2012 International Symposium on ICT Development in Indonesia, Lombok , July 4-5, 2012




       Open Data & Social Media:
     Recent Trends in e-Government

                                      By
                         Abiyot Bayou (PhD Candidate)
                            ( abiyotb@yahoo.com)
                                       &
                              Hangjung, Zo (Prof.)
                             Global IT Technology Program
                   Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
Content
•   Back Ground
•   Open Government & Open Data
•   Open Government Data (OGD)
•   Benefits of OGD
•   Conceptual Model
•   Trends in OGD
•   Social Media in Government
•   Open Data & Social media: Conclusion
•   Some Research Issues
                                           2
Methodology
• Desktop Research
• Data Sources
  – UN 2012 e-Government Survey
  – Deloitte Analytics Research Document, 2011
  – Pew Research, 2010
  – US government Digital Government Strategy, May
    2012
  – Other recent literatures and websites
• Objectives
  – Describing Open Data & Social Networking as current
    trends in e-government

                                                      3
Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

My Administration is committed to creating an unprecedented level of openness in
Government…….I direct the Chief Technology Officer,…….., to coordinate the
development ……, within 120 days, of recommendations for an Open Government
Directive

BARACK OBAMA


• Open Government Directive.
     – Government should be
                – Transparent:
                     with information about agency operations and
                     decisions available to the public online.             How to achieve ?

                – participatory,
                     tapping the collective expertise of the
                     public in government decision-making
                     processes.

                – collaborative,
                     using technology to share and cooperate with
                    other agencies, businesses and nonprofits, and
                    the public at large.
• The Digital Government Strategy
      – Enable the people to access high-quality
        digital government information and services
        anywhere, anytime, on any device.
      – Unlock the power of government data to spur
        innovation across the Nation and improve the
        quality of services for the people.
         • Ensure that as the government adjusts to this new
           digital world, seize the opportunity to procure and
           manage devices, applications, and data in
           smart, secure and affordable ways.




http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/egov/digital-government/digital-government.html
L o o k i n g
                                                f o r
                                                g o v e r n me
• “Government as a platform”,                   n t d a t a
                                                (P e w
   – Citizens can use open government data to   Re s e a r c h ,
     build their own tools and collaborate       2010)
                                                •
     directly in the process of governing           Ci t i z e n s
                                                    a r e
               (Tim O’Reilly )                      g o i n g
                                                    o n l i n e

   – For many good government                       t o s e e
                                                    h o w
     advocates, providing citizens with             f e d e r a l
                                                    s t i mu l u s
     access to vast stores of previously-           mo n e y i s
                                                    b e i n g
     unavailable government data                    s p e n t a t
                                                    Re c o v e r y
     represents the internet’s greatest             .g o v (23
                                                    p e r c e n t
     promise for improving the relationship         o f
     between the government and its                 s u r v e y e d
                                                    I n t e r n e t
     constituents                                   u s e r s ), r
                                                    e a d o r
                                                    d o wn l o a d
                                                    t h e t e x t
                                                    o f
                                                    l e g i s l a t
Open data
 Data that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone -
subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and share
alike

                   • The data must be available as a whole and at no
Availability         more than a reasonable reproduction cost,
and Access         • preferably by downloading over the internet.
                   • must also be available in a convenient and
                     modifiable form


                   • The data must be provided under terms that permit
 Reuse and
                     reuse and redistribution including the intermixing
Redistribution
                     with other datasets.


                   • everyone must be able to use, reuse and
                     redistribute –
 Universal         • there should be no discrimination against fields of
Participation        endeavor or against persons or groups (including
                     commercial use)                                       7
What is open Government data?
Public Sector information that has been made
available to the public as open data

 • Public data
    – help people understand         how
      government works and           how
      policies are made
 • Already available,
    – “Open” brings it together in one
      searchable website.
 • Making this data easily available         •   Example: The White House
                                                 digital government strategy
    – it will be easier for people to make         – explicitly embraces
      decisions and suggestions about                  releasing open data in APIs
                                                       to enable more
      government policies based on                     accountability, civic utility
      detailed information.                            and economic value
                                                       creation.
Public data



                                         – collected and
– Objective          – On which public     generated in the
– Factual              service run and     curse of public
– No personal data   – policy decision     service delivery
                       are based




                                                         9
Open Government Data

                                                        Data




                                        Open                          Government
                                        data                          data
                                               Open Government Data



