NOBAL(2022048030)123456789012356789.pptx

NOBAL(2022048030)123456789012356789.pptx

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  WATERSHED Nobal Fredrick J 2022048030
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  WATERSHED  A WATERSHEDcan be defined as a geo- hydrological unit that drains to a common point by a system of drains. All lands on earth are a part of one watershed or another.  The words watershed ,catchment ,basin, drainage area, are synonymous , and in Indian usage, pertain to an area and not a line.  The terms micro, mini, sub-watershed or any other variation of the terms indicate hierarchical division of the watershed of a stream, river or a drainage line.
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  IMPORTANCE OF WATERSHEDS Watersheds sustain life, in more ways than one.  According to the Environmental Protection Agency, more than $450 billion in foods, fibre, manufactured goods and tourism depend on clean, healthy watersheds.  Healthy watersheds are also important for the very sustenance of human life
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  WATERSHED MANAGEMENT  Watershedmanagement is defined as the process of formulating and carrying out course of action involving manipulation of natural, agricultural and human resources of a watershed to provide resources that are desired by and are suitable to the watershed community  The watershed management and exploitation should not have any adverse effects on soil and water resources  It is an integrated and multidisciplinary approach.
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  OBJECTIVES OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Protecting, conserving and improving the land resources for efficient and sustained production.  Protecting and enhancing water resources, moderating floods, reducing silting up of tanks/reserviors, increasing irrigation and conserving rainwater for crops and thus mitigating droughts  Utilizing the natural local resources for improving agriculture and allied occupation of industries so as to improve socio-economic conditions of local residents.
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  PERSPECTIVES OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT HYDROLOGICALASPECTS  ENVIRONMENTALASPECTS  SOCIO-ECONOMICASPECTS  FINANCIALASPECTS  ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLITICALASPECTS
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  flYDROLOGICAL ASPECTS  Hydrologicalbehaviour of watershed is influenced by watershed conditions.  The watershed treatment and management practices alter the slope and roughness characteristics of the watershed management and tend to reduce the surface flow and the peak flow  The management practices also reduce the rate and quantity of the sediment erosion and their transportation resulting in lower delivery of sediments into the reservoir  These measure effects flood control, soil moisture conservation and land use.
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  ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS  Developmentapplied locally for developing green foliage, enriches environment globally in due course of time.  The local measure of micro-scale watershed development would have cumulative effect on environment when considered on a large basin or a global scale  Reduced onsite erosion and enhance in a well managed watershed also improve the natural ecosystem
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  SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS  Inachieving the true objective of watershed management, the viewpoint of individuals and communities, who live in the watershed should be considered.  The socio-economic factors also determine the motivation of farmers to make necessary investment of labour and capital in watershed development.
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  FINANCIAL ASPECTS  Theprojects can either be fully funded by government or NGOs or in case of the development the participating families may be required to contribute a predefined percentage of cost for individual works and for community work.  The unit cost for watershed development normally range from Rs. 4500 to Rs. 6000 per hectare depending on nature and location of the watershed.
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  APPROACH FOR WATERSHED MANAGEMENTAND DEVELOPMENT  People’s participation is the key to watershed development programmes.  While the main development activities have to be carried out by the watershed community itself, the overall facilitation, coordination and supervision of the whole programme will be responsibility of a PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY (PIA).  The whole setup for the watershed management follows a hierarchical approach.
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  ORGANISATIONAL SETUP District WatershedDevelopment Advisory Committee Project Implementation Agency Watershed Development Team Watershed Development Community Village Development committee
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  STEPS FOR PREPARATIONOF INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN Preparation of watershed development plan includes two main steps: 1. Identification of watershed problems and setting up of objectives and priorities based on various surveys of watershed. 2. Formulation of proposed development and management plan.
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  GEOLOGICALASPECTS OF WATERSHED MANAGEMENTAND DEVELOPMENT GEOLOGI -CAL ASPECTS NATURAL RESOURC ES SOIL WATER NATURAL HAZARDS EARTHQUAKES FLOODS LANDSLIDES
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  T HANKY O U