Xeriscape Landscape Water Conservation - Texas A&M University

Xeriscape Landscape Water Conservation - Texas A&M University

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  B-1584 5-01 Xeriscape ™ Landscape Water Conservation
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  Xeriscape and theXeriscape logo are trademarks of the Denver Water Department.
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  Douglas F. Welsh,Extension Horticulturist William C. Welch, Extension Landscape Horticulturist The Texas A&M University System Water has become a critical issue for the design. Sketch your yard, showing the loca- future prosperity of Texas. Booming popula- tions of buildings, trees, shrubs, gardens tions have increased the demand on the and grass areas. Then consider how you use state’s already limited supply of high-quali- the various areas of your yard, how you ty water. In addition, seasonal fluctuations want your yard to look, the amount of in rainfall and periodic droughts create a maintenance you plan to give it, and the feast-to-famine cycle in Texas. budget you can afford. Also pinpoint the In urban areas, about 25 percent of the areas of your landscape that require the water supply is used to water landscapes most water. The purpose of planning is to and gardens. In the summer, as much as 60 design a landscape that will have the percent of the water the average household appearance and function you desire while uses may be for landscape maintenance conserving water. Local landscape archi- Many traditional landscapes require large tects, designers, nurserymen and county amounts of water, and much of this water is Extension agents can help in this decision applied inefficiently. making. You can implement your landscape design gradually over several years. To reduce the excessive use of water for maintaining landscapes, the Texas Agricul- Analyze and Prepare the Soil tural Extension Service encourages Texans to adopt Xeriscape landscaping. This con- Have your soil tested. (Your county cept conserves water and protects the envi- Extension agent can tell you how.) The test ronment. Xeriscape landscapes need not be results will tell you what kinds and cactus and rock gardens. They can be cool, amounts of fertilizer your soil needs, and green landscapes full of beautiful plants whether you should add organic matter. maintained with water-efficient practices. Most soils benefit greatly from organic mat- ter. Adding organic matter to the soil of The seven water-saving principles of shrub and flower bed areas makes plants Xeriscape landscaping are not new; they healthier. Organic matter also helps the soil have been practiced in the landscape indus- absorb and store water. As a rule-of-thumb, try for decades. Combining all seven into a till in 4 to 6 inches of organic material such comprehensive program of landscape water as shredded pine bark, compost or leaves. It conservation is what makes Xeriscape land- is not necessary to incorporate organic mat- scaping unique. The principles are: ter for trees, and for large turfgrass areas it 5 Planning and design is not economically feasible. 5 Soil analysis and preparation 5 Practical turf areas Be Practical with Turf Areas 5 Appropriate plant selection When designing the landscape, keep in 5 Efficient irrigation mind that turfgrasses need more water and maintenance than most other plants. To con- 5 Use of mulches serve water, reduce the size of the lawn by 5 Appropriate maintenance including patios, decks, shrub beds and By incorporating these seven principles, groundcovers in the landscape design. you can help preserve our most precious Also consider the ease of watering turf natural resource—water. areas. Areas that are long and narrow, small, or oddly shaped are difficult to water Start With a Plan efficiently. Confine grass to blocky, squarish Creating a water-efficient landscape areas that are easier to maintain. begins with a well-thought-out landscape 3