                                                                           Government
                        Open

                                               Open-Government




Adapted from: Open Knowledge Foundation 2010                                            10
Open Government Data (OGD)
• Open data is the idea that certain data should be
  freely available to everyone to use and republish
  as they wish, without restrictions from
  copyright, patents or other mechanisms of
  control.
• Open government applications seek to
   – empower consumers,
   – help small businesses,
   – or to create value in some other
     positive, constructive way.
• Open government data helps
   – improving education,
   – improving government, and
   – building tools to solve other real world problems


                                                         11
How it helps
How Open Data can help you
•     Excerpt from VanRoekel’s (Federal Chief
      Information Officer of the US) interview
•     For example real estate. When you're
      buying a home, why doesn't it manifest to
      you the myriad of data that the
      government has locked up about
        – school quality,
        – healthcare quality,
        – infrastructure investments,
        – broadband, everything else that
            people really care about when
            they're picking a place to live?
•     We don't do that — we do roof
      composition and the number of
      bathrooms, and that's typically the extent
      of it. Some services are doing a better job
      with other government data but largely
      it's pretty silo'ed and not very specific to
      what Americans really care about.



    Source: http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/05/white-house-launches-new-digit.html
Power of OGD
    Park ‘s recent interview with CNN on June 14 2012 about Obama's
    high-tech agenda, the power of big government data …

    It's the notion of government taking a public good, which is this data …… making it available
    in electronic, computable form and having entrepreneurs and innovators of all stripes turn it
    into an unbelievable array of products and services that improves lives and create jobs.
    …………
    I think the key there is that if you make data available to everybody else, ……
    …..We are enabling entrepreneurs and innovators across all walks of life to tap into fields of   Todd Park , a federal
    data sitting in the vaults of government in machine-readable form.                               technology officer,




                                       "We are sending a strong signal to administrations today. Your data is
                                       worth more if you give it away. So start releasing it now: use this
                                       framework to join the other smart leaders who are already gaining
                                       from embracing open data. Taxpayers have already paid for this
                                       information, the least we can do is give it back to those who want to
                                       use it in new ways that help people and create jobs and growth.”
                                       (European Commission - Press release IP/11/1524 )
Commission Vice President Neelie
Kroes




                                                                                                                     13
Benefit of OGD
• One direct benefit of OGD is richer
  governmental transparency:
    – citizens are now able to access             Opaque
      the raw government data behind                                  Raw Data
      the previously-opaque                      Application
      applications.
    – Rather than being merely “read-
      only” users, citizens can now
      participate in collaborative
      government data
      access, including                           Read Only       Collaborative access
         • “mashing up” distributed
           government data from different
           agencies,
         • discovering interesting patterns,
         • customizing applications, and
         • providing feedback to enhance the
           quality of published government
           data.
                                                  Reactive             Proactive



Ding, Li et al (2011) “TWC LOGD: A Portal for Linked Open Government Data Ecosystems”.
Journal of Web Semantics 00 (2011) 1–10
Benefit of OGD

• Promote Innovation
• Promote Democracy                         •   linking governments with app
                                                programmers   .
                                            •   Gov. From Data publisher to A
                                                development Platform
          Transactional
                                                 Open Data
         e-Government

  -   Cost + Time efficient
                                      -   Increased Participation
  -   Security
                                      -   Increased Transparency
  -   Service Delivery
                                      -   Increased accountability
  -   Data is owned by
                                      -   Data is a public good
      government



            Customer                              Citizen
Technical Access to OGD
Technical & Legal access to OGD should,
• Ensure no dependency on the original
  provider of the data by using bulk download,.
• Allow anyone else that obtain a copy can
  redistribute it.
• Facilitate others to develop their own
  services using the data,


                                                  16
Conceptual Model


                               Customers & Citizens

                               Citizens

                            Employees

                       Government                        Private                Presentation
                          Digital                        Digital                Layer
                         Services                       Services

                                                                                Platform Layer
                         System Processes and WEB APIs



                               Open Data and Content                              Information
                                                                                  Layer

