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Oral Habits
The document discusses various oral habits in children, including thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing, bruxism, lip habits, cheek biting, and nail biting, along with their definitions, classifications, clinical features, etiologies, and treatments. It emphasizes the distinction between normal and abnormal habits, and their potential impact on dental and facial structures. The conclusion highlights the importance of assessing these habits in conjunction with a child's emotional and physical health.
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Introduction to oral habits and their definition. Emphasizes correcting bad habits without punishment.
Overview of various oral habits like thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing, bruxism, lip habits, cheek biting, and nail biting.
Detailed exploration of thumb sucking including definition, classifications (normal vs abnormal), clinical features, and treatment options.
Definition and classification of tongue thrusting, its etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment methods.
Explains mouth breathing with its definition, classifications, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
Definition, classification, etiology, clinical features, and a comprehensive approach to treatment of bruxism.
Definition, classification, etiology, clinical features, and treatment strategies for lip habits.
Defines cheek biting, its clinical features, and treatment options.
Discusses nail biting as a common childhood habit, including its age occurrence, etiology, clinical effects, and treatments.
Definition and etiology of self-injurious habits, discussing frenulum thrusting, and other related behaviors, ending with a conclusive statement on oral habits.
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Oral Habits
- 1. ORAL HABIT “ Correctingbad habits cannot be done by forbidding or punishment” -Robert Baden-Powell Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic
- 2. DEFINITION Oral habit isdefined as a frequent or constant practice or acquired tendency, which has been fixed by frequent repetition. – Buttersworth (1961)
- 3. CONTENTS Thumb sucking Tongue Thrusting Mouth Breathing Bruxism LipHabit Cheek Biting Nail Biting
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- 6. DEFINITION Thumb sucking isdefine as placement of the thumb at various depths into the mouth.
- 7. CLASSIFICATION Based on ourclinical observation, 1.NORMAL THUMB SUCKING: • Normal during the first and second year of life. • Disappear as the child matures. • Habit at this age does not generate any malocclusion. 2.ABNORMAL THUMB SUCKING : • When thumb sucking habit persist beyond the preschool period then it is consider to be an abnormal habit . • If not controlled or treated may cause deleterious effects to the dento facial structures .
- 8. This can beagain : Psychological. Habitual. Can also be classified by Subtenly as : o Type A : seen in 50% children. Whole digit is placed inside the mouth with pad of thumb pressing over the palate, at the same time maxillary and mandibular anteriors contact is present.
- 9. o o o Type B :seen in 13-24% children.thumb placed in the mouth without touching the palate maintaining the maxillary and mandibular anterior cantact. Type C : seen in 18% children. Thumb is placed into the mouth just beyond the first joint, contacting the hard palate and only the maxillry incisors. Type D : seen in 6% children where little portion of thumb is placed into the mouth.
- 10. CLINICAL FEATURES PROCLINATION OF MAXILLARY INCISIORS ANTERIOROPEN BITE POSTERIOR CROSS BITE CONSTRICTION OF MAXILLARY ARCH Maxillary Anterior Proclination and Mandibular Retroclination.
- 11. TREATMENT BLUE GRASS HABIT APPLIANCE BREACKING APPLIANCES QURDHELIX THUMB GUARD
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- 13. DEFINITION Brauer , 1965-A tongue thrust is said to be present if the tongue is observed thrusting between, and the teeth do not close in centric occlusion during deglutition. • Tulley , 1969- States tongue thrust as the forward movement of the tongue tip between the teeth to meet the lower lip during deglutition and in sounds of speech, so that the tongue becomes interdental. •
- 14. Barber , 1975-Tongue thrusting is an oral habit pattern related to the persistence of an infantile swallow pattern during childhood and adolescence and thereby produces an open bite and protrusion of the anterior tooth segments. • Schneider , 1982- tongue thrust is a forward placement of the tongue between the anterior teeth and against the lower lip during swallowing, •
- 15. 1. CLASSIFICATIO N Physiologic: normal tonguethrust of the infancy. 2. Habitual : the tongue thrust swallow is present as a habit even after the correction of the malocclusion. 3. Functional : when the tongue thrust mechanism is an adaptive behavior developed to achieve an oral seal, it can be grouped as functional . 4. Anatomic : persons having enlarged tongue can have an anterior tongue posture.
- 16. • • • • • • • • ETIOLOGY Retained infantile swallow Upperrespiratory tract infections such as mouth breathing, chronic tonsillitis , allergies, etc… Neurological disturbances- hyposensitive palate , moderate motor disability, disruption of sensory control and coordination of swallowing can lead to tongue thrust. Functional adaptability to transient change in anatomy. Feeding practices and tongue thrusting Induced due to other oral habits Hereditary
- 17. CLINICL FEATURE EXTRAORAL FINDING: • • • • • Lipis incompetent Mandibular movements during swallowing are erratic, and no correlation can be found between movement of tongue tip and of mandible. Average mandibular movement is upward and backward with tongue moving forward. Speech disorder like sibilant distortions ,lisping, problems in articulation of s, n, t, d ,l , th ,z , v sound. Increase in anterior facial height.
- 18. INTRA ORAL FINDINGS • • • Swallowingsequences are jerky and inconsistent . Tongue movement are also irregular. Malocclusion a) Features pertaining to the maxilla: - Proclination of maxilla anteriors resulting in an increase in over jet. -Generalized spacing between the teeth. - Maxillary constriction. b) Features pertaining to the mandible: -Retroclination or proclination of mandibular teeth. c) Inter maxillary relationships: - Anterior or posterior open bite - Posterior teeth cross bite.
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- 20. TREATMENT ORTHODONTIC ELASTICS PRE ORTHODONTIC TRAINER HABITBREACKING APPLIANCE
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- 22. DEFINITION Sassouni 1971: defined mouthbreathing as habitual respiration though the mouth instead of the nose. Merle 1980 : suggested the term oro nasal breathing instead of mouth breathing.
- 23. CLASSIFICATION Finn (1987) hasclassified mouth breathing into: A. Anatomic B. Obstructive C. Habitual
- 24. ETIOLOGY Deviated nasal septum. Nasalpolyps. Chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa. Localized benign tumors. Congenital enlargement of nasal turbinates. Allergic reaction of the nasal mucosa. Obstructive adenoids. Short upper lip.
- 25. CLINICAL FEATURES • Long andnarrow face. Narrow nose and nasal passage. • Short and flaccid upper lip. • Posterior cross bite. •
- 26. Expressionless or blank face. Anteriormarginal gingivitis. Dryness of the mouth predisposing to caries. Proclination of anterior teeth.
- 27. DIAGNOSIS History : good historyshould be recorded from parent and patients. Clinical examination: a) Mirror test. b) Butterfly test. c) Water holding test. d) Rhinomanometry. e) Cephalometrics.
- 28. TREATMENT SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT: The gingiva ofmouth breathers should be restored to normal health by coatin the gingiva with petroleum jelly, by applying preventive dentistry methods and by clinically correcting periodontal defects thet have occurred during habit.
- 29. THE TREATMENT SHOULDBE AIMED AT…. 1. ELIMINATION OF THE CAUSE. 2.INTERCEPTION OF THE HABIT . If there is no physiological cause the patient should be instructed for: a) Lip exercises. b) Physical exercises. c) Maxillothorax myotherapy.
- 30. 3.CORRECTION OF THE MALOCCLUSION. a)Children with class l skeletal and dental occlusion and anterior spacing- oral shield appliance.
- 31. b) Class lldivision l without crowding age 5-9 years- monobloc activator. c) Class lll malocclusion : chin cap.
- 32.
- 33. DEFINITION Ramfjord (1966): Bruxism isthe habitual grinding of teeth when the individual is not chewing or swallowing. Rubina (1986): Bruxism is the team used to indicate nonfuntional contact of teeth which may include clenching, grinding, gnashing, and tapping of teeth. Vanderas(1995): Non funtional movement of the mandible with or without an audible sound occurring during the day or night.
- 34. CLASSIFICATION 1. Day time bruxism/ Diurnal bruxism. 2. Night time bruxism / Nocturnal bruxism.
- 35. ETIOLOGY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Psychological and emotionalstresses. Occlusal interference. Cortical lesion. Systemic factor: magnessium deficiency, chronic abdominal distress. Genetics: children of bruxism parents have an increased incidence of bruxism. Allergies: related to nocturnal bruxism. Occupational factors: compulsive overahievers and competitive sports lead to clenching.
- 36. CLINICAL FEATURES 1. OCCLUSALTRAUMA: • Tooth mobility, more in mornings. • Spread of gingivitis into deeper periodontal structures and alveolar bone loss.
- 37. 2. Tooth structure: •Non functional pattern of occlusal wear is seen as signs. •It can also lead to increased tooth sensitivity from excessive abrasion of the enamel. •Pulp is exposed to attrition leading to dental abscess. •Fracture of tooth crown and restorations can also cause bruxism.
- 38. 3. HEADACHE: • mostlyof muscular contraction •type. 4. OTHER SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: • grinding and tapping sounds. • soft tissue trauma. • small ulcerations or ridging on the buccal mucosa opposite molar teeth.
- 39. TREATMENT: 1. Occlusal adjustments: Results inimmediate disappearance of habitual grinding. Any prematurities or occlusal interferences should be corrected. Coronoplasty plays an important role. Extensive adjustments are contraindicated. Muscles should be brought back to a relaxed position before adjustments.
- 40. 2. OCCLUSAL SPLINTS: Vulcanite splintsto cover occlusal surfaces of teeth. A reduction in increased muscle tone is observed. In children, splint is made on the mandibilar models using Scher Dental Bioplast material.
- 41. 3. RESTORATIVE TREATMENT: Severe abrasionwhere penetration into pulp chamber is imminent, pulpal therapy with full coverage crown is indicated.
- 42. 4. Psychotherapy : Counseling thepatient and behavioral modality through explanation and arousal and patient’s awareness of the habit. 5. Relaxation training: To relax the muscle group voluntarily Hypnosis, conditioning also indicated. 6. Physical therapy 7. Electrical method: Electrogalvanic stimulation for muscle relaxation.
