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Obesity
The document discusses obesity in Asia based on a journal from University Kebangsaan Malaysia. It states that 5.8% of the Malaysian population of 29 million are obese, totaling 1.69 million people. Obesity rates are higher among Malays and Indians. Obesity is caused by environmental factors like lack of physical activity, genetic factors, lack of sleep, age and gender. Childhood obesity risk factors include parental obesity and genetic syndromes, while adult obesity risk factors include lifestyle and diet. The document outlines methods for diagnosing, preventing and treating obesity.
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Excess body fat leads to adverse effects; obesity is a major issue in Asia.
Excess body fat leads to adverse effects; obesity is a major issue in Asia.
In Malaysia, 5.8% of 29 million are obese, totaling 1,692,437; higher rates observed in Malays and Indians.
Key factors include environmental, genetic, age, gender, lack of sleep, and lifestyle choices like overeating.
Distinction between childhood and adult obesity; excess fat leads to serious health complications.
Key factors include environmental, genetic, age, gender, lack of sleep, and lifestyle choices like overeating.
Distinction between childhood and adult obesity; excess fat leads to serious health complications.
Adipose tissue remodeling can lead to health issues; it plays roles in metabolism and hormonal signaling.
Adipose tissue remodeling can lead to health issues; it plays roles in metabolism and hormonal signaling.
Symptoms include fatigue, large waistline, joint pain; obesity leads to chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease.
BMI helps classify weight status; waist circumference offers insight into health risk, with specific measurements for men and women.
Strategies include diet therapy, increased physical activity, medications, behavioral therapy, and surgery.
Guidelines for daily caloric intake for different demographics; the importance of sustained activity for weight loss.
Medications like Sibutramine and Orlistat assist in weight loss but have varying efficacy and side effects.
Keeping a diet diary, setting specific goals, and tracking progress are vital for successful weight management.
Surgical methods include restrictive, combined, and malabsorption techniques for weight loss.
Thamilselvi faced obesity complications, adopted a strict diet, and emphasized home involvement for tackling obesity.
Citations from various studies and WHO reports on nutrition, obesity prevalence, and management.
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Obesity
- 2. Excess body fat accumulated to theextend of causing adverse effect
- 4.
- 5. Journal of Obesityin Malaysia by University Kebangsaan Malaysia states that: 5.8% of 29,179,952-obese Number of people obese are 1,692,437 Higher rate-Malays and Indians
- 6. Environmental factors Geneticfactors Lack of sleep Age Gender
- 7.
- 8. • Parental obesity •Prader-Willi syndrome Genetic Factors • Lack of physical activity • Sedentary lifestyle • Over eating Environmental Factors
- 9. Adult Obesity Excess body fat Adipose tissue isthe form of tissue that fat takes in the body. Located just beneath the skin or between other organs such as the muscles and heart. Excess carbohydrates, proteins and dietary fats can be converted into fatty acids and stored as adipose tissue in the body. Too much adipose tissue on your body, it contributes to serious health complications.
- 10. Expansion of theadipose tissue during weight gain leads tissue undergoes a continuous remodeling process that normally maintains tissue health, but may spin out of control and lead to adipocyte death in association with the recruitment and activation of macrophages, and systemic insulin resistance.
- 11. Adipose tissuelocated beneath the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), in bone marrow (yellow bone marrow) and in breast tissue. Adipose depots in different parts of the body have different biochemical profiles. Under normal conditions, it provides feedback for hunger and diet to the brain. Diseased fat tissue surrounding various organs can cause illness.
- 13. Aromatase whichis involved in sex hormone metabolism. TNF Alpha, IL-6 and leptin which are collectively termed „cytokines‟ and are involved in sending messages between cells. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 which is involved in the clotting of blood. Angiotensin which is involved in blood pressure control. Adiponectin which improves the body‟s sensitivity to insulin and so helps to protect against developing type 2 diabetes. Lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein E which are involved in storage and metabolism of fat to release energy.
- 14. Type 2 diabetes Excess body fat Difficulty sleeping extremely large waistline Heavy sweating Lackof energy Pain and soreness in joints and muscles Symptoms
- 15. Consequences of obesity Coronary heart disease stroke Type2 diabetes Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cancer High blood pressure
- 16. Body mass index BMI: BW / H2 Where :- BW = Body Weight (kilograms) H = Height (meters) Measure waist circumference Apple shape ( risk of DM, CVD, HTN ) Waist larger than 40 inch men Waist larger than 35 inch women
- 17. Overweight: BMI25 - 29.9 Obese: BMI > 30 Obesity Class I: 30 - 34.9 Obesity Class II: 35 - 39.9 Extreme Obesity: >40
- 18. Diet therapy Increased Physical Activity Pharmacotherapy Behavioral Therapy Surgery
- 19. Highly ineffectiverate 95 % long term failure Often result in increase weight than before diet Slow weight loss – stable Rapid weight loss – gain weight Rapid weight loss – increase risk of gallstones Low calorie step 1 diet Women Men 1000 – 1200 kcal/day 1200-1600 kcal/day
- 20. Male Age 20-492900 calories/day 50 + 2500 calories/day Female Age 20-49 2300 calories/day 50 + 1900 calories/day Guideline Daily Amount Values Typical values Women Men Children (5-10 years) Calories 2,000 kcal 2,500 kcal 1,800 kcal Protein 45 g 55 g 24 g Carbohydrate 230 g 300g 220 g Sugars 90 g 120 g 85 g Fat 70 g 95 g 70 g Saturates 20 g 30 g 20 g Fibre 24 g 24 g 15 g Salt 6 g 6 g 4 g
- 21. Integral partof weight loss Increase activity never loss weight Sustained activity does prevent weight regain Reduces risk of getting HD & DM Recommended activities
- 22. A) Sibutramine(Serotonin Nor-epinephrineReuptake Inhibitor) : initial dose 10mg/day, max 20mg/day. Reduces food intake, increase HR and BP. B) Orlistat: Lipase inhibitor : 120mg PO TID. Alters metabolism, dec absorption of dietary fat.
- 23. Keep ajournal of diet/diary Set spesific goals Keep track of improvement
- 24. Surgery Restrictive Combined restrictive & malabsorption Verticalband gastroplasty Gastric Banding Laproscopic gastric banding Roux-en-y gastric bypass Biliopancreatic diversion
- 25.
- 27. P. Thamilselvisuffered obesity for years She had several complications due to obesity for instance; She had difficulties of breathing while doing heaving activities Stress and depression
- 28. Thamilselvi consultedher physical dietician She started a strict diet : Oats Green tea Green apple Cut down rice intake, oily foods and food contain high fat
- 29.
- 30. “Sebab mulutbadan binasa” – “Body perish because of the mouth” obesity is best tackled at home through improved self involvement, increased physical exercise, better diet and restraint from eating.
- 31. Ismail MN.The nutrition and health transition in Malaysia. Public Health Nutrition 2002; 5: 191–195. World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. WHO Obesity Technical Report Series no. 894. WHO: Geneva, 2000. Ismail MN, Tan CL. Prevalence of obesity in Malaysia. In: Inoue & Zimmet (eds). The Asia–Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and its Treatment. WHO(WPRO)/IASO/IOTF: Health Communications Australia, 2000 pp 10–13. Ismail MN, Vickneswary EN. Prevalence of obesity in Malaysia: data from three ethnic populations. In: Inoue & Zimmet (eds). The Asia – Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and its Treatment. WHO (WRRO)/IASO/10TF: Health Communication Australia, 2000.