Adopted From: Digital Government: Building 21st Century platform to better Serve the American People, 23 may 2012
Formats of Data Sets
•   Examples:                            • For Humans:
•   CSV/XLS            Comma-                     web pages, Documents
    Separated Value Lists / Excel        • For Download and Manipulation
    spreadsheet
•   TXT Raw Text files                       • Tabular eg CSV
•   XML    eXtensible Markup
                                             • Geographical eg KML
    Language                             • For Machines
•   RDF Resource Description                 • For Application eg. XML
    Framework, used for modelling            • Linked Data e.g
    information
                                                RDF, OWL, URIs
•   KML/KMZ             Keyhole markup
    language, suitable for viewing in        • Over the wb eg. Web
    Google Earth, Google Maps or                Services, API
    other supported applications
•   ESRI shapefile overlays (spatial
    data)
•   etc
Data Format & Re-usability




                                                Open Data + URL+
                                                Link your data to
                                                 others to create
                                                     context

                                 Open format + URL to identify data




                                                                                            Reusability
                         Use open non proprietary standard (CSV, XML)


                       Structured data ( Ex. MS Excel instead of Scanned
                                             image


                                    Data available on the web

Adapted from : Open Data White Paper, Unleashing the potential, June 2012 (UK Government)                 19
http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/CM8353_acc.pdf
More Open                                  Innovative                        Responsive
                Government                                Government                         Government



    Make raw public data easy to access       Drive innovation by letting user         Increase responsiveness by
               and reuse                                  design                       tuning into social networks

•       Make Data easily accessible online    •   Tap the creativity of citizens   •    Obtain real time feedback
•       Make online data in accessible        •   Break down government silos           on policy
        formats                               •   Generate healthy competition     •    Crowd source ideas
•       Encourage Collaboration between       •   Change the culture               •    Communicate faster and
        government departments                                                          better
•       Inform the public
•       Enhance accountability


    •    Government wide strategy and         •   Recognize the power of user      •    Systematically monitor what
         policy of providing open access to       designed application                  citizens are saying about
         data                                 •   Design strategies for                 policies and services
    •    Promoting government openness            capturing the potential of       •    Participate in social
    •    Encouraging Citizen participation        user designed application             networks
         and engagement                       •   Provide a much useful data as    •    Update regularly social
                                                  possible based on user                media marketing strategy of
                                                  demand                                the government
                                              •   Let users decide which data is
                                                  useful
In General OGD

• Creates Opportunity of
  – Stimulating growth and innovation
    in the private sector
  – Creating the potential to improve
    public outcomes in nearly limitless
    way
• By Combining
  – The resourcefulness of online
    citizens & entrepreneurs, with
  – The power of factual data
                                          21
Trends in OGD
• It is a Global movement and
  collaboration, Supported by
       – The Open Government Partnership ( Founded by
         Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, Norway, Philippines, South
         Africa, United Kingdom, United States & has other 47
         member states)
         http://www.opengovpartnership.org/about
       – US Government http://www.data.gov/communities/
       – The World Bank (World Bank Open Data Initiatives)
       – www.datacatalogs.org ( comprehensive list of open
         data)
       – http://opendatacommons.org/ , Open Data
         Commons, Legal tool for open Data
       – Open Knowledge Foundation
       – Others…
(Useful Open Data Rsources@ http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEDEVELOPMENT/Resources/UsefulOpenDataResources.pdf)




                                                                                                                        22
Open data websites in government (Examples)


        Website            Government            Lunch date
   1    Data.gov           U.S.                  May 2009.
   2    Data.gov.uk        U.K.                  September 2009.
   3    data.govt.nz       New Zealand           Nov 2009.
   4    data.norge.no      Norwegian             April 2010.
   5    Data.gov.au        Australian            March 2011.
   6    Data.gc.ca         Canadian              March 2011.
   7    opendata.go.ke     Kenyan                Jul 2011.
   8    data.overheid.nl   Dutch                 Oct 2011.
   9    datos.gob.cl       Chilean               Sept 2011.
   10   data.gov.it        Italian               October 2011.
   11   datos.gob.es       Spanish               October 2011.
   12   datos.gub.uy       Uruguayan             November 2011.
   13   data.gouv.fr       French                December 2011.
   14   dados.gov.br       Brazilian             April 2012




                                     wikipedia                     23
Source: http://www.data.gov/opendatasites#mapanchor
Source: 2012 UN e-Government Survey