- 43. 8. Drugs : Vapocoolants suchas ethyl chloride for pain LA injections, tranquilizers, sedatives and muscle relaxants. Placebos to rule out psychological etiology. Low doses of tricyclic antidepressants to inhibit amount of REM sleep.
- 44. 9. Biofeedback. 10. Acupunturetechniques for muscle relaxation. 11. Orthodontic correction.
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- 47. DEFINITION: Habits that involve manipulationof lips and perioral structures. CLASSIFICATION: Wetting the lips with the tongue. Pulling the lips into the mouth between the teeth.
- 48. ETIOLOGY: Malocclusion : inangle’s class 2 div.1. 2. Habits : occur in conjunction with other habits such as thumb or digit sucking. 3. Emotional stress : children in stressful situations have an increased salivary output, thus increasing the number of swallows and lip seals required. May become a compulsive and gratificational activity during sleeping hours. 1.
- 49. CLINICAL FEATURES: Protrusion of maxillaryincisors and retrusion of mandibular incisors: Action is to wedge the lip between upper and lower incisors. This creates a muscular imbalance and cause maxillary incisors to move labially and upward with interdental spacing. Ulcers :
- 50. Lip : reddened, irritatedand chapped area below the vermillion border. the vermillion border may be farther outside the mouth, mostly in lower lips. in some cases, chronic herpes infection with areas of irritation and cracking of lips. Malocclusion : Mentolabial sulcus becomes accentuated.
- 51. TREATMENT: 1.Correction of malocclusion: Class1 with increased overjet : fixed or removable appliance to tip the teeth back. Class 2 : growth modification procedures. activator if the child has an uncrowded early mixed dentition. 2. Treating the primary habit : digit sucking with hawley’s retainer.
- 52. 3. Appliance therapy: Oral shield: useful in class 1 malocclusion. Addition of small loop to the labial oral shield improves the lip tonus by helping in lip exercises-10 minutes, 3 times a day.
- 53. Lip bumper : positionedin the vestibule of the mandibular arch and serves to prohibit the lip from exerting excessive force on the mandibular incisors and reposition the lip away from the lingual aspect of the maxillary incisors. can be combined, fixed and removable appliance.
- 54. CHEEK BITING DEFINITION: This isan abnormal habit of keeping or biting the cheek muscles in between the upper and lower posterior teeth.
- 55. CLINICAL FEATURES 1. ULCER 2.OPENBITE 3. TOOTH MALPOSITION IN THE BUCCAL SEGMENT.
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- 58. One of the mostcommon habits in children. It is a sign of internal tension. AGE OF OCCURENCE : rises sharply from 4-6 years, constant level between 7&10 years and rises to peak during adolescence. ETIOLOGY : indicative of an emotional problem.
- 59. CLINICAL FEATURES INFLAMATION DENTAL OF THE NAIL AND NAIL BEDS EFFECTS : crowding, rotation and attrition of incisal edges of mandibular incisors.
- 60. TREATMENT : Mild cases :no treatment. Avoid scolding, nagging and threats. Treat the emotional factor Encourage outdoor activities. Application of nail polishes, light cotton mittens as reminder.
- 61. SELF INJURIOUS HABITS DEFINITION ETIOLOGY
- 62. DEFINITION : Repetitive actsthat result in physical damage to the individual. these habits show an increased incidence in mentally retarded population. ETIOLOGY : Organic : syndromes and syndrome-like maladies such as Lesch-Nyhan disease and De Lange’s syndrome.
- 63. Functional : o Type A: injuries superimposed on a preexisting lesion. E.g; child with nail biting habit is ubder treatment for skin lesion. o Type B : injuries secondary to another established habit. E.g; rotation of thumb while thumb sucking can harm the soft tissues. o Type C : injuries of unknown or complex etiology. Has a greater psychogenic component.
- 64. FRENUM THRUSTING : Ifthe maxillary incisors are slightly spaced apart, the child may lock his labial frenum between these teeth and permit it to remain in thus position for several hours. It may displace the tooth. TREATMENT : o Psychogenic therapy. o Palliative treatment. o Mechanotherapy : oral shields, restraints and protective padding.
- 65. BOBBY PIN OPENING: Seen in teen age girls where in opening bobby pin with anterior incisors is done. Clinically, notched incisors and partially denuded labial enamel are seen. Calling attention is all that is necessary to stop the habit.
- 66. CONCLUSION “ Oral habitscan manifest themselves in a variety of ways, and these activities may or may not be a concern for parents. Likewise , the presence of an oral habit may or may not have a marked effect on the child’s developing facial structures and dentition. Hence assessment of these behaviors must include a thorough evaluation of the habit itself and the presence of the potential for oral health repercussions. These judgments must be coupled with a sensitive assessment of the physical and emotional status of the child and the relationship of the parent or caregiver.”
- 67. Email.id: [email protected] 044-43800059 ,92 83 786 776 www.chinthamanilaserdentalclinic.com