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Similar to Nnatural enemies in Agricultural crop
Nnatural enemies in Agricultural crop
- 1. NATURAL ENEMIESNATURAL ENEMIES Dr.Akhilesh Kumar SMS (Plant Protection) Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rewa (MP)
- 2. Biological ControlBiological Control Theuse of living natural enemies to control pests. Includes: • Predators • Parasitoids • Pathogens
- 3. PredatorsPredators • Insect, miteor spider that attacks & feeds on its prey • Kill & consume more than one victim to complete development
- 4. Modes of PredationModesof Predation • Active Search • Ambush • Lures • Traps
- 5. ParasitoidParasitoid • An organismthat lives in or on the body of its host, at least during a part of its lifecycle • Kill & consume less than or equal to one victim in order to complete development Healthy aphids Parasitize d aphids
- 6. Types of ParasitoidsTypesof Parasitoids • Endoparasitoid • Ectoparasitoid
- 7. EndoparasitoidEndoparasitoid • Develops insidethe host • Associated with hosts in both concealed and exposed sites
- 8. EctoparasitoidEctoparasitoid • Develops outsideof host • Typically associated with hosts in “protected” sites (I.e., tunnels, leafmines, rolled leaves)
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- 10. PathogensPathogens • Process: – Adhesionof spore to host cuticle – Spore germination – Penetration of the cuticle – Growth in hemocoel – Insect death • Examples: – Beauveria bassiana – Metarhizium anisopliae
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- 12. AntsAnts • Social insects •Predators • May tend aphids or other honeydew producing insects • Feed on sugars, fats, proteins and honeydew
- 13. Earwigs • ¼” to1” long • Flattened body • Pale to dark brown • Forceps-like cerci used to capture prey or defend themselves • Predators
- 14. Green LacewingsGreen Lacewings •Adults generally eat aphids, honeydew, nectar and pollen • Larvae are predators • They are commonly found on grass, weeds, cultivated row crops and shrubs
- 15. Green Lacewing LarvaeGreenLacewing Larvae • Larvae are elongate • Large, sickle-shaped mandibles, inject a paralyzing venom • Feed on eggs and immature stages of aphids, caterpillars, leafhoppers, mealybugs, moths, spider mites, thrips and whiteflies
- 16. Green Lacewing AdultGreenLacewing Adult • Adults are greenish white with copper- colored eyes • About ¾” in length • Feed mostly on aphids, honeydew, nectar or pollen
- 17. BeetlesBeetles • Adults andlarvae of some species are predators
- 18. Ladybird BeetlesLadybird Beetles •Both adults and larvae prey on aphids, scale insects, mealybugs, mites and other soft- bodied insects
- 19. Adult Ladybird BeetlesAdultLadybird Beetles • Oval shaped • Black with yellow or red markings OR orange or reddish with black markings • Range from 1/16” to 1/2” long
- 20. Ladybird Beetle Larvae •Larvae are elongate, somewhat flattened & covered with spines • Usually dark or black with brightly colored spots or bands • Some are white in color and resemble mealybugs
- 21. Rove BeetlesRove Beetles •Larvae and adults of most species are predators • Adults are brown or black, slender, with stubby wings • Larvae resemble adults • Prey on aphids, springtails, nematodes and fly maggots
- 22. Ground BeetlesGround Beetles •Larvae and adults of most species are predators • Adults are dark colored, often metallic • Larvae are elongate, dark brown or black • Prey on aphids, other beetles, chinch bugs, fly eggs, some caterpillars and moths
- 23. Praying Mantids • Usuallyover 2” in length • Brown or green in color • Prey on many different insects, including other beneficials
- 24. Minute Pirate BugsMinutePirate Bugs • Small, oval, flattened, and black with white markings • Nymphs and adults are predators • Prey on corn earworms, small caterpillars, insect eggs, leafhopper nymphs, spider mites and thrips
- 25. Big-eyed BugsBig-eyed Bugs •Gray, brown, black or tan with tiny spots, and bulging eyes • Prey on eggs and immature aphids, armyworms, hornworms, corn earworms, leafhoppers, lygus bugs, mealybugs, psyllids, spider mites and thrips
- 26. Stink BugsStink Bugs •Usually oval or shield- shaped • Brown, green or gray, many brightly colored • Prey on many insects, especially caterpillars
- 27. Stink BugsStink Bugs Beneficialforms • Spines projecting from “shoulders” • Short, stout beaks Plant feeders • Round “shoulders” • Long, thin mouth parts
- 28. Robber FliesRobber Flies •¼ to 1¼” in length • Face is usually very hairy with a groove between the eyes • Prey on many insects including beetles, grasshoppers, bees, leafhoppers, wasps and other flies
- 29. Syrphid Fly AdultsSyrphidFly Adults • Adults are bee mimics • Feed on pollen and aphid honeydew • Female will lay hundreds of eggs in an aphid colony, using honeydew as an ovipositional stimulant
- 30. Syrphid Fly LarvaeSyrphidFly Larvae • Some larvae are grayish or greenish with a slug- like appearance • Each larva can eat hundreds of aphids
- 31. WaspsWasps • Various sizes •Slender, brown or black with a constricted waist • Fairly host-specific; most pests have a complex of parasitoids
- 32. Predatory MitesPredatory Mites •Often red or orange • Legs are longer than spider mites • Front legs extended forward • Commonly attack two- spotted spider mites
- 33. SpidersSpiders • 8 legs,2 body parts • Predators • Hunt • Spin webs • Ambush
- 34. Vertebrate AnimalsVertebrate Animals •Armadillos • Birds • Fish • Raccoons • Snakes • Squirrels
Editor's Notes
- #11 This is a cabbage white butterfly with the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis
- #34 Crab spiders blend into their background to capture their prey Trap door spider digs a hole in the ground and then covers it to create a trap door to get its prey Orb weavers spin webs to capture food The jumping spider will stalk and jump on its prey to capture unexpecting insects