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  Select Appropriate Plants a deep, well-rooted lawn that efficiently uses water stored in the soil. Select trees, shrubs and groundcovers that are adapted to your region’s soil and To know when to water the lawn, simply climate. Texas is blessed with an abundance observe the grass. Wilting and discoloration of beautiful native plants from which to are signs of water stress. At the first sign of choose. Most require less water and fertiliz- wilting, you have 24 to 48 hours to water er and have fewer pest problems than non- before serious injury occurs. Apply 1 inch adapted exotic plants that have been intro- of water to the lawn as rapidly as possible duced into Texas landscapes. without runoff. Native Texas plants are becoming more Trees and Shrubs available at retail nurseries and garden cen- Newly planted trees and shrubs should ters. Combining Texas natives with well- be watered frequently until they are well adapted exotic plants is one key to a beauti- rooted, which may take two growing sea- ful, interesting landscape that conserves sons. Once established, plants should be water. watered less frequently so they will develop When it comes to selecting a turfgrass, deep roots and be better able to withstand remember that the different varieties have drought. very different water requirements. One of In the absence of rain, most trees and the best ways to conserve water is to select shrubs benefit from a once-a-month, thor- a grass that is adapted to your area of the ough watering during the growing season. state and that has a low demand for water. Normal lawn watering is not a substitute for Refer to the tables in this publication for thorough tree and shrub watering. The feed- landscape plants adapted to and recom- ing root system of a tree or shrub is located mended for your area. Your county within the top 12 inches of the soil and at Extension agent or local nurseryman also the “dripline” of the plant. The dripline is can make suggestions. the area directly below the outermost reach- es of the branches. Apply water and fertiliz- Water Efficiently er from just inside to a little beyond the Tremendous amounts of water are dripline, not at the trunk. Simply lay a slow- applied to lawns and gardens, but much of ly running hose on the ground and move it it is never absorbed by the plants and put to around the dripline as each area becomes use. Some water runs off because it is saturated to a depth of 8 to 10 inches. For applied too rapidly, and some water evapo- large trees, this watering technique may rates from exposed, unmulched soil; but, take several hours. the greatest waste of water is applying too Irrigation Systems much too often. The goal of any irrigation system is to When too much water is applied to the give plants enough water without wasting landscape it can leach nutrients deep into it. By zoning an irrigation system, grass the soil away from plant roots, and possibly areas can be watered separately and more pollute groundwater. Runoff also can cause frequently than groundcovers, shrubs and pollution by carrying fertilizers and pesti- trees. Sprinkler and drip irrigation can cides into streams and lakes. These prob- be used together to conserve water in the lems can be eliminated with proper water- landscape. ing techniques. Sprinkler irrigation. Most people water Lawns with sprinklers—either hose-end sprinklers Most lawns receive twice as much water or permanent, underground systems. A per- as they need. The key to watering lawns is manent sprinkler system can be more to apply the water only when the grass water-efficient than a hose-end sprinkler, needs it, but water thoroughly. This creates but both systems require little maintenance and apply large volumes of water in a short 4