                                      25
Purposes of OGD websites
    Country   Purpose/Example
0   US        to make government more transparent and is committed
              to creating an unprecedented level of openness in
              Government; l strengthen Nation's democracy and
              promote efficiency and effectiveness in Government.        Democracy
1   Australia in order to promote greater participation in Australia’s
              democracy; Encourage public access to and reuse of
              government data
2   New       Make it easier and low cost for businesses,
    Zealand researchers, analysts and journalists and                     Economic
              anyone with an interest in information - to                  growth
              access the data they need and which can
              promote economic growth
3   Canada to create socio-economic opportunities and promote
              informed participation by the public by expanding
              access to federal government data                          Transparency
4   UK        to help people understand how government works and
              how policies are made
5   Kenya     Foster an innovation eco-system around Government
              data                                                        Innovation
6   Ireland   to improve access to the Irish Government data and to
              esablish an innovative platform that can demonstrate
              to government how and why they should share data                   26
Kenyan Open Data

– Makes public government data accessible to the
  people of Kenya.
– High quality national census data, government
  expenditure, parliamentary proceedings and
  public service locations etc
– The data is key to improving
   • transparency;
   • unlocking social and economic value;
   • and building Government 2.0 in Kenya.

 https://opendata.go.ke/
• Kenyan OpenData
https://opendata.go.ke/
• What is actually available?
   – various datasets available, from central
     government departments and a number
     of other public sector bodies and local
     authorities.
• one can use the data in all sorts of ways.
   – Public:
      • analyze trends over time from one policy area,
        or to compare how different parts of
        government go about their work.
   – Technical users :
      • will be able to create useful applications out of
        the raw data files, which can then be used by
        everyone.
Challenges
• Legacy IT architecture and Data Format
• Long standing Laws and Policies
• Existing public sector culture
   – Secrecy
   – New type of relationship
• Privacy related issues
   – Personal data
   – Anonymized data & Di-anonymization
   – Pseudo-namized data
• Cost of Data
• Un-intended consequences

                                           30
Government engagement
                using social media
• Using Social Media
  – Helps people be more informed about what gov't is
    doing (82%)
  – Makes government agencies and officials more
    accessible (78%)
  – Just delivers the same government information in
    different ways (72%)
  – (is a waste of government money (41/52%)
• Social Media                                   • Through Social
   – Enable two way        • Government            media Agencies
     communication in        agencies use
     real time                                      – Inform citizens
                             Social media to        – Promote their
   – Citizens can be
                              – improve public        services
     engaged as co-
                                services            – Seek public
     producer of
     services                 – Reduce costs          view and feed
   – (EX. 66 % of US          – Increase              back
     agencies use Social        transparency        – Monitor
     media                                            satisfaction




                                                                 32
Trends in Social Media in Government
• UN e-government Survey 2012
      – Government website of 78 member
        state (40%) provides statements
        “follow us on Facebook or twitter”
      – 14 governments web sites (7%)
        provides tools to obtain raw public
        opinion through chat rooms or an
        IM features

•    Social Media increase citizens usage of e-Service
•    Foster Social inclusiveness by reducing the e-service
     usage divide among different socio-economic groups
•    Indirect effect on e-Service=> greater social media
     usage may increase trust and increase take up of e-
     service
Trends in Social Media in Gov.




                                 34
Trends in Social Media in Gov




                                35
• Open Data & Social Media: Beyond
  transparency and service improvement
  – Create possibility to users co-produce e-
    Government information and services
  – Collaboration with government to produce
    services that are in the interests of citizens
  – Collaboratively designing services
  – Emergency response, recruiting volunteers
Some Research Issues (?)
• What are the best open data strategies for
  Central ( and State and regional) governments?
• Public participation and collaboration will be key
  to the success of Data.gov
• How can open data policies contribute to
  increase citizens’ collaboration and participation
  in government and provide an economic spur?
• How to integrate Open data strategies with e-
  government and digital divide strategies?
• How to effectively leverage the opportunities
  that social media provide?
                                                   37
The Future will be Open!
       Thank you
      terima kasih




                           38

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Open Data & Social Media: Recent Trends in e-Government

