Bubble sort is an algorithm that sorts a list of numbers by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements that are out of order. It works by comparing adjacent elements and swapping them if they are in the wrong order, "bubbling" the largest values to the end of the list over multiple iterations. The algorithm iterates through the list N-1 times, where N is the number of elements, to fully sort the list. It uses pairwise comparisons and swapping to move the largest remaining value to its correct place with each pass.
Quicksort: illustrated step-by-step walk throughYoshi Watanabe
A step-by-step illustration of Quicksort to help you walk through a series of operations. Illustration is accompanied by actual code with bold line indicating the current operation.
Describes the operation of optimized sorting algorithm bubblesort. The traditional bubblesort algorithm is also described. The time complexity is also described in detail. In the presentation, all content is provided with through examples.
The document discusses the merge sort algorithm. It works by recursively dividing an array into two halves, sorting each half, and then merging the sorted halves back together. The key steps are:
1) Divide the array into equal halves recursively until arrays contain a single element.
2) Sort the halves by recursively applying the merge sort algorithm.
3) Merge the sorted halves back into a single sorted array by comparing elements and copying the smaller value into the output array.
Quick Sort is a recursive divide and conquer sorting algorithm that works by partitioning a list around a pivot value and recursively sorting the sublists. It has average case performance of O(n log n) time. The algorithm involves picking a pivot element, partitioning the list based on element values relative to the pivot, and recursively sorting the sublists until the entire list is sorted. An example using Hoare's partition scheme is provided to demonstrate the partitioning and swapping steps.
The document describes the quicksort algorithm. Quicksort works by:
1) Partitioning the array around a pivot element into two sub-arrays of less than or equal and greater than elements.
2) Recursively sorting the two sub-arrays.
3) Combining the now sorted sub-arrays.
In the average case, quicksort runs in O(n log n) time due to balanced partitions at each recursion level. However, in the worst case of an already sorted input, it runs in O(n^2) time due to highly unbalanced partitions. A randomized version of quicksort chooses pivots randomly to avoid worst case behavior.
The document discusses various sorting algorithms that use the divide-and-conquer approach, including quicksort, mergesort, and heapsort. It provides examples of how each algorithm works by recursively dividing problems into subproblems until a base case is reached. Code implementations and pseudocode are presented for key steps like partitioning arrays in quicksort, merging sorted subarrays in mergesort, and adding and removing elements from a heap data structure in heapsort. The algorithms are compared in terms of their time and space complexity and best uses.
John von Neumann invented the merge sort algorithm in 1945. Merge sort follows the divide and conquer paradigm by dividing the unsorted list into halves, recursively sorting each half through merging, and then merging the sorted halves back into a single sorted list. The time complexity of merge sort is O(n log n) in all cases (best, average, worst) due to its divide and conquer approach, while its space complexity is O(n) to store the temporary merged list.
Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements if they are in the wrong order until the list is fully sorted. It is best for sorting small lists or lists that are nearly sorted already. Though simple, it is not efficient for large data sets as its runtime is quadratic. The example demonstrates bubble sort by visually swapping numbers in the wrong order until the list is sorted.
Quick sort uses a divide-and-conquer approach to sort a list. It works by selecting a pivot element, partitioning the list into elements less than, equal to, and greater than the pivot, and then recursively sorting the sub-lists. The example shows quick sort being applied to a list of numbers, with the pivot being swapped with other elements to partition the list into sorted sub-lists on each iteration.
How to bake delicious cookie (RESTful Meetup #03)Toru Yamaguchi
Toru Yamaguchi gave a presentation on advanced cookie usage. He explained the differences between host cookies and domain cookies, and how the path attribute can be used to control where cookies are sent. He discussed how JSON web tokens (JWT) can be used for login sessions by embedding user agent information. Finally, he mentioned how transparent session state cookies allow for single logout between authorization servers and client applications.
1. The document discusses various issues that can cause failures when building APIs to access database systems, such as deadlocks from concurrent updates and purging data inconsistencies between master and slave databases.
2. It proposes solutions to these issues like using queues to defer updates, disabling binary logging to bypass replication, and partitioning or sharding data.
3. When building a friend timeline API, challenges include efficiently querying the necessary data across multiple database tables to return a paginated result with the total count. Solutions presented include using temporary tables and iteration in batches to query the data.
Bubble sort is an algorithm that sorts a list of numbers by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements that are out of order. It works by comparing adjacent elements and swapping them if they are in the wrong order, "bubbling" the largest values to the end of the list over multiple iterations. The algorithm iterates through the list N-1 times, where N is the number of elements, to fully sort the list. It uses pairwise comparisons and swapping to move the largest remaining value to its correct place with each pass.
