Occupational and bio safety in food industries

Occupational and bio safety in food industries

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  Occupational and BioSafety in Food Industries Geetika K. Gopi
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  Occupational Health o Occupationalhealth or industrial hygiene includes the development of corrective measures in order to control health hazards by either reducing or eliminating exposures o Control of occupational health hazards that arise as a result of or during work activities o Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of occupational related diseases and accidents caused by physical, chemical and biological agents
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  Occupational Safety Workers infood industries are exposed to a wide range of hazards. o Same level falls or fall from heights o Exposure to sharp instruments and falling objects o Collision with transport equipments o Work posture injuries o Exposure to noise, heat and cold, dust, radiation, electricity o Work in confined spaces
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  Occupational Safety- Sources Biological •Dust and aerosols • Micro organisms • Insects and rodents Heat • Steam peeling • Pasteurization • Irradiation Cold • Refrigeration
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  Occupational Safety- ChemicalHazards Chemicals exposure sources • cleaning operations • disinfection process • use of preservatives • maintenance of heating and cooling systems Dangerous chemical substances types • Corrosive • Oxidizing • Harmful • Very toxic and toxic • Irritant • Highly flammable • Explosive
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  Health Effects Physical Hazards •Heat stress • Stroke • Cramps • Exhaustion Chemical Hazards • Asphyxiation • Systematic intoxication • Pneumoconiosis • Irritation Noise • Auditory effects- permanent or temporary hearing loss • Non auditory effects- fatigue, interference, decreased  and annoyance Biological Hazards • Skin irritation • Allergic reactions
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  Occupational Safety Measures oProvide workers with safety gears; anti-slip footwear, helmet, etc. o Good plant layout to avoid collisions; handrails, transport passage, work area o Grounding of electrical equipments o Good ventilation and illumination o Proper worker trainings for safety and hygiene, first aid, fire drills, emergency response training o Avoid spillage of liquids
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  Occupational Safety Measures oEngineering tools should be enclosed, isolated o Proper maintenance of tools and machineries to reduce undue force and noise o Administrative controls; shift allotment, long resting periods o Plant sanitation; adequate water supply, waste disposal o Good house keeping & maintenance; regular cleaning schedule o Availability of medical practitioners and services on demand
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  Bio Safety o Mechanismdeveloped through policy and procedures to ensure the environmentally safe application of biotechnology. o It addresses the safe handling and containment of infectious microorganisms and hazardous biological materials. o Four containment or bio safety levels • BSL-1 to BSL-4 • Increasing levels of personnel and environmental protection • Guidelines for working in laboratories
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  Bio Safety Principles oContainment microbiological practices, safety equipment & facility safeguards that protect laboratory workers, the environment & the public from exposure to infectious agents that are handled & stored in the laboratory o Risk assessment process that enables the appropriate selection of microbiological practices, safety equipment & facility safeguards that can prevent laboratory-associated infection (LAI)
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  Bio Safety RiskAssessment oHazardous characteristics of a known infectious or potentially infectious agent or material (agent hazards) oActivities that can result in a person’s exposure to an agent (lab procedure hazards & capability to control hazards) oLikelihood that such exposure will cause a laboratory- associated infection (LAI) oProbable consequences of such an infection
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  Bio safety levelDescription Sample Organisms Pathogen Type Autoclave Requirements BSL – 1 •No Containment •Defined organisms •Unlikely to cause disease E. Coli Agents that present minimal potential hazard to personnel & the environment. None BSL – 2 •Containment •Moderate Risk •Disease of varying severity Influenza, HIV, Lyme Disease Agents associated with human disease & pose moderate hazards to personnel & the environment. None BSL – 3 •High containment •Aerosol Transmission •Serious/Potentially lethal disease Tuberculosis Indigenous or exotic agents that present a potential for aerosol transmission, & agents causing serious or potentially lethal disease. Pass-thru autoclave with Bioseal required in laboratory room. BSL – 4 •Max Containment •“Exotic,” High- Risk Agents •Life-threatening disease Ebola Virus Dangerous & exotic agents that pose a risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections & in life threatening disease Pass-thru autoclave with Bioseal required in laboratory room.
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  Biological Containment Elements ofContainment • Laboratory Practice & Technique • Safety Equipment (Primary Barriers & Personal Protective Equipment) • Facility Design & Construction (Secondary Barriers)
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  Elements of Containment oProtection to workers in the biological labs from exposure to chemical and biological hazards. • biological safety cabinets, fume hoods • gloves, lab coats, safety glasses o Architectural design of industries that prevent worker contamination and escape of pathogens from the labs into the environment.
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  Risk group Biosafety level Laboratorytype Laboratory practices Safety equipment 1 Basic – Biosafety Level 1 Basic teaching research GMT None; open bench work 2 Containment – Biosafety Level 2 Primary health services, diagnostic research GMT Plus protective clothing, biohazard sign Open bench plus BSC for potential aerosols 3 High containment – Biosafety Level 3 Special diagnostic research As level 2 plus special clothing, controlled access, directional air flow BSC and/or other primary devices for all activities 4 Maximum Containment – Biosafety Level 4 Dangerous Pathogen units As level 3 plus airlock entry, shower exit, special waste disposal Class III BSC or positive pressure suits in conjunction with class II BSCs, double ended autoclave( through the wall), filtered air GMT: Good Microbiological Techniques BSC: Biological Safety Cabinet
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  Lab Safety Trainings oOSHA International- Occupational Safety and Health Administration o National Institute of Health [NIH], U.S. Department of Health & Human Services