  • 1. 2012 International Symposium on ICT Development in Indonesia, Lombok , July 4-5, 2012 Open Data & Social Media: Recent Trends in e-Government By Abiyot Bayou (PhD Candidate) ( [email protected]) & Hangjung, Zo (Prof.) Global IT Technology Program Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
  • 2. Content • Back Ground • Open Government & Open Data • Open Government Data (OGD) • Benefits of OGD • Conceptual Model • Trends in OGD • Social Media in Government • Open Data & Social media: Conclusion • Some Research Issues 2
  • 3. Methodology • Desktop Research • Data Sources – UN 2012 e-Government Survey – Deloitte Analytics Research Document, 2011 – Pew Research, 2010 – US government Digital Government Strategy, May 2012 – Other recent literatures and websites • Objectives – Describing Open Data & Social Networking as current trends in e-government 3
  • 4. Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies My Administration is committed to creating an unprecedented level of openness in Government…….I direct the Chief Technology Officer,…….., to coordinate the development ……, within 120 days, of recommendations for an Open Government Directive BARACK OBAMA • Open Government Directive. – Government should be – Transparent: with information about agency operations and decisions available to the public online. How to achieve ? – participatory, tapping the collective expertise of the public in government decision-making processes. – collaborative, using technology to share and cooperate with other agencies, businesses and nonprofits, and the public at large.
  • 5. • The Digital Government Strategy – Enable the people to access high-quality digital government information and services anywhere, anytime, on any device. – Unlock the power of government data to spur innovation across the Nation and improve the quality of services for the people. • Ensure that as the government adjusts to this new digital world, seize the opportunity to procure and manage devices, applications, and data in smart, secure and affordable ways. http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/egov/digital-government/digital-government.html
  • 6. L o o k i n g f o r g o v e r n me • “Government as a platform”, n t d a t a (P e w – Citizens can use open government data to Re s e a r c h , build their own tools and collaborate 2010) • directly in the process of governing Ci t i z e n s a r e (Tim O’Reilly ) g o i n g o n l i n e – For many good government t o s e e h o w advocates, providing citizens with f e d e r a l s t i mu l u s access to vast stores of previously- mo n e y i s b e i n g unavailable government data s p e n t a t Re c o v e r y represents the internet’s greatest .g o v (23 p e r c e n t promise for improving the relationship o f between the government and its s u r v e y e d I n t e r n e t constituents u s e r s ), r e a d o r d o wn l o a d t h e t e x t o f l e g i s l a t
  • 7. Open data Data that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and share alike • The data must be available as a whole and at no Availability more than a reasonable reproduction cost, and Access • preferably by downloading over the internet. • must also be available in a convenient and modifiable form • The data must be provided under terms that permit Reuse and reuse and redistribution including the intermixing Redistribution with other datasets. • everyone must be able to use, reuse and redistribute – Universal • there should be no discrimination against fields of Participation endeavor or against persons or groups (including commercial use) 7
  • 8. What is open Government data? Public Sector information that has been made available to the public as open data • Public data – help people understand how government works and how policies are made • Already available, – “Open” brings it together in one searchable website. • Making this data easily available • Example: The White House digital government strategy – it will be easier for people to make – explicitly embraces decisions and suggestions about releasing open data in APIs to enable more government policies based on accountability, civic utility detailed information. and economic value creation.
  • 9. Public data – collected and – Objective – On which public generated in the – Factual service run and curse of public – No personal data – policy decision service delivery are based 9
  • 10. Open Government Data Data Open Government data data Open Government Data Government Open Open-Government Adapted from: Open Knowledge Foundation 2010 10
  • 11. Open Government Data (OGD) • Open data is the idea that certain data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents or other mechanisms of control. • Open government applications seek to – empower consumers, – help small businesses, – or to create value in some other positive, constructive way. • Open government data helps – improving education, – improving government, and – building tools to solve other real world problems 11
  • 12. How it helps How Open Data can help you • Excerpt from VanRoekel’s (Federal Chief Information Officer of the US) interview • For example real estate. When you're buying a home, why doesn't it manifest to you the myriad of data that the government has locked up about – school quality, – healthcare quality, – infrastructure investments, – broadband, everything else that people really care about when they're picking a place to live? • We don't do that — we do roof composition and the number of bathrooms, and that's typically the extent of it. Some services are doing a better job with other government data but largely it's pretty silo'ed and not very specific to what Americans really care about. Source: http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/05/white-house-launches-new-digit.html
