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Occupational health hazards
This document summarizes various occupational health hazards. It discusses five main types of hazards: physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, and psychosocial. Physical hazards include heat, cold, light, noise, vibration, ultraviolet radiation, and ionizing radiation. Chemical hazards include dusts, gases, and metals that can be inhaled or cause skin reactions. Biological hazards refer to infectious agents encountered in healthcare or agriculture. Mechanical hazards involve moving machinery parts. Psychosocial hazards arise from psychological stress at work and can cause psychological or psychosomatic health effects. The document provides examples of diseases associated with different occupational hazards.
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Occupational health hazards
- 1. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS Soni Gurung Bachleor in Public Health SOURCE:-PARK’S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE K.PARK
- 2. CONTENT • Introduction • Types • Consequences due to differents types of hazards
- 3. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS • Or called as occupational diseases • They are those diseases caused by the exposure to specific hazards at the workplace. Characterstitics:- Occurs mainly among working places Exposure to workplace is essential Notifiable and compensable
- 4. Occupational Hazards Dependingupon the occupation an industrial worker may be exposed to five types of hazards:- A. Physical Hazards B. Chemical Hazards C. Biological Hazards D. Mechanical Hazards E. Psychosocial Hazards
- 5. Physical Hazards Heatand cold Light Noise Vibration Ultraviolet radiation Ionizing radiation
- 6. DISEASES DUE TOPHYSICAL AGENTS A) HEAT AND COLD HEAT COLD Direct effects:- Burns Heat exhaustion Heat stroke and Heat cramps Indirect effects are:- Decreased efficiency Increased fatigue Enhanced accidents rates Effects associated with cold works are:- Chilblains Erythrocyanosis Frostbite General hypothermia
- 7. B) LIGHT POORILLUMINATION EXCESSIVE BRIGHTNESS Acute effects:- Eye strain Headache Eye pain Lacrimation Congestion around cornea Eye fatigue Chronic effects:- Miner’s nystagmus Effects due to glare :- Discomfort, annoyance and visual fatigue Blurring of vision
- 8. C) NOISE Auditoryeffects Non-auditory effects It includes:- Temporary hearing loss Permanent hearing loss It includes:- Nervousness Fatigue Interference in communication by speech Decreased efficiency and annoyance The degree of injury from the exposure to the noise depends upon a number of factors such as intensity and frequency range, duration of exposure and individual susceptibility.
- 9. D) VIBRATION •It is encounter in work with drills and hammers • Continuous work with such machines affects hands and arms. • The blood vessels of fingers may become increasingly sensitive to spasm. • It may also produce injuries of the joints of the hands, elbow shoulder.
- 10. E) ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION • Mainly occurs in arc and other electric welding process • Effects due to ultraviolet radiation are:- It mainly effects the eye causing:- Intense conjunctivitis Keratitis
- 11. F) IONIZING RADIATION Effects due to ionizing radiation are:- Cancer Leukemia Ulceration Genetic changes • Chromosomal mutation eg sterility Malformation And ultimately death
- 12. A) Disease dueto Physical agents Heat Prickly heat, syncope, heat hyper pyrexia, heat exhaustion Cold Hypo-thermia, frostbite, Treench foots Light Occupational cataract Noise Deafness Radiation Cancer, Leukaemia Vivration Sensitive to spasm
- 13. Chemical hazards Localaction Inhalation Dusts Gases Metal and their compounds
- 14. LOCAL ACTION •Chemicals cause irritation, allergic reaction, dermatitis, eczema, ulcers and even cancer. Chemicals causing occupational skin disease:- Machine oil Caustic Lime Some chemical like aromatic nitro and amino compounds absorb through skin and cause systematic effects Eg alinine
- 15. Disease due thechemical Agents Diseases due to chemical agents Diseases 1) Gases (co2 , co, NH3, N2, H2S, SO2 - ,etc) Gas poisioning 2) Dusts (Pneumoconiosis) I. Inorganic dusts:- a) Coal dusts b) Silica c) Asbestos d) Iron II. Organic dusts:- a. Cane fiber b. Cotton duct c. Tobacco a. Hay or grain dust Anthracosis Silicosis Asbestosis, Lungs cancer Siderosis Bagassosis Byssinosis Tobacossis Farmer’s lung
- 16. Metals and theircompounds (due to inhalation) Toxic hazards from lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, etc. Disease due to biological agents Anthrax, Tuberculosis, encephalitis Leismaniasis, Hepatitis, fungal infections etc Occupational cancer Cancer of skin, lungs, Bladder. Occupational dermatitis Dermatitis, Eczema
- 17. Biological Hazards •Workers exposed to infective and parasitic agents at the place of work. • Mainly prevalent in developing countries resulting in higher risk for the workers.
- 18. • People exposedto the occupation like:- In health care setting workers are in high risk of Hepatitis, Tuberculosis, HIV, encephalitis, etc. Agricultural workers , people working on animal husbandry animal products are in risk of zoonotic disease, worm infestation, tetanus, etc.
- 19. Mechanical Hazards •May cause due to protruding moving parts of machinery. • Sometimes due to own carelessness
- 20. Psychosocial Hazards •Rise when worker fails to adopt to an alien psychosocial environment which leads to psychological factors such as:- Frustration Lack of job satisfaction Poor human relationship Emotional tensions etc
- 21. The health effectscause due to psychosocial hazards are:- 1. Psychological and behavioural change 2. Psychosomatic ill health
- 22. Psychological and behaviouralchange It includes:- Hostility/ unfriendly Anxiety Depression Tiredness Aggressiveness Drug abuse Absenteeism
- 23. Psychosomatic ill health It includes:- Fatigue Pain in shoulder, neck and back Prone to peptic ulcer Hypertension Heart disease Rapid aging
- 24.