wireless communications
will be a major move toward ubiquitous wireless
communications systems and seamless high-quality
wireless services.
• This presents the concepts and technologies involved,
including possible innovations in architectures,
spectrum allocation, and utilization, in radio
communications, networks, and services and
applications.
• These include dynamic and adaptive systems and
technologies that provide a new paradigm for spectrum
assignment and management, smart resource
management, dynamic and fast adaptive multilayer
approaches, smart radio, and adaptive networking.

What is 5G?
 5G is assumed as the perfection level of
wireless communication.
 All the previous wireless technologies are
entertaining the ease of telephone and data
sharing but 5G is bringing a new touch and
making the life real mobile life.
 Monitor any space of the world from
anywhere, observe space and watch TV
channels at HD clarity in our mobile phone
without any interruption.
 It will provide super and perfect utilization
of cellular communication in future.

Some devices on which 5G works
iphone 5g Technology

5G is based on following 3 technologies
1. Millimeter wave
 The devices which we are using nowadays that
works under 6 GHz.
 Due to crowded in this range 5G uses new
spectrum(increase in bandwidth) 30-300 GHz is
taken which will be based on millimeter waves.
 Apple is working on their technology under 28 GHz
to 39 GHz
Continue…..

2. Small cell network
 Limitation of millimeter wave is, it cannot
travel through any obstacles such as
buildings, houses and cloud and plants
absorb it.
 For this purpose small cell network is
used.
 To remove this limitation 5G uses 1000 of
Small cell network to boost the signal at
anywhere.

3. Beamforming
 Today’s cell tower which are used in our locality, they are
omnidirectional means their signal transmit in 360 degree direction
which results more interference due to which proper network is not
achieved to everyone.
 By using this beamforming cell towers can be able to provide the
network to specific users.

Improvement on 5G
 One to 10Gbps connection to the end-points in the field.
 One millisecond end to end round trip delay.
 1000x bandwidth per unit area.
 10 to 100x number of connected devices.
 (Perception of ) 99.999 percent availability.
 (Perception of ) 100 percent coverage.
 90 percent reduction in network energy usage.
 Up to 10 -year battery life for low power, machine type devices.

Features of 5G
 The advanced billing interfaces of 5G technology makes it more attractive and effective.
 The uploading and downloading speed of 5G technology touching the peak.
 5G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which supporting almost
65,000 connections.
 The 5G technology network offering enhanced and available connectivity just about the
world

Conclusion
Though 5G is supposed to be exist in 2020, because of its features and
improvement on various technology, public are curious to get its experience.
If it come in exists, living standard of people will touch the peak.
Because of its facilities people will become lazy on their work and it will be the
great disadvantage of this generation.

Thank you
For your concentration

Next generation wireless communication

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