  • 13. Power of OGD Park ‘s recent interview with CNN on June 14 2012 about Obama's high-tech agenda, the power of big government data … It's the notion of government taking a public good, which is this data …… making it available in electronic, computable form and having entrepreneurs and innovators of all stripes turn it into an unbelievable array of products and services that improves lives and create jobs. ………… I think the key there is that if you make data available to everybody else, …… …..We are enabling entrepreneurs and innovators across all walks of life to tap into fields of Todd Park , a federal data sitting in the vaults of government in machine-readable form. technology officer, "We are sending a strong signal to administrations today. Your data is worth more if you give it away. So start releasing it now: use this framework to join the other smart leaders who are already gaining from embracing open data. Taxpayers have already paid for this information, the least we can do is give it back to those who want to use it in new ways that help people and create jobs and growth.” (European Commission - Press release IP/11/1524 ) Commission Vice President Neelie Kroes 13
  • 14. Benefit of OGD • One direct benefit of OGD is richer governmental transparency: – citizens are now able to access Opaque the raw government data behind Raw Data the previously-opaque Application applications. – Rather than being merely “read- only” users, citizens can now participate in collaborative government data access, including Read Only Collaborative access • “mashing up” distributed government data from different agencies, • discovering interesting patterns, • customizing applications, and • providing feedback to enhance the quality of published government data. Reactive Proactive Ding, Li et al (2011) “TWC LOGD: A Portal for Linked Open Government Data Ecosystems”. Journal of Web Semantics 00 (2011) 1–10
  • 15. Benefit of OGD • Promote Innovation • Promote Democracy • linking governments with app programmers . • Gov. From Data publisher to A development Platform Transactional Open Data e-Government - Cost + Time efficient - Increased Participation - Security - Increased Transparency - Service Delivery - Increased accountability - Data is owned by - Data is a public good government Customer Citizen
  • 16. Technical Access to OGD Technical & Legal access to OGD should, • Ensure no dependency on the original provider of the data by using bulk download,. • Allow anyone else that obtain a copy can redistribute it. • Facilitate others to develop their own services using the data, 16
  • 17. Conceptual Model Customers & Citizens Citizens Employees Government Private Presentation Digital Digital Layer Services Services Platform Layer System Processes and WEB APIs Open Data and Content Information Layer Adopted From: Digital Government: Building 21st Century platform to better Serve the American People, 23 may 2012
  • 18. Formats of Data Sets • Examples: • For Humans: • CSV/XLS Comma- web pages, Documents Separated Value Lists / Excel • For Download and Manipulation spreadsheet • TXT Raw Text files • Tabular eg CSV • XML eXtensible Markup • Geographical eg KML Language • For Machines • RDF Resource Description • For Application eg. XML Framework, used for modelling • Linked Data e.g information RDF, OWL, URIs • KML/KMZ Keyhole markup language, suitable for viewing in • Over the wb eg. Web Google Earth, Google Maps or Services, API other supported applications • ESRI shapefile overlays (spatial data) • etc
  • 19. Data Format & Re-usability Open Data + URL+ Link your data to others to create context Open format + URL to identify data Reusability Use open non proprietary standard (CSV, XML) Structured data ( Ex. MS Excel instead of Scanned image Data available on the web Adapted from : Open Data White Paper, Unleashing the potential, June 2012 (UK Government) 19 http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/CM8353_acc.pdf
  • 20. More Open Innovative Responsive Government Government Government Make raw public data easy to access Drive innovation by letting user Increase responsiveness by and reuse design tuning into social networks • Make Data easily accessible online • Tap the creativity of citizens • Obtain real time feedback • Make online data in accessible • Break down government silos on policy formats • Generate healthy competition • Crowd source ideas • Encourage Collaboration between • Change the culture • Communicate faster and government departments better • Inform the public • Enhance accountability • Government wide strategy and • Recognize the power of user • Systematically monitor what policy of providing open access to designed application citizens are saying about data • Design strategies for policies and services • Promoting government openness capturing the potential of • Participate in social • Encouraging Citizen participation user designed application networks and engagement • Provide a much useful data as • Update regularly social possible based on user media marketing strategy of demand the government • Let users decide which data is useful
  • 21. In General OGD • Creates Opportunity of – Stimulating growth and innovation in the private sector – Creating the potential to improve public outcomes in nearly limitless way • By Combining – The resourcefulness of online citizens & entrepreneurs, with – The power of factual data 21