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  time. If youhave a permanent sprinkler sys- water-efficient. Mow St. Augustinegrass and tem, make sure the sprinkler heads are buffalograss at 3 inches, Bermudagrass at 1 positioned properly to avoid watering side- inch, centipedegrass and Zoysiagrass at 2 walks and driveways. Also adjust sprinkler inches. heads so that they spray large droplets of Fertilizing the lawn at the proper time water instead of a fog or fine mist, which and using the proper amount can save time, evaporates quickly and may drift away with effort and money by reducing mowing and the wind. With either hose-end sprinklers watering. Fertilizers also can be a major or permanent systems, water between late source of pollution of streams and ground- evening and mid-morning so that water water if too much is applied. Fertilize the won’t evaporate quickly and be wasted. lawn once in the spring and again in the Drip irrigation. Drip irrigation is more fall. Use a slow-release form of nitrogen in efficient and more beneficial to plants than the spring application and a quick-release sprinkler irrigation. In areas of the state form in the fall. Apply only 1 pound of where water quality is poor (i.e., high salt actual nitrogen fertilizer per 1,000 square content), drip irrigation is also safer for feet of lawn at one time. With this schedule, landscapes. Drip irrigation slowly applies no other fertilizer is needed to maintain water to soil. The water flows under low most shrubs and trees in the lawn area. pressure through emitters, bubblers, or Check your irrigation system periodically spray heads placed at each plant. There is and maintain it so that it will operate effi- little chance that water applied by drip irri- ciently. Properly time any insect and disease gation will be wasted by evaporation or control measures, and eliminate weeds (they runoff. If you aren’t familiar with drip irri- compete with other plants for water). gation, seek advice from professionals and A well-designed landscape that uses experiment with it in small sections of the Xeriscape principles can reduce mainte- landscape. This will acquaint you with the nance by as much as 50 percent through benefits of drip irrigation. reduced mowing, once-a-year mulching, the Conserve Moisture with Mulches elimination of unadapted plants that require lots of water, and efficient irrigation. Mulch is a layer of nonliving material covering the soil surface around plants. Commit to Water Conservation Mulches can be organic materials such as Water must be a vital concern for every- pine bark, compost and woodchips; or inor- one in Texas because it is a limited and ganic materials such as lava rock, limestone fragile resource. Many people believe that or permeable plastic (not sheet plastic). watering landscapes is a nonessential luxu- Use a mulch wherever possible. A good ry. In times of severe drought, rationing mulch conserves water by significantly may limit the amount of water we can use reducing moisture evaporation from the for our lawns and gardens. Therefore, soil. Mulch also reduces weeds, prevents Texans have a special responsibility to con- soil compaction, and keeps soil tempera- serve water and protect its quality. tures more moderate. Xeriscaping conserves water in the land- scape without sacrificing beauty and plant Use Good Maintenance Practices diversity. By following these guidelines, you Mowing grass at the proper height con- can proudly create your own Xeriscape serves water because it encourages root sys- landscape. tems to grow deeper and become more 5
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  Planning and designis the starting point for any Soil analysis will deter 1 water-wise landscape. 2 should be improved s hold moisture better. Appropriate plant selection keeps the landscape more Efficient irrigation can 4 in tune with the natural environment. Native plants generally use less water than exotic plants, but 5 water bill for an aver there is room for both in a well-designed landscape Appropriate maintenan 7 beauty and conserves ize, irrigate and contr Join the Xeriscape movement. Check with your local water d
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  mine whether thesoil Practical turf areas are neither too large (turfgrass that it will absorb and 3 requires more water than other plants) nor diffi- cult to water efficiently. ave 30 to 50 percent of the Use mulches in flower and shrub beds to reduce ge home. 6 water evaporation from the soil. e preserves the landscape’s water. Prune, weed, fertil- l pests properly. epartment or county Extension agent for more information.
