nouns
Download as PPT, PDF9 likes6,646 views
This document defines and describes different types of nouns in English. It begins by defining a noun as a word used as the name of a person, place, thing, or idea. It then discusses the main types of nouns including proper nouns, common nouns, countable/uncountable nouns, collective nouns, abstract nouns, gerunds, and predicate nouns. It provides examples for each noun type and discusses rules for correct noun usage including formation of plural nouns and possessive nouns. The document serves as a comprehensive reference on nouns in the English language.
nouns
- 2. Noun - Definition A noun is a word, which is used as the name of a person, animal, place, bird, idea, emotion or thing.
- 3. Types of Noun Proper Nouns Countable/Uncountabl e Nouns Common Noun Concrete Predicate Plural Nouns Compound Nouns Collective Nouns Abstract Nouns Gerunds
- 4. Proper Noun Proper nouns have two distinct features: They name specific one-of-a-kind items, and they begin with capital letters, no matter where they occur within a sentence. There is no article in front of proper nouns except The Jones (Jone’s family) and The Jones must be written in plural form. The United States the word “States” is in plural form. Another exception like The Pacific Ocean, The Sahara, The Vatican, The White House.
- 5. Examples of Proper Noun People : Thompson, Joseph, John, Jane, Jason Animals : Monkey, Cow, Buffalo, Cat Things : IKEA office furniture, Toyota, Honda Places : KMUTT, Bangkok, Thailand, Australia Time : January, Saturday, Christmas
- 6. Common Noun A common noun is a name given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind. These are the common nouns for things. People : Man, Woman, Male, Female, Boy, Girl Animals : Ant, Elephant, Bird, Cat, Dog Things : Table, Chair, Desk, Television, Door Places: Building, Park, Stadium, School, Company Emotion : Fear, Love, Hate Time : Minute, Hour, Year
- 7. Countable Noun Countable Noun is noun that you can count them in number. It may or may not have a shape. Shape: Dog, Chair, Table, Student, Door No Shape: Day, Month, Year, Journey Activity : Job, Assignment Q: Countable Nouns, Singular or plural ? A: Countable Nouns have 2 forms Singular : Dog, Country, Day, Year Plural : Dogs, Countries, Days, Years
- 8. Singular Countable Nouns They must have determiner or article in front of them. I want an orange. Where is the book ? Do you want to watch this movie ?
- 9. Plural Countable Nouns The determiner or article depends on the situation. I like to water the flowers. Cats are adorable pets. I want those books on the table.
- 10. Examples of Countable Noun There are at least twenty Italian restaurants in Little Italy. Megan took a lot of photographs when she went to the Grand Canyon. Your book is on the kitchen table. How many candles are on that birthday cake? You have several paintings to study in art appreciation class. There’s a big brown dog running around
- 11. Uncountable Noun Uncountable Noun is noun that you can’t count in number directly. It can be a very small thing or a very big thing. Thing= Milk, Sugar, Salt, Furniture Emotion= Anger, Happiness, Knowledge Language = English, German, Spain Subject = Mathematics, Physics Activity = Swimming, Eating Other= News, Money, Mail, Work, Gossip, Education, Weather, Research, Traffic, Breakfast, Permission
- 12. Uncountable Noun (Contd.) Q: Uncountable Nouns, Singular or plural ? A: Uncountable Nouns have 2 forms Most of uncountable nouns must be written in singular form and without article. I have bread and butter for my breakfast. We cannot live without air and water. If uncountable nouns act as the subject of the sentence, it must be follow by the singular Verb to be. Butter is one of diary product. Butter and cheese are made from milk.
- 13. Q: How can we count the uncountable nouns ? A: Simply add “the container” in front of uncountable nouns A cup of coffee. Two glasses of water. A tablespoon of sugar. A set of furniture. Uncountable Noun (Contd.)