  • 22. Trends in OGD • It is a Global movement and collaboration, Supported by – The Open Government Partnership ( Founded by Brazil, Indonesia, Mexico, Norway, Philippines, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States & has other 47 member states) http://www.opengovpartnership.org/about – US Government http://www.data.gov/communities/ – The World Bank (World Bank Open Data Initiatives) – www.datacatalogs.org ( comprehensive list of open data) – http://opendatacommons.org/ , Open Data Commons, Legal tool for open Data – Open Knowledge Foundation – Others… (Useful Open Data Rsources@ http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEDEVELOPMENT/Resources/UsefulOpenDataResources.pdf) 22
  • 23. Open data websites in government (Examples) Website Government Lunch date 1 Data.gov U.S. May 2009. 2 Data.gov.uk U.K. September 2009. 3 data.govt.nz New Zealand Nov 2009. 4 data.norge.no Norwegian April 2010. 5 Data.gov.au Australian March 2011. 6 Data.gc.ca Canadian March 2011. 7 opendata.go.ke Kenyan Jul 2011. 8 data.overheid.nl Dutch Oct 2011. 9 datos.gob.cl Chilean Sept 2011. 10 data.gov.it Italian October 2011. 11 datos.gob.es Spanish October 2011. 12 datos.gub.uy Uruguayan November 2011. 13 data.gouv.fr French December 2011. 14 dados.gov.br Brazilian April 2012 wikipedia 23
  • 25. Source: 2012 UN e-Government Survey 25
  • 26. Purposes of OGD websites Country Purpose/Example 0 US to make government more transparent and is committed to creating an unprecedented level of openness in Government; l strengthen Nation's democracy and promote efficiency and effectiveness in Government. Democracy 1 Australia in order to promote greater participation in Australia’s democracy; Encourage public access to and reuse of government data 2 New Make it easier and low cost for businesses, Zealand researchers, analysts and journalists and Economic anyone with an interest in information - to growth access the data they need and which can promote economic growth 3 Canada to create socio-economic opportunities and promote informed participation by the public by expanding access to federal government data Transparency 4 UK to help people understand how government works and how policies are made 5 Kenya Foster an innovation eco-system around Government data Innovation 6 Ireland to improve access to the Irish Government data and to esablish an innovative platform that can demonstrate to government how and why they should share data 26
  • 27. Kenyan Open Data – Makes public government data accessible to the people of Kenya. – High quality national census data, government expenditure, parliamentary proceedings and public service locations etc – The data is key to improving • transparency; • unlocking social and economic value; • and building Government 2.0 in Kenya. https://opendata.go.ke/
  • 29. • What is actually available? – various datasets available, from central government departments and a number of other public sector bodies and local authorities. • one can use the data in all sorts of ways. – Public: • analyze trends over time from one policy area, or to compare how different parts of government go about their work. – Technical users : • will be able to create useful applications out of the raw data files, which can then be used by everyone.
  • 30. Challenges • Legacy IT architecture and Data Format • Long standing Laws and Policies • Existing public sector culture – Secrecy – New type of relationship • Privacy related issues – Personal data – Anonymized data & Di-anonymization – Pseudo-namized data • Cost of Data • Un-intended consequences 30
  • 31. Government engagement using social media • Using Social Media – Helps people be more informed about what gov't is doing (82%) – Makes government agencies and officials more accessible (78%) – Just delivers the same government information in different ways (72%) – (is a waste of government money (41/52%)
  • 32. • Social Media • Through Social – Enable two way • Government media Agencies communication in agencies use real time – Inform citizens Social media to – Promote their – Citizens can be – improve public services engaged as co- services – Seek public producer of services – Reduce costs view and feed – (EX. 66 % of US – Increase back agencies use Social transparency – Monitor media satisfaction 32
  • 33. Trends in Social Media in Government • UN e-government Survey 2012 – Government website of 78 member state (40%) provides statements “follow us on Facebook or twitter” – 14 governments web sites (7%) provides tools to obtain raw public opinion through chat rooms or an IM features • Social Media increase citizens usage of e-Service • Foster Social inclusiveness by reducing the e-service usage divide among different socio-economic groups • Indirect effect on e-Service=> greater social media usage may increase trust and increase take up of e- service
  • 34. Trends in Social Media in Gov. 34
  • 35. Trends in Social Media in Gov 35
  • 36. • Open Data & Social Media: Beyond transparency and service improvement – Create possibility to users co-produce e- Government information and services – Collaboration with government to produce services that are in the interests of citizens – Collaboratively designing services – Emergency response, recruiting volunteers
  • 37. Some Research Issues (?) • What are the best open data strategies for Central ( and State and regional) governments? • Public participation and collaboration will be key to the success of Data.gov • How can open data policies contribute to increase citizens’ collaboration and participation in government and provide an economic spur? • How to integrate Open data strategies with e- government and digital divide strategies? • How to effectively leverage the opportunities that social media provide? 37
  • 38. The Future will be Open! Thank you terima kasih 38