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Organic farming
Organic farming avoids synthetic inputs like fertilizers and pesticides and relies on techniques like crop rotation, animal manures, and biological pest control. Conventional farming uses synthetic fertilizers and machinery. To convert a farm, it is best to start with easier crops that provide nutrients for subsequent crops and to integrate livestock and crops. A phased approach over 5 years that starts with soybeans, poultry, fish and eventually cattle can help convert the land and establish organic certification.
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Organic farming
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- 2. What is organicfarming ? What is convectional farming ? Next EndPrevious • Organic farming is a system which avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic inputs (such as fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, feed additives etc) and to the maximum extent feasible rely upon crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, mineral grade rock additives and biological system of nutrient mobilization and plant protection. • Convectional farming is a method of farming that involves use of synthetic fertilizers ,compound fertilizer and also it involves the use of hearvy machinery .
- 3. Components of Organicfarming Next EndPrevious
- 4. Why change toOrganicfarming Previous Next End Increase in population make compulsion to stabilize agricultural production, but to, increase it further, in sustainable manner. Natural balance needs to be maintained at all cost for existence of life and property. Agrochemicals which are produced from fossil fuel and are not renewable and are diminishing in availability. It may also cost heavily on our foreign exchange in future.
- 5. organic farming Previous NextEnd Key characteristics Protecting the long term fertility of soils by maintaining organic matter levels, encouraging soil biological activity and careful mechanical intervention. Providