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Nmap basics
   Maniac
Nmap Basics - Overview

What is nmap?
    Nmap, short for "network mapper", is an open source utility
   which can quickly scan broad ranges of devices and provide
   valuable information about the devices on your network. It
   can be used for IT auditing and asset discovery as well as for
   security profiling of the network.
Nmap Basics - Overview
What does nmap do?
  Nmap uses raw IP packets to determine what hosts are
  available on the network, the services that are enabled, the
  operating system and version of the host, what sort of firewall
  or packet filters are in place and many other aspects of the
  network. The information can be used both proactively to
  identify and correct security holes and by attackers to perform
  reconnaissance about the types and quantities of targets
  available and what weaknesses exist.
Nmap Basics - Overview
Nmap runs on?
  Nmap is available for a wide range of operating system
  platforms. The standard download is a compressed file
  containing the UNIX version (which runs on Linux, Solaris,
  Free/Net/OpenBSD, and Mac OS X) and the Windows version
  as well as NmapFE, the X-Windows front end for UNIX, and
  NmapWIN, the recommended Windows GUI for Nmap.
Nmap Basics - Overview


Nmap can perform a wide range of scans. Some are more
aggressive and blatant, while some are designed to be stealthy
and scan undetected. Depending on the type of scan performed,
different information can be discovered as well.
Nmap Basics - Overview

                                 Connect          SYN Stealth
                              FIN, Xmas, Null        Ping
                                UDP Scan        IP Protocol Scan
Some of the scan types are:
                                 ACK Scan        Window Scan
                                 RPC Scan          List Scan
                               FTP Bounce
Nmap Basics - First Scan

How hard is nmap to use?
   Nmap’s ability to be run from both the command line and
   from a GUI enable most people to get the tool up and
   running very quickly. Advanced features require more
   command line and technical expertise to use the tool
   effectively.
Nmap Basics - First Scan
Windows users take heed:
   Windows XP Service Pack 2 is shoddily supported due to the
   fact that Microsoft removed the socket layer from the
   Operating System. Furthermore, hacks and workarounds
   that have been discovered to get nmap to work results in
   Microsoft patching up this hole shortly thereafter. With this
   in note, your mileage may vary.
Nmap Basics - First Scan
Basic nmap scan example.
Nmap Basics - First Scan

Application
IP Addresses scanned
Time and date of the scan
Ports discovered
State of the port
The type of service this port typically is
Total number of IP Addresses scanned
IP addresses found to be active
Number of seconds to complete the scan
Nmap Basics - Version Detection
 What is host detection?
    Host detection is a feature of nmap that tells it to further
    analyze what the packet behavior is, and assess what
    Operating System the target host is based on it’s analysis.
 Ok, well what about version detection then?
    Version detection expands on host detection by also querying
    the ports nmap finds open for what the service is.
Nmap Basics - Version Detection
  Example output from the version detection flag.
Service Info
Service Version
Unknown
Fingerprint
Unknown Service
Identifier
Nmap Basics - Version Detection
  Example of host detection.
Operating System
Information
Nmap Basics - Pinging
How does nmap identify hosts?
   Nmap by default will perform either a TCP SYN or a TCP
   Connect ping to gather active hosts. In some cases nmap will
   even use ARP pinging to identify hosts as well.
How can you turn off pinging?
   The -P0 (P<zero>) switch will turn this feature off.
Nmap Basics


This concludes “Hacking With Nmap, Part 1”
Nmap Basics


  Information Gathered from:
Insecurity.org - The home of Nmap
Netsecurity.about.com - Providers of the much of the Overview material.

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Nmap basics

  • 1. Nmap basics Maniac
  • 2. Nmap Basics - Overview What is nmap? Nmap, short for "network mapper", is an open source utility which can quickly scan broad ranges of devices and provide valuable information about the devices on your network. It can be used for IT auditing and asset discovery as well as for security profiling of the network.
  • 3. Nmap Basics - Overview What does nmap do? Nmap uses raw IP packets to determine what hosts are available on the network, the services that are enabled, the operating system and version of the host, what sort of firewall or packet filters are in place and many other aspects of the network. The information can be used both proactively to identify and correct security holes and by attackers to perform reconnaissance about the types and quantities of targets available and what weaknesses exist.
  • 4. Nmap Basics - Overview Nmap runs on? Nmap is available for a wide range of operating system platforms. The standard download is a compressed file containing the UNIX version (which runs on Linux, Solaris, Free/Net/OpenBSD, and Mac OS X) and the Windows version as well as NmapFE, the X-Windows front end for UNIX, and NmapWIN, the recommended Windows GUI for Nmap.
  • 5. Nmap Basics - Overview Nmap can perform a wide range of scans. Some are more aggressive and blatant, while some are designed to be stealthy and scan undetected. Depending on the type of scan performed, different information can be discovered as well.
  • 6. Nmap Basics - Overview Connect SYN Stealth FIN, Xmas, Null Ping UDP Scan IP Protocol Scan Some of the scan types are: ACK Scan Window Scan RPC Scan List Scan FTP Bounce
  • 7. Nmap Basics - First Scan How hard is nmap to use? Nmap’s ability to be run from both the command line and from a GUI enable most people to get the tool up and running very quickly. Advanced features require more command line and technical expertise to use the tool effectively.
  • 8. Nmap Basics - First Scan Windows users take heed: Windows XP Service Pack 2 is shoddily supported due to the fact that Microsoft removed the socket layer from the Operating System. Furthermore, hacks and workarounds that have been discovered to get nmap to work results in Microsoft patching up this hole shortly thereafter. With this in note, your mileage may vary.
  • 9. Nmap Basics - First Scan Basic nmap scan example.
  • 10. Nmap Basics - First Scan Application IP Addresses scanned Time and date of the scan Ports discovered State of the port The type of service this port typically is Total number of IP Addresses scanned IP addresses found to be active Number of seconds to complete the scan
  • 11. Nmap Basics - Version Detection What is host detection? Host detection is a feature of nmap that tells it to further analyze what the packet behavior is, and assess what Operating System the target host is based on it’s analysis. Ok, well what about version detection then? Version detection expands on host detection by also querying the ports nmap finds open for what the service is.
  • 12. Nmap Basics - Version Detection Example output from the version detection flag. Service Info Service Version Unknown Fingerprint Unknown Service Identifier
  • 13. Nmap Basics - Version Detection Example of host detection. Operating System Information
  • 14. Nmap Basics - Pinging How does nmap identify hosts? Nmap by default will perform either a TCP SYN or a TCP Connect ping to gather active hosts. In some cases nmap will even use ARP pinging to identify hosts as well. How can you turn off pinging? The -P0 (P<zero>) switch will turn this feature off.
  • 15. Nmap Basics This concludes “Hacking With Nmap, Part 1”
  • 16. Nmap Basics Information Gathered from: Insecurity.org - The home of Nmap Netsecurity.about.com - Providers of the much of the Overview material.