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![GENETICS
There appear to be some genetic components with identical
twins more often affected than non-identical twins.[2] Further,
individuals with OCD are more likely to have first-degree family
members exhibiting the same disorders than do matched
controls.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ocd-160213102357/85/Ocd-6-320.jpg)
![GENETICS
There appear to be some genetic components with identical
twins more often affected than non-identical twins.[2] Further,
individuals with OCD are more likely to have first-degree family
members exhibiting the same disorders than do matched
controls.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ocd-160213102357/75/Ocd-6-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byshemil Palliyal
Ocd
1) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and behaviors that one feels compelled to repeat, like checking things repeatedly or performing certain routines. 2) OCD affects about 1-2% of people worldwide at some point in their lives, with symptoms usually beginning before age 35. 3) While the causes are unknown, genetics and environmental factors like illness or abuse may play a role. Treatment involves medication like SSRIs and psychotherapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy.
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Ocd
- 1. MR. SHEMIL PALLIYAL CLINICALINSTRUCTOR DMWIMS WAYANAD
- 2. INTRODUCTION Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)is a mental disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly, perform certain routines repeatedly, or have certain thoughts repeatedly.
- 3. DEFIINITION OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)IS A COMMON, CHRONIC AND LONG-LASTING DISORDER IN WHICH A PERSON HAS UNCONTROLLABLE, REOCCURRING THOUGHTS (OBSESSIONS) AND BEHAVIORS (COMPULSIONS) THAT HE OR SHE FEELS THE URGE TO REPEAT OVER AND OVER.
- 4. EPIDEMIOLOGY Obsessive–compulsive disorder affectsabout 2.3% of people at some point in their life. Rates during a given year are about 1.2% and it occurs world wide. It is unusual for symptoms to begin after the age of thirty five and half of people develop problems before twenty. Males and females are affected about equally.
- 5.
- 6. GENETICS There appear tobe some genetic components with identical twins more often affected than non-identical twins.[2] Further, individuals with OCD are more likely to have first-degree family members exhibiting the same disorders than do matched controls.
- 7. INFECTION Rapid onset ofOCD in children and adolescents may be caused by a syndrome connected to Group A streptococcal infections (PANDAS) or caused by immunologic reactions to other pathogens (PANS).
- 8. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: There areenvironmental stressors that can trigger OCD in people with a tendency toward developing the condition Abuse Changes in living situation Illness Death of a loved one Work- or school-related changes or problems Relationship concern
- 9.
- 10. Obsessions are repeatedthoughts, urges, or mental images that cause anxiety. Common symptoms include: Fear of germs or contamination Unwanted forbidden or taboo thoughts involving sex, religion, and harm Aggressive thoughts towards others or self Having things symmetrical or in a perfect order
- 11. Compulsions are repetitivebehaviors that a person with OCD feels the urge to do in response to an obsessive thought. Common compulsions include: Excessive cleaning and/or handwashing Ordering and arranging things in a particular, precise way Repeatedly checking on things, such as repeatedly checking to see if the door is locked or that the oven is off Compulsive counting
- 12. Not allrituals or habits are compulsions. Everyone double checks things sometimes. But a person with OCD generally: Can't control his or her thoughts or behaviors, even when those thoughts or behaviors are recognized as excessive Spends at least 1 hour a day on these thoughts of behaviors Doesn’t get pleasure when performing the behaviors or rituals, but may feel brief relief from the anxiety the thoughts cause Experiences significant problems in their daily life due to these thoughts or behaviors
- 13. Some individuals withOCD also have a tic disorder. Motor tics are sudden, brief, repetitive movements, such as eye blinking and other eye movements, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head or shoulder jerking. Common vocal tics include repetitive throat- clearing, sniffing, or grunting sound
- 15. There is nolab test to diagnose OCD. The doctor bases his or her diagnosis on an assessment of the patient's symptoms, including how much time the person spends performing his or her ritual behaviors.
- 16. Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS) The scale is a 10-item scale, each item rated from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (extreme symptoms), yielding a total possible score range from 0 to 40. The scale includes questions about the amount of time the patient spends on obsessions, how much impairment or distress. The same types of questions are asked about compulsions (e.g., time spent, interference, etc.) as well. The results can be interpreted based on the total score.
- 17. Y-BOCS SCORE 0–7is sub-clinical; 8–15 is mild; 16–23 is moderate; 24–31 is severe; 32–40 is extreme
- 18.
- 19. TREATMENT OCD is typicallytreated with medication, psychotherapy or a combination of the two. Although most patients with OCD respond to treatment, some patients continue to experience symptoms.
- 20. MEDICATION 1. Serotonin reuptakeinhibitors (SRIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to help reduce OCD symptoms. 2. If symptoms do not improve with these types of medications, research shows that some patients may respond well to an antipsychotic medication
- 21. PSYCHOTHERAPY Psychotherapy can bean effective treatment for adults and children with OCD. Research shows that certain types of psychotherapy, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and other related therapies (e.g., habit reversal training) can be as effective as medication for many individuals. Research also shows that a type of CBT called Exposure and Response Prevention (EX/RP) is effective in reducing compulsive behaviors in OCD
- 23. OCD cannot beprevented. However, early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the time a person spends suffering from the condition.