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Organ culture
This document discusses different types of plant organ culture, including root, shoot apical meristem, leaf, flower, and ovule cultures. Root culture involves culturing excised radical tips of aseptically germinated seeds. Shoot apical meristem culture involves culturing the shoot tip comprising the meristem and developing leaves. Flower culture involves culturing excised floral buds to produce full blooms. Ovule culture involves culturing isolated ovules to facilitate fertilization and embryo development. Organ cultures have various applications including studying organ development, production of secondary metabolites, and generating virus-free plants.
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Organ culture
- 1. Organ Culture BY Rakesh H Research Scholar Departmentof Biotechnology Sahyadri Science College, Shivamogga. KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY [email protected]
- 2. Types of culture (Explantbase) Plant tissue culture Embryo culture Seed culture Meristem culture Protoplast cultureCell culture (suspension culture) Callus culture Bud culture Organ culture
- 3. Organ culture Any plantorgan can serve as an explant to initiate cultures No. Organ Culture types 1. Shoot Shoot tip culture 2. Root Root culture 3. Leaf Leaf culture 4. Flower Anther/ovary /ovule culture
- 4. Root culture Defined as:The culture of excised radical tips of aseptical tips of aseptically germinated seeds in a liquid or solid medium where they are induced to grow independently under controlled condition . Principle: In vivo plants are not suitable,young seedling are very sensitive to toxic sterilants,…..so …the excised radical tips of aseptically germinated seeds..
- 6. IMPORTANCE Knowledge ofCarbohydrates metabolism, role of minerals ions, vitamins …etc in root growth. Information regarding the dependence of roots on shoots for growth hormones . Study of the effect of various compounds on root growth.
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- 8. Advantages of hairyroot cultures: 3/30/20118 The hairy root system is genetically and biosynthetically stable High production of secondary metabolites. The culture can grow under phyto-hormone-free conditions. The culture shows fast growth which reduces the culture time and easy the handling
- 9. Application of hairyroot cultures: 3/30/20119 Functional analysis of genes. Study of nodulation of leguminous root in culture. Production of secondary metabolites. The culture may change the composition of metabolites. The culture can be used to regenerate a whole plant. Initiation and development of Secondary Vascular tissues.
- 10. secondary metabolites producedin root culture 3/30/201110 L-DOPA: a precursor of catecholamines, an important neurotransmitter used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease Shikonin: used as an anti-bacterial and anti-ulcer agent Anthraquinone: used for dyes and medicinal purpose Opiate alkaloids: particularly codeine and morphine for medical purposes Berberine: an alkaloid with medicinal uses for cholera and bacterial dysentery Valepotriates: used as a sedative Ginsenosides: for medicinal purposes Rosmarinic acid: for antiviral, suppression of endotoxin shock and other medicinal purposes Quinine: for malaria Cardenolides or Cardioactive glycosides: for treatment of heart disease
- 11. 3/30/201111 Bubble column with Hairyroots of B. vulgaris Stirred tank reactor with suspension culture of Helianthus annuus
- 12. Shoot apical meristemculture Defined as: The culture of terminal (0.1-1mm) portion of a shoot comprising the meristem(0.05-0.1mm) together with primordial and devoloping leaves and adjacent stem tissue. Principle: The excised shoot tips and meristem can be cultured aseptically on agar solidified simple nutrient medium or on paper bridges diping in liquid medium…with required auxin and cytokinins.
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- 15. Advantages Production ofvirus free germplasm . Mass production of desirable genotypes . Cryopreservation (cold storage) or in vitro conservation of germplasm .
- 16. Importance Virus Eradication. Micropropagation. Storage of Genetic Resources. Over come of abortive seeds or nonviable seeds. Propagation of haploid plants. Rejection by Quarantine authority avoided.
- 17. Flower Culture Definedas: The aseptical culture of excised floral bud on a chemically defined nutrient medium where they continue their development to produce a full bloom in a culture vessel. Principle: cultured at different stage of development ,require a complex medium for floral
- 18. Importance Fundamental studiesof development of flower. Fruit development studies. The culture of pollinated flowers is very important to study the fruit development . In vitro fruits are smaller than their natural counterparts, but the size can be increased by supplementing the medium. Floral morphogenesis studies.
- 19. ovule culture Definedas: the aseptical culture of ovules which are isolated from the ovary and are grown in defined nutrient medium under controlled condition. Principle: isolation, contains egg cell ….after fertilization, single Zygote formation leads-embryo processing shoot and root primordia.
- 21. Importance Test tubepollination and fertilization. Application of Ovule culture in Hybridization. Production of haploid callus through ovule culture . Ovule culture of orchid plants. Induction of polyembryo by ovule culture. Virus free culture.