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- 2. WHAT IS GIS A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data. GIS can be used as tool in both problem solving and decision making processes, as well as for visualization of data in a spatial environment. Geospatial data can be analyzed to determine; I. the location of features and relationships to other features, II. where the most and/or least of some feature exists, III. the density of features in a given space, IV. what is happening inside an area of interest (AOI), V. what is happening nearby some feature or phenomenon, VI. how a specific area has changed over time (and in what way).
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- 4. REMOTE SENSING Remotesensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area at a distance from the targeted area. Special cameras collect remotely sensed images of the Earth, which help researchers "sense" things about the Earth.
- 5. USES OF REMOTESENSING THROUGH IMAGERY IN GIS Hazard assessment: Track hurricanes, earthquakes, erosion, and flooding. Data can be used to assess the impacts of a natural disaster and create preparedness strategies to be used before and after a hazardous event. Natural resource management: Monitor land use, map wetlands, and chart wildlife habitats. Data can be used to minimize the damage that urban growth has on the environment and help decide how to best protect natural resources. Large forest fires can be mapped from space, allowing rangers to see a much larger area than from the ground. Tracking clouds to help predict the weather or watch erupting volcanos, and help watch for thunder storms. Tracking the growth of a city and changes in farmland or forests over several years or even decades. Discovery and mapping of the rugged topography of the earth’s surface(e.g., huge mountain ranges, deep canyons, and valleys).
- 6. MAPPING Mapping isthe creation of maps, a graphic symbolic representation of the significant features of a part of the surface of the Earth. In GIS we use ArcGIS, QGIS and ILWIS software to design maps and the software has many tools which helps in map design. The tools such as buffering, clipping, geo-referencing, digitization, GPS and so forth helps in decision making and easy location of phenomena of the earth. Goggle earth also comes in handy in mapping for basic visualization of the field of survey. Maps are used to acquire data for comparison, decision making, location and for analysis.
- 7. Mapping tools inArcGIS BUFFERING DIGITIZATION GEO-REFERENCING
- 8. APPLICABILITY OF GIS Urban Planning: GIS technology is used to analyze the urban growth and its direction of expansion, and to find suitable sites for further urban development. Transportation Planning: GIS can be used in managing transportation and logistical problems. Environmental Impact Analysis: EIA is an important policy initiative to conserve natural resources and environment. Agricultural Applications: GIS can be used to create more effective and efficient farming techniques. Determine land use/land cover changes: The role of GIS technology in land use and land cover applications is that we can determine land use/land cover changes in the different areas Navigation (routing and scheduling): Web-based navigation maps encourage safe navigation in waterway.
- 9. APPLICABILITY CONTI… NaturalResources Management: By the help of GIS technology the agricultural, water and forest resources can be well maintain and manage . Wetland Mapping: Wetlands contribute to a healthy environment and retain water during dry periods, thus keeping the water table high and relatively stable. Assets Management and Maintenance: GIS helps organizations to gain efficiency even in the face of finite resources and the need to hold down the cost GIS for Planning and Community Development: GIS helps us to better understand our world so we can meet global challenges Deforestation: GIS is used to indicate the degree of deforestation and vital causes for the deforestation process. GIS is used to monitor deforestation.
- 10. WHY DO LOCALAUTHORITIES NEED GIS • Identification of Council assets i.e. roads, bridges, drainage, buildings, etc, property assessment and management, utility maintenance. • Identification of private infrastructure i.e. houses, clubs, • Identification of Population density to identify community concentrations and improve social services and resource distribution. • Identification of wetlands and other resourceful areas that needs sustainable management. • Identification of geomorphology to understand the terrain of the environment incase of development and community expansion. • Identification of wildfire prone areas, to understand where wildfire may present risk to development • Identification of rainfall intensity and locality to understand areas which need support incase of drought
- 11. CONTI… • Identify thetrue shape of the land using digital elevation maps (DEM) to understand natural water flows and drainage. Strategic planning, future development Customer service, location of points of interest Property identification, parcel boundaries Event (crime, fires, accidents)
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