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  Outstanding Landscape Plantsfor Texas Plant Adaptation Map Region 1 - East Texas (Texarkana, Houston, Tyler, Beaumont, Nacogdoches) Region 2 - South Texas (Corpus Christi, Brownsville, Laredo, Del Rio) Region 3 - Central Texas (Austin, Waco, Bryan/College Station, San Antonio) Region 4 - North Central Texas (Dallas, Ft. Worth, Denton, Wichita Falls) Region 5 - Panhandle (Armadillo) Region 6 - West Texas (El Paso, Lubbock, San Angelo, Midland, Abilene) NOTE - Plants with number 7 are adaptable to most areas of Texas. 5 Texas native Turfgrasses Common name Scientific name Best adapted for Notes Bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon 7 Good drought tolerance; produces dense turf; poor shade tolerance; plant seed or sod 5 Buffalograss Buchloe dactyloides 3,4,5,6 Excellent drought tolerance; produces thin turf; poor shade tolerance; plant seed or sod Carpetgrass Axonopus affinis 1 Adapted to moist sites; tolerates partial shade; many seedheads; thin turf; plant seed Centipedegrass Eremochloa ophiuroides 1 Low maintenance; tolerates partial shade; tolerates drought; plant seed or sod St. Augustinegrass Stenotaphrum secundatum 1,2,3,4 Produces dense turf; good shade tolerance; poor drought tolerance; plant sod Tall fescue Festuca arundinacea 4,5 Under irrigation, remains green year-round; good shade tolerance; poor drought tolerance; plant seed Zoysiagrass Zoysia spp. 7 Produces dense turf; good shade tolerance; good drought tolerance; plant sod Vines Common name Scientific name Best adapted for Exposure Notes Boston ivy Parthenocissus tricuspidata 7 Sun/shade Deciduous; fall color; clings to walls Bougainvillea Bougainvillea sp. 2 Sun Evergreen; many flower colors; plant outdoors in extreme southern Texas only or provide winter protection Carolina jesssamine Gelsemium sempervirens 1,2,3,4 Sun/shade Evergreen; yellow spring flowers Clematis Clematis sp. 5 Shade Beautiful blooms; deciduous vines Confederate jasmine Trachelospermum jasminoides 1,2,3,4 Sun/shade Evergreen; fragrant white spring flowers 5 Coral honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens 7 Sun Coral flower in summer Coralvine Antigonon leptopus 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Pink flowers in late summer and fall English ivy Hedera helix 7 Shade Evergreen; green or variegated foliage; loves shade Fig ivy Ficus pumila (repens) 1,2,3,4 Sun/shade Evergreen; clings to walls 8
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  Vines (continued) Common name Scientific name Best adapted for Exposure Notes 5 Improved trumpet vine Camsis radicans 7 Sun/shade Orange flowers in summer and fall Lady Banksia Rosa banksia 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Spring flowers in yellow or white Mermaid rose Rosa x bractaeta 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Fragrant, pale yellow flower; vigorous climber; pest-resistant Rosa x fortuniana Rosa x fortuniana 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Fragrant, white flowers; vigorous climber; pest-resistant Silverlace vine Polygonum aubertii 3,4,5,6 Sun/shade Fluffy masses of white flowers 5 Virginia creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia 7 Sun/shade Clings to walls; fall color Wisteria Wisteria sp. 7 Sun/shade Blue clusters of flowers in spring Groundcovers Common name Scientific name Best adapted for Exposure Notes Ajuga Ajuga reptans 7 Shade Variety of foliage colors and blue flowers; requires well-drained soil Asiatic jasmine Trachelospermum asiaticum 1,2,3,4,6 Sun/shade Evergreen; green or variegated foliage Confederate jasmine Trachelospermum jasminoides 1,2,3,4 Sun/shade Evergreen; fragrant, white spring flowers English ivy Hedera Helix 7 Shade Evergreen; green or variegated foliage Liriope Liriope muscari 7 Sun/shade Evergreen; grass-like foliage; purple blooms; varieties: big blue, gigantic Monkey grass Ophiopogon japonicus 7 Sun/shade Evergreen, grass-like foliage; dwarf and standard varieties Prostrate rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis 2 Sun Grayish-green, fragrant foliage; light blue flowers Santolina Santolina sp. 3,4,5,6 Sun Species with green or silver foliage Trailing juniper Juniperus sp. 3,4,5,6 Sun Several varieties available; not suitable