Download to read offline
![Nursing care for patient with CHICKEN POX [Autosaved].pptx](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chickenpoxautosaved-240226082212-b91964d3/75/Nursing-care-for-patient-with-CHICKEN-POX-Autosaved-pptx-26-2048.jpg)
More Related Content
![Introduction to Child Health and Child Health Nursing [Autosaved] - Copy.ppt](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/introductiontochildhealthandchildhealthnursingautosaved-copy-230528125308-da7d1205-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Similar to Nursing care for patient with CHICKEN POX [Autosaved].pptx
Nursing care for patient with CHICKEN POX [Autosaved].pptx
- 2. Definition • Chickenpox -also known as varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella- zoster virus (VZV). • VZV is a DNA virus that is a member of the herpes virus family. • After the primary infection, VZV stays in the body (in the sensory nerve ganglia) as a latent infection.
- 3. Pathophysiology • After initialinhalation of contaminated respiratory droplets, the virus infects the conjunctivae or the mucosae of the upper respiratory tract. • Viral proliferation occurs in regional lymph nodes of the upper respiratory tract 2-4 days after initial infection; this is followed by primary viremia on postinfection days 4-6.
- 4. Pathophysiology Cont …d •A second round of viral replication occurs in the body’s internal organs, • most notably the liver and the spleen, followed by a secondary viremia 14-16 days post- infection. • This secondary viremia is characterized by diffuse viral invasion of capillary endothelial cells and the epidermis.
- 5. Pathophysiology Cont …d •VZV infection of cells of the malpighian layer produces both intercellular edema and intracellular edema, resulting in the characteristic vesicle. • Exposure to VZV in a healthy child initiates the production of host immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies; IgG antibodies persist for life and confer immunity.
- 6. Pathophysiology Cont …d •After primary infection, VZV is hypothesized to spread from mucosal and epidermal lesions to local sensory nerves. • VZV then remains latent in the dorsal ganglion cells of the sensory nerves. • Reactivation of VZV results in the clinically distinct syndrome of herpes zoster (shingles).
- 7. Incubation period 7-21days Causative organism Caused by varicella zoster virus also called human (alpha)herpes.
- 8. Sign & symptoms InChildren • Itchy rash appearance on the head & spreads down to the trunk & other body parts • The rash becomes raised, & blisters form. • Blisters may also form on mucous memebranes, such as inside the mouth, nose, throat, & vagina.
- 9. In Children cont…d •The blister crust over & disappear within about 10-14 days. • Children may also have fever & tiredness along with rash.
- 10. Sign & symptomsin adults Pre-eruptive stage: At the onset, low or moderate fever, feeling cold, restlessness, backache etc. Eruptive phase: The rash are found on the body which are less on the face & hands. Different stages of rashes are ( macular, papular, vesicular & scabal) found together. This is the special characteristics of the disease. The eruptive stage lasts for 4-7 days.
- 11.
- 12. Serious symptoms Highfever Vomiting Diarrhoea Head ache Dehydration Worsening of asthma
- 13. Complication • Pneumonia • Bleeding •Encephalitis • Serious disease of fetus in case of pregnancy
- 14. Diagnosis • S &S,typical spread of rash • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. The most sensitive method for confirming a diagnosis of varicella is the use of PCR to detect VZV in skin lesions (vesicles, scabs, maculopapular lesions). • IgM testing. IgM testing is considerably less sensitive than PCR testing of skin lesions; • Blood testing. Most children with varicella have leukopenia in the first 3 days, followed by leukocytosis; marked leukocytosis may indicate a secondary bacterial infection but is not a dependable sign;
- 15. Medical Management • Antiviraltherapy. The routine use of acyclovir or valacyclovir in healthy children if it can be given within 24 hours after the rash first appears in children older than 12 years, • Varicella zoster immune globulin. Varicella zoster immune globulin • it is indicated for high-risk individuals within 10 days (ideally within 4 days) of chickenpox exposure; • this agent reduces complications and the mortality rate of varicella, not its incidence.
- 16. Medical Management Cont….d •Antibiotic therapy. Suspicion of a secondary bacterial infection should prompt the early institution of empirical antibiotic therapy until the results of culture studies become available.
- 17. Nursing Management Treatment approachesinclude: • supportive measures, • antiviral therapy, • administration of varicella-zoster immune globulin (VZIG), and • management of secondary bacterial infection.
- 18. Nursing Management Nursing Assessment •Assessment of a child with chicken pox includes the following: • History taking. if any exposure to varicella at school, daycare, or among family members has occurred. • Immunizations - immunocompromised children often have severe and complicated varicella, and their mortality rate is higher than that of immunocompetent children.
- 19. Nursing Assessment cont..d Vaccine is available as a single vaccine, also as part of the MMRV vaccine (measles, Mumps. Rubella and Varicella vaccine). Route: Subcutaneous
- 20. Nursing Diagnosis Based onthe assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: • Hyperthermia related to viral infection. • Impaired skin integrity related to mechanical factors (eg stress, scratch, friction). • Disturbed body image related to lesions on the skin. • Deficient knowledge about the condition and treatment needs. • Risk for infection related to damaged skin tissue.
- 21. Nursing Care Planningand Goals Desired outcomes for a child with chicken pox include: • Client will be comfortable and able to rest. • Client or caregiver will verbalize needed information regarding the disease, signs and symptoms, treatment, and possible complications of varicella zoster. • Client will remain free of secondary infection, and intact skin without redness or lesions.
- 22. Nursing Care Planningand Goals … • Client will have minimal risk for disease transmission through the use of universal precautions. • Client will demonstrate positive body image,
- 23. Nursing Interventions Interventions fora child with chicken pox include: • Patient education. Educate parents about the importance and safety of the Varicella Zoster vaccine. • Manage pruritus. in patients with varicella with cool compresses and regular bathing; warm soaks and oatmeal or cornstarch baths may reduce itching and provide comfort.
- 24. Nursing Interventions … Trim fingernails. Trimming the child’s fingernails and having the child wear mittens while sleeping may reduce scratching. Dietary measures. Advise parents to provide a full and unrestricted diet to the child; some children with varicella have reduced appetite and should be encouraged to take sufficient fluids to maintain hydration.
- 25. Evaluation • The Nurseevaluate whether all goals are met or not. Documentation Documenting all the assessment findings, Plan of care, current or recent medical therapy, response to the managements, attainment or progress toward the desired out come, modification to plan of care.