- 14. Examples of Uncountable Noun There is no more water in the pond. Please help yourself to some cheese. I need to find information about Pulitzer Prize winners. You seem to have a high level of intelligence. Please take good care of your equipment. Let’s get rid of the garbage.
- 15. Nouns that can both be countable and uncountable Some of the nouns can be countable and uncountable for example : Glass : Please give me a glass of water. That container is made of glass. Where are my glasses ? Paper : I read two papers every morning. This flowers are made of paper. Show me your paper.
- 16. Compound Noun A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. Most compound nouns in English are formed by nouns modified by other nouns or adjectives Noun + Noun = Bed + Room = Bedroom Verb + Noun = Swimming + Pool = Swimming Pool Preposition + Noun = Under + Ground = Underground Noun + Verb = Hair + Cut = Haircut
- 17. Compound Noun (Contd.) There’re 3 ways to write a compound noun. Write 2 words together. - Toothpaste, Bedroom, Blackboard Write 2 words separate by hyphen. - Six-Pack, Mother-in-law Write 2 word separately - Swimming pool, Full moon, Tool box.
- 18. Collective Noun A collective noun is noun that use to name something that form in group or in collection. Structure : Collective noun + of + common noun They are names of collections or the word that use for define a groups of objects. People = A crowd of people Animals = A swarm of bees Places = A union of countries Things = A network of computers
- 19. Collective Noun (Contd.) Usually examples for collective nouns are given in a phase form. A bunch of grapes A swarm of bees The words bunch and swarm are collective nouns The words grapes and bees are not. There’re 2 forms of collective noun - Singular and Plural The average British family has 3.6 members. The family are always fighting among themselves.
- 20. Examples of Collective Noun an army of soldiers a gang of thieves a bevy of beauties/girls a horde of savages a band of musicians a host of angels a band of robbers a line of kings/rulers a board of directors a mob of rioters a body of men a group of dancers a bunch of crooks a group of singers a caravan of gypsies a pack of rascals a choir of singers a pack of thieves a class of pupils a party of friends
- 21. Examples of Collective Noun a congregation of worshippers a staff of servants a crew of sailors a staff of teachers a crowd of spectators a team of players a crowd of people a tribe of natives a dynasty of kings a troop of scouts a galaxy of beautiful women a troupe of artistes a galaxy of film stars a troupe of dancers a gang of crooks a troupe of performers a gang of prisoners a party of friends a gang of robbers
- 22. Abstract Noun Abstract nouns are words that name things that are not concrete. Your five physical senses cannot detect an abstract noun – you can’t see it, smell it, taste it, hear it, or touch it. In essence, an abstract noun is a quality, a concept, an idea, or maybe even an event. Abstract nouns and concrete nouns are usually defined in terms of one another.
- 23. Abstract Noun (Contd.) Abstract Nouns from Verb Decision – To decide Thought – To think Imagination – To imagine Speech - To speak Growth - To grow Abstract Nouns from Adjective Beauty - Beautiful Poverty - Poor Vacancy - Vacant Happiness - Happy Wisdom - Wise Abstract Nouns from Nouns Friendship - Friend Childhood - Child
- 24. Concrete Noun Concrete Noun is opposite to abstract noun. Actually Concrete noun is similar to Common noun. A concrete noun refers to things with physical properties. This noun can be sensed using one of our five senses. Examples: paper, sun, light, chair, people
- 25. Predicate Noun Predicate noun is noun that follow “verb to be”. It use to define the subject. He is a mathematician. (Mathematician is predicate noun) We are engineers. (Engineers is predicate noun) She is a Prime Minster. (Prime Minster is a predicate noun)
- 26. Gerunds Gerunds are words that are formed with verbs but act as nouns The gerund is a common part of speech that most of us use every day, whether we know it or not. Examples Swimming in the ocean has been Sharon’s passion since she was five years old. Let’s go dancing at the club tonight. Dreaming is an act at the subconscious level. Holly decided that flying above the clouds was the most incredible experience she’d ever had. Bill avoided doing his math assignment because the World Series was on.