for wet, humid areas Vinca Vinca major 7 Shade Blue flowers and dark green foliage Perennials Best adapted Flowering Common name Scientific name for Exposure Flower color season Height 5 Autumn sage Salvia greggii 2,3,4,6 Sun White, red, pink, Spring to fall 2-3 ft. salmon 5 Baby sun/sunray Coreopsis grandiflora 7 Sun Yellow, orange Late spring, 1 ft. coreopsis summer Bearded iris Iris xiphioides 7 Sun/shade Many Spring 1-3 ft. Blue plumbago Plumbago auriculata 1,2,3 Sun/shade Blue, white Summer, fall 3 ft. Bouncing bet Sapinara officinalis 7 Sun/shade Pink Summer 1-2 ft. Cigar plant Cuphea micropetala 1,2,3 Sun/shade Red/yellow Summer, fall 3-4 ft. Daylily Hemerocallis sp. 7 Sun Many Spring, summer 1-3 ft. 9
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  Perennials (continued) Best adapted Flowering Common name Scientific name for Exposure Flower color season Height Firebush Hamelia patens 1,2,3 Sun Reddish-orange Summer, fall 3-5 ft. Garden canna Canna x generalis 7 Sun/shade Yellow, red, Summer 2-4 ft. pink, salmon Goldsturm rudbeckia Rudbeckia x goldsturm 7 Sun Yellow Summer 2 ft. 5 Hinckley’s columbine Aquilegia hinckleyana 2,3,5 Shade Yellow Spring 18 in. 5 Indian blanket Gaillardia sp. 7 Sun Reddish-yellow Spring to fall 18 in. 5 Lantana Lantana sp. 1,2,3,6 Sun Many Spring to fall 1-2 ft. Lousiana iris Iris fulva x Iris 7 Sun/shade Many Spring 3 ft. giganticaerulea x Iris foliosa 5 Mealy cup sage Salvia farinacea 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Blue, white, Spring, summer, 3 ft. purple fall Mexican oregano Poliomentha longiflora 1,2,3,6 Sun Pink Summer 1-2 ft. Mexican sage Salvia leucantha 2,3 Sun Blue Spring to fall 3-4 ft. 5 Moonbeam/ Coreopsis verticillata 7 Sun Yellow, orange Late spring, 2-3 ft. Zagreb coreopsis summer 5 Pavonia Pavonia lasiopetala 1,2,3 Sun/shade Pink Spring to fall 3-4 ft. 5 Perennial verbena Verbena sp. 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Many Spring to fall 6 in.-1 ft. 5 Pink rain lily Zephyranthes grandiflora 7 Sun/shade Pink Summer 1 ft. 5 Purple coneflower Echinacea angustifolia 7 Sun Purple Spring to fall 18 in. Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis 1,2,3,4,6 Sun/shade Blue Summer, fall 1-4 ft. Society garlic Tulbaghia violacea 7 Sun/shade Lavender Spring to fall 18 in. Sweet violet Viola adorata 7 Shade Purple Winter, spring 6-8 in. 5 White rain lily Zephyranthes candida 1,2,3,4,6 Sun/shade White Summer 1 ft. Ornamental grasses Common name Scientific name Best adapted for Exposure Flowering season Height 5 Big bluestem Andropogon gerardii 7 Sun Summer, fall 3-4 ft. Fountain grass Pennisetum ruppelii 7 Sun Summer 3 ft. 5 Muhly grass Muehlenbergia lindheimeri 2,3,4,6 Sun Summer 3 ft. Pampas grass Cortaderia selloana 7 Sun Summer, fall 7 ft. 5 Purple autumn grass Miscanthus sinensis 7 Sun Summer 3-4 ft. Sideoats gramma Bouteloua curtipendula 7 Sun Summer 2-3 ft. 10
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  Shrubs Common name Scientific name Best adapted for Exposure Notes Dwarf shrubs (1 to 3 feet tall) Dwarf burford holly Ilex cornuta rotunda burfordii 7 Sun/shade Glossy evergreen foliage Dwarf Chinese holly Ilex cornuta rotunda 7 Sun/shade Glossy evergreen foliage Dwarf pittosporum Pittosporum tobira wheeleri 1,2,3 Sun/shade Small, round evergreen 5 Dwarf yaupon holly Ilex vomitoria nana 7 Sun/shade Glossy evergreen foliage Nandina: harbour dwarf, Nandina spp. 7 Sun/shade Reddish evergreen foliage gulf stream, nana 5 Red yucca Hesperaloe parvifolia 7 Sun Red flowers on tall spikes Rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Fragrant bluish-green foliage; blue flowers; herb Small shrubs (3 to 5 feet tall) Barberry Berberis thunbergii atropurpurea 1,3,4,5,6 Sun Red evergreen foliage Bridal wreath spirea Spirea cantoniensis (S. reevesiana) 7 Sun/shade Sprawling; fern-like; white spring blooms China rose Rosa chinensis 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Hardy; long-blooming; pest-resistant; varieties: Old Blush (pink) and Cramiosi Superior (red) Dwarf burford holly Ilex cornuta rotunda burfordii 7 Sun/shade Glossy evergreen foliage 5 Dwarf palmetto Sabal minor 1,2,3,4,6 Sun/shade Trunkless, bushy palm Flowering quince Chaenomeles japonica 7 Sun Deciduous shrub; spring blooming (red, pink, white or orange) Glossy abelia Abelia grandiflora 7 Sun/shade Bronze evergreen foliage and white flowers Grayleaf cotoneaster Cotoneaster glaucophylla 1,3,4,5,6 Sun/shade Sprawling evergreen shrub; dusty gray foliage Indian hawthorne Raphiolepis indica 7 Sun/shade Spring flowering; blue berries in fall; evergreen Japanese boxwood Buxus japonica 7 Sun/shade Evergreen foliage Juniper Juniperus sp. 1,3,4,5,6 Sun Tough, evergreen shrub; many varieties available Nandina compact Nandina domestica compacta 7 Sun/shade Reddish evergreen foliage and red fall berries Tea rose Rosa adorata 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Hardy; long blooming; pest-resistant; excellent varieties: Mrs. B.R. Cant (rose), Mrs. Dudley Cross (yellow) and Duchesse de Brandant (pink) Medium shrubs (6 to 9 feet tall) 5 Agarita Mahonia trifoliata 2,3,4,6 Sun Holly-like evergreen foliage; yellow spring flowers; red edible berries Althea Hibiscus syriacas 7 Sun Upright; deciduous; many colors; summer blooming Burford holly Ilex cornuta burfordii 7 E Glossy evergreen foliage 5 Central Texas sage Leucophyllum sp. 2,3,4,6 Sun Dusty gray evergreen foliage; blooms throughout summer Chinese horned holly Ilex cornuta 7 Sun/shade Glossy evergreen foliage Eleagnus Eleagnus fruitlandi 7 Sun Evergreen with grayish-green foliage Forsythia Forsythia intermedia spectabilis 1,3,4,5,6 Sun/shade Yellow spring flowers Fraser photinia Photinia x fraseri 7 Sun/shade Red new foliage; evergreen 11
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  Shrubs (continued) Common name Scientific name Best adapted for Exposure Notes Glossy abelia Abelia grandiflora 7 Sun/shade Bronze evergreen foliage; white or pink flowers Green pittosporum Pittosporum tobira 1,2,3,4,6 Sun/shade Large evergreen shrub Indian hawthorne Raphiolepis indica 7 Sun/shade Spring flowering; blue berries in fall; evergreen Italian jasmine Jasminum humile 7 Sun Sprawling evergreen; yellow summer flowers Juniper Juniperus sp. 1,3,4,5,6 Sun Tough evergreen; many varieties Nandina Nandina domestica 7 Sun/shade Reddish evergreen foliage; red fall berries Pomegranate Punica granatum 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Large, upright shrub; orange blooms; edible fruit; dwarf variety: Chico Variegated pittosporum Pittosporum tobira variegata 1,2,3,4,6 Sun/shade Green/white variegated evergreen shrub Winter honeysuckle Lonicera fragrantissima 7 Sun/shade Fragrant clusters of white flowers in winter Large shrubs (10 to 25 feet tall) 5 American holly Ilex opaca 1 Sun Tree-form holly; evergreen foliage; red berries Arizona cypress Cupressus arizonica 1,3,4,5,6 Sun Evergreen for specimen and windbreak plantings California fan palm Washingtonia filifera 1,2,3 Sun Tree-like palm 5 Cherry laurel Prunus caroliniana 1,2,3,4,6 Sun/shade Tree-like evergreen shrub Chinese photinia Photinia serrulata 1,3,4,5,6 Sun/shade Evergreen; red spring foliage; white spring blooms Crape myrtle Lagerstroemia indica 7 Sun Shrubby to tree-like; summer blooming; many flower colors available Lilac Syringa vulgaris 5 Sun Deciduous blooming shrub; adapted to alkaline soil Mock orange Philadelphus coronarius 1,5 Sun Fragrant white blooms in late spring Oleander Nerium oleander 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Evergreen foliage; summer blooming; many colors available 5 Possumhaw Ilex decidua 1,2,3,4 Sun Deciduous holly; red to orange berries persist through early winter Russian olive Eleagnus angustifolia 4,5,6 Sun/shade Gray foliage; yellow flowers; ever- green for windbreak plantings 5 Texas mountain laurel Sophora secundiflora 2,3,6 Sun/shade Tree-like evergreen shrub; purple spring flowers 5 Texas palmetto Sabal texana 1,2,3,6 Sun Tall, native Texas palm 5 Texas persimmon Diospyros texana 2,3,6 Sun Tree-like; light gray trunk; fruit edible by animals Vitex Vitex agnus-castus 7 Sun Tree-like; flowers blue or white; summer blooming Washington hawthorn Crataegus phaenopyrum 5 Sun Maple-shaped leaves; white flowers; red berries Windmill palm Trachycarpus fortunei 1,2,3,4,6 Sun Tree-like; fibrous bark 5 Yaupon holly Ilex vomitoria 7 Sun/shade Upright evergreen, spineless holly; red to orange berries 12
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  Trees Common name Scientific name Best adapted for Notes Small trees (20 to 35 feet tall) American plum Prunus americana 5 White blooms in spring; sour fruit good for jelly Aristocrat pear Pyrus calleryana ‘Aristocrat’ 1,3,4,5,6 Spring flowers; fall color Bradford pear Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’ 1,3,4,5,6 Spring flowers; fall color 5 Canaert redcedar Juniperus virginiana 7 Evergreen for specimen or windbreak Chinese pistache Pistacia chinensis 7 Spreading canopy; fall color Crabapple Mallus sp. 1,3,4,5,6 Spring flowering tree; many varieties 5 Desert willow Chilopsis linearis 2,3,4,5,6 Snapdragon-like flowers in summer; willow-like foliage 5 Dogwood Cornus florida 1 Graceful tree; large spring blooms of white and pink Eldarica pine Pinus eldarica 2,3,4,6 Best pine for alkaline soils; Christmas-tree shaped Fan d’Arc osage orange Maclura pomifera ‘Fan d’Arc’ 7 Improved fruitless selection 5 Honey mesquite Prosopis glandulosa 2,3,4,6 Lacy spreading form Japanese black pine Pinus thunbergii 7 Rounded small tree; adapted to alkaline soils Japanese persimmon Diospyros kaki 7 Edible showy fruit; glossy green foliage 5 Mexican plum Prunus mexicana 7 Fragrant spring flowers; attractive trunk Nanking cherry Prunus tomentosa 5 Tough, fruiting, shrubby tree Panicled golden raintree Koelreuteria paniculata 3,4,5,6 Showy flowers and seed pods Pink lady euonymus Euonymus bungeanus 5 Alkaline-tolerant; deciduous; light green foliage; showy seeds in fall 5 Redbud Cercis sp. 7 Spring blooming; excellent varieties: Oklahoma and Forest Pansy 5 Slash pine Pinus elliottii 1 Evergreen pine 5 Soapberry Sapindus drummondii 7 Fall color 5 Texas ebony Pithecellobium flexicaule 2 Airy foliage and flowers 5 Wild olive Corida boissieri 2 White flowers and bold foliage Large trees (above 35 feet tall) Austrian black pine Pinus nigra 5 Adapted to wind and cold 5 Bald cypress Taxodium distichum 1,2,3,4,6 Deciduous conifer; fine-textured foliage; fall color 5 Black walnut Juglans nigra 1,5 Good tree but tends to be messy Blue spruce Picea pungens ‘Glauca’ 5 Grayish-blue needles 5 Bur oak Quercus macrocarpa 7 Bold foliage; huge acorns 5 Cedar elm Ulmus crassifolia 7 Upright growth habit; good street tree 5 Chinquapin oak Quercus mehlenbergii 1,2,3,4,6 Round-topped tree; bold foliage Deodar cedar Cedrus deodora 7 Bluish-green conifer 5 Hackberry Celtis occidentalis 5 Variety ‘Shademaster’ particularly recommended for area 5 Honey locust Gleditsia triacanthos 2,3,4,5,6 Thornless varieties available Kentucky coffee tree Gymnocladus dioica 5 Upright tree; fine-textured foliage Lace bark elm Ulmus parvifolia 7 Textured bark; spreading shade tree 5 Live oak Quercus virginiana 1,2,3,4,6 Evergreen shade tree 5 Loblolly pine Pinus taeda 1 Evergreen pine 13
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  Trees (continued) Common name Scientific name Best adapted for Note 5 Pecan Carya illinoensis 7 State tree of Texas; edible nuts Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa 5 Bushy, attractive tree 5 Shumard oak Quercus shumardii 1,2,3,4,5 Fall color 5 Southern magnolia Magnolia grandiflora 1 Bold evergreen tree; large white blooms throughout summer 5 Sweetgum Liquidamber styraciflua 1 Upright growth habit; fall color 5 Texas red oak Quercus texana 7 Fall color 5 Water oak Quercus nigra 1 Holds foliage well into winter 14
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  Produced by AgriculturalCommunications, The Texas A&M University System Extension publications can be found on the Web at: http://texaserc.tamu.edu Educational programs of the Texas Agricultural Extension Service are open to all people without regard to race, color, sex, disability, religion, age or national origin. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of Congress of May 8, 1914, as amended, and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Chester P. Fehlis, Deputy Director, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, The Texas A&M University System. 7.5M, Revision $4.00 per copy