Quicksort: illustrated step-by-step walk throughYoshi Watanabe
A step-by-step illustration of Quicksort to help you walk through a series of operations. Illustration is accompanied by actual code with bold line indicating the current operation.
Describes the operation of optimized sorting algorithm bubblesort. The traditional bubblesort algorithm is also described. The time complexity is also described in detail. In the presentation, all content is provided with through examples.
The document discusses the merge sort algorithm. It works by recursively dividing an array into two halves, sorting each half, and then merging the sorted halves back together. The key steps are:
1) Divide the array into equal halves recursively until arrays contain a single element.
2) Sort the halves by recursively applying the merge sort algorithm.
3) Merge the sorted halves back into a single sorted array by comparing elements and copying the smaller value into the output array.
Quick Sort is a recursive divide and conquer sorting algorithm that works by partitioning a list around a pivot value and recursively sorting the sublists. It has average case performance of O(n log n) time. The algorithm involves picking a pivot element, partitioning the list based on element values relative to the pivot, and recursively sorting the sublists until the entire list is sorted. An example using Hoare's partition scheme is provided to demonstrate the partitioning and swapping steps.
The document describes the quicksort algorithm. Quicksort works by:
1) Partitioning the array around a pivot element into two sub-arrays of less than or equal and greater than elements.
2) Recursively sorting the two sub-arrays.
3) Combining the now sorted sub-arrays.
In the average case, quicksort runs in O(n log n) time due to balanced partitions at each recursion level. However, in the worst case of an already sorted input, it runs in O(n^2) time due to highly unbalanced partitions. A randomized version of quicksort chooses pivots randomly to avoid worst case behavior.
The document discusses various sorting algorithms that use the divide-and-conquer approach, including quicksort, mergesort, and heapsort. It provides examples of how each algorithm works by recursively dividing problems into subproblems until a base case is reached. Code implementations and pseudocode are presented for key steps like partitioning arrays in quicksort, merging sorted subarrays in mergesort, and adding and removing elements from a heap data structure in heapsort. The algorithms are compared in terms of their time and space complexity and best uses.
John von Neumann invented the merge sort algorithm in 1945. Merge sort follows the divide and conquer paradigm by dividing the unsorted list into halves, recursively sorting each half through merging, and then merging the sorted halves back into a single sorted list. The time complexity of merge sort is O(n log n) in all cases (best, average, worst) due to its divide and conquer approach, while its space complexity is O(n) to store the temporary merged list.
Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements if they are in the wrong order until the list is fully sorted. It is best for sorting small lists or lists that are nearly sorted already. Though simple, it is not efficient for large data sets as its runtime is quadratic. The example demonstrates bubble sort by visually swapping numbers in the wrong order until the list is sorted.
Quick sort uses a divide-and-conquer approach to sort a list. It works by selecting a pivot element, partitioning the list into elements less than, equal to, and greater than the pivot, and then recursively sorting the sub-lists. The example shows quick sort being applied to a list of numbers, with the pivot being swapped with other elements to partition the list into sorted sub-lists on each iteration.
How to bake delicious cookie (RESTful Meetup #03)Toru Yamaguchi
Toru Yamaguchi gave a presentation on advanced cookie usage. He explained the differences between host cookies and domain cookies, and how the path attribute can be used to control where cookies are sent. He discussed how JSON web tokens (JWT) can be used for login sessions by embedding user agent information. Finally, he mentioned how transparent session state cookies allow for single logout between authorization servers and client applications.
1. The document discusses various issues that can cause failures when building APIs to access database systems, such as deadlocks from concurrent updates and purging data inconsistencies between master and slave databases.
2. It proposes solutions to these issues like using queues to defer updates, disabling binary logging to bypass replication, and partitioning or sharding data.
3. When building a friend timeline API, challenges include efficiently querying the necessary data across multiple database tables to return a paginated result with the total count. Solutions presented include using temporary tables and iteration in batches to query the data.
Inside mbga Open Platform API architectureToru Yamaguchi
The document describes a load balancer distributing requests across multiple lighttpd web servers running fastcgi applications. It also shows databases for user profiles and messages with memcached caching. Messages are enqueued into a message queue processed by worker processes and inserted into a replicated message database with a slave for high availability. Cached messages from previous lookups are stored in memcached for improved performance.
The document discusses OpenID authentication and describes the flow between an Identity Provider and OpenID Provider. It includes code snippets for retrieving an XRDS document from an OpenID and generating an HMAC signature. The overall document provides information about OpenID authentication standards and protocols.
El documento describe una reunión tecnológica sobre OpenID. La reunión incluirá presentaciones sobre temas relacionados con OpenID como autenticación y autorización. También habrá tiempo para preguntas y discusión.