- 27. Correct Usage of Nouns Rule 1: Some nouns are used only in the singular form. No plural form exists. But They may take a plural verb. Eg: advice, audience, furniture, justice, clothing, information, poetry, pains, scenery, machinery, majority, hair etc. They bought some new furnitures for the office ✘ They bought some new furniture for the office ✔ Poetries are read by the people ✘ Poetry is read by by the people ✔ The sceneries of the mountains are splendid ✘
- 28. Rule 2: When a plural noun denotes a specific amount, length, weight quantity, etc. considered as a whole the verb must be in the singular form. Examples: Three liters of water are too much for me to drink ✘ Three liters of water is too much for me to drink ✔ Five kilometers are not a long distance for a runner like you. ✘ Five kilometers is not a long distance for a runner like you. ✔ Thousand crore rupees are a big amount ✘ Thousand crore rupees is a big amount ✔
- 29. Rule 3: There are some nouns which are used only in the plural form and take only plural verb. alms, billiards, gymnastics, premises, proceeds, scissors, tongs, forceps, spectacles, trousers, pantaloons, socks, shorts, bowels, intestines, biceps, genitals, riches, thanks, nuptials, outskirts, gallows, innings, doldrums, earnings etc. Examples: The scissors has two parts ✘ The scissors have two parts ✔ His spectacles was broken ✘ His spectacles were broken ✔
- 30. Rule 4: Some nouns have the same form for the plural as well as for the singular. aircraft, fruit, fish, sheep, species, deer, offspring, yoke etc. Examples: A large number of the fishes died due to the pollution of water ✘ A large number of the fish died due to the pollution of water ✔ The sheeps are grazing ✘ The sheep are grazing ✔ The wage of the worker is being paid ✘ The wages of the worker is being paid ✔
- 31. Rule 5: Some nouns which have got 's' at their end, but these are used as singular. news, statistics, mathematics, economics, physics, measles, mumps, ethics Examples: Physics are very difficult to understand ✘ Physics is very difficult to understand ✔ The news of his death were received calmly ✘ The news of his death was received calmly ✔
- 32. Rule 6: The following nouns are always used in plural. cattle, public, police, people Examples: The police is moving fast ✘ The police are moving fast ✔ The public is eagerly waiting for the election results ✘ The public are eagerly waiting for the election results ✔ People is unable to differentiate freedom and independence these days✘ People are unable to differentiate freedom and independence these days ✔
- 33. Rule 7: Material nouns are not used in plural forms wood, silver, gold, iron, etc. Examples: Ornaments are made of golds ✘ Ornaments are made of gold ✔ Wood are used as fuel ✘ Wood is used as fuel ✔
- 34. Rules Related to Possession Rule 1: Apostrophe (') is never used with lifeless objects. What is your book's price? ✘ What is the price of your book? ✔ Rule 2: We use ( 's) with certain dignified objects and abstract nouns The duty's call, The sun's rays, the soul's delight, the river's bank, the earth's beauty, nature's bounty, the court's judgment, Heaven's will, truth's of triumph, fortune's favorite, day's journey We give you back money for honesty sake ✘ We give you back money for honesty's sake ✔
- 35. Rule 3: When two or more nouns are joined by and, and a joint possession is meant, the possessive case will be formed by adding (‘s) to the last word. Examples: Krishna and Kumar’s house is really beautiful. Note: This sentence denotes that one house belongs to both Krishna and Kumar. Rule 4: When there are two nouns in apposition, the possessive case will be formed by adding (‘s) to the second noun. Examples: 1. Einstein, the scientist’s equation changed theoretical physics 2. Kumar, the professor’s son, is very intelligent. Rule 5: The possessive case of a compound noun will be formed by adding (‘s) to the last word. Examples: Mother-in-law’s house Commander-in-chief’s office