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Nurses responsibility administering medicine
This document discusses guidelines for the administration of oral medication by nurses. It provides abbreviations used for medication timing, classifications of drugs by action, abbreviations for drug preparation and amounts, formulas for calculating pediatric dosages, safety measures like the six rights, and the nurse's responsibilities and procedure for administration. The key aspects are ensuring correct patient, drug, dose, time and documentation according to orders and assessing for any reactions after administration.
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Nurses responsibility administering medicine
- 1. ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL MEDICATION INTRODUCTION:Medicine defined as a chemical substance used to promote health ,to prevent illness, to diagnose, to alleviate or cure diseases. Some medication has two names Chemical names (medication’s composition& molecular structure),e.g Ibuprofen- iso-butyl phenyl. Trade name: is the registered name assigned by the manufacturer. One drug may be manufactured by several companies and known by several different trade names. E.g paracetamol---crocin , calpol, ifimo metacin
- 2. ABBREVIATION USED REGARDINGTIME OF ADMINISTRATION • A.C :Before meals. • P.C: After meals. • O.D: once a day. • O.N : Each night. • H.S: At bed time. • C.M : Tomorrow morning. • P.R.N:When required. • S.O.S: If necessary in emergency. • BD / BID: Twice a day. • T.DS/TID: Thrice a day. • QDS/QID: Four times a day. • STAT: At once/ Immediately.
- 3. CLASIFFICATION OF DRUG ACCORDINGTO THEIR ACTION • Analgesic: To relieve pain.. • Antipyretic: To reduce fever. • Antidotes: Substances used to counteract the effects of poison. • Anti inflammatory: To reduce the inflammation. • Anti-coagulants: Substances which inhibit or decrease the blood clotting process. • Anti-histamine: To prevent or relieve allergies. • Anti-convulsants: To prevent or treat convulsions.
- 4. • Antibiotics: Todestroy or inhibit the growth of micro organism. • Anti emetics: Drugs preventing or relieving nausea & vomiting. • Bronchodilator: Medicines which relax muscles of the bronchioles by reducing the smooth muscle spasm or mucosal edema. • Diuretics: Which increase the flow of urine. • Anti- Hypertensive To lowering the blood pressure. • Ionotropes: That drugs that strengthen cardiac contraction. E.g. injection Dobutamin. • Thrombolytic agent: Act by breaking down the fibrin frame work of fresh blood clot.
- 5. ABBREVIATIONS USED REGARDING PREPERATIONOF THE DRUG • Dil: Dilute. • Liq: Liquid • Lot: Lotion • Mist: Mixture • Ol : Oil Pulv: Powder • Syr: Syrup • Tr: Tincture • Ung: Ointment. • Inj: Injection.
- 6. REGARDING AMOUNT • Gr:Grain. • Gtt: a drop • M: Minim • Kg: Kilogram • O : A pint. • Oz : Ounce • Ib : Pound • Cap :Capsule • Tab : Tablet • Tsp :Tea Spoon Full (5 ml) • Tbsp: Table spoon • Sol : Solution. • Gal : Gallon • L : Litre.
- 7. WEIGHT & MEASURES •1 Dram : 4 grams / 1 Tsf • 1 Ounce: 30 ml • 1 Liter: 1000ml / 2 pint . • 1cc : 1 ml. • 1 minim: 1 drop. • 1 pint : 500 ml • 1 pound: 16 ounces. • 1 kg : 2.2 Ibs. • 1 tsf : 5 ml. • 1 Tbs : 3 tsf / 15 ml. • 1 glass full : 8 ounce.
- 8. TYPES OF ORDERS •Standing orders: It should be carried out for a specific number of days Or until another order cancels it . • PRN Orders : When needed ( good judgment needed) e.g Pain killer / Laxatives. • One time order / single order : Only one time eg Preoperative medication. • Stat order : Administered immediately & only one time . Eg Inj .Lasix 1 amp (20 mg) IV stat. • Telephone orders / Verbal order.
- 9. CALCULATION OF PAEDIATRICDOSAGE A) Young’s Rule :(for children over 1 yr of age up to 12 yrs ) • Child f dose= Age of the child (in yrs) X Adult dose Age of the child (In yrs) + 12 • Clark’s Rule (use for children in all age) Child’s dose = Weight of the child in pounds X Adult dose 150 • Fried’s Rule (Children under 1yr of age) Child Dose=Age of the child( in months) x Adult Dose 150
- 10. SAFETY MEASURES • The‘’six Rights’’ ensures safety in giving drugs: • Right Client : Read the clients name on the client’s chart & on the medicine card. • Call the client by name & ask him to repeat his name. • Right Drugs : To study the correct name of the drug and compare with the consultants order & medicine card. • The name of the drugs should be checked three times before giving---- • Taking the drugs from the locker. • Before pouring or open it. • When returning the strip or bottle.
- 11. • Right Dose:The correct dose of medicine should compare with medicine card.then read the strength of medicine on the strip& should observe date of expiry. • Right Time : Should know the time e.g B.D ,T.D.S etc & know the hospital routines for the intervals. • Right Method: To determine the route of administration e.g orally, parenterally, rectally etc. • Right Documentation : Documentation should be done immediate after giving medication.
- 12. NURSES RESPONSIBILITY INTHE ADMINISTRATION OF ORAL MEDICATION • Assessment: • Check the diagnosis & age of the patient. • Check the medication order. • Check the diet & fluid order : To avoid medication If the patient is kept nil orally in preparation for surgery &diagnostic tests .But in case of anticonvulsants, Antidiabetics, Antihypertensive drugs ,Digoxin etc better to talked to concerned physicians
- 13. • Laboratory values:To be monitor serum drug levels , medication effects & side effects. Before giving Anticoagulants -check the P Time& before chemotherapy blood count is monitored , as these drugs can cause severe leucopenia/ thrombocytopenia ect. • Physical assessment Check the abilities & limitations swallowing the medications. check the vital signs –heart rate before giving Digoxin & BP – before giving Antihypertensive& Respiratory rate before giving opium. • Check the articles available in the patient’s unit.
- 14. ARTICLES REQUIRED FORORAL MEDICATION • A tray containing : • Ounce glass teaspoon,dropper small container etc. • Drinking water in a glass or Feeding cup. • Pestle. • Duster or towel to wipe the out side of the bottle after pouring the medication. • Kidney tray . • Medicine card.
- 15. STEPS OF PROCEDURE •Explain the procedure to the patient. • Keep the patient in suitable position according to the condition of the patient. • Give the mouth wash if necessary. • Protect the bed clothes & garments with a towel placed under the chin across the chest. • Wash hands. • Read the doctor’s order& compare with medicine cards. • After reading the medicine cards take the appropriate medicine from the locker.Check three times before giving the medication & follow the’ Five Right’.
- 16. • Give thewater to the patient to moisten the mouth. • Give medications one at a time. Stay with the patient until he has taken the medication. • Check the patient’s mouth when indicated to verify that medications are swallowed. • Provide water to drink after the medicines are administered.
- 17. AFTER CARE OFTHE PATIENT & ARTICLES • Remove the towel & wipe the face with it. • Position the patient & tidy up the bed. • Take articles in the utility room and wash, dry , &kept in proper place. • Record medications given & signature on the medicine card. • Return to the patient side & observe any reactions. • Return the medication cards to the nurses station.
- 18. Formulas • Drop calculation: Totalvolume x drop factor Hours x 60
- 19. Formulas • BSA: Height incm x weight in KG 3600
- 20. Formulas • BMI Weight inKg Height in Meter square • IBW: For Male: 50 Kg+2.3 kg (Height in Cm/2.54- 60) For Female: 45 Kg+2.3 kg (Height in Cm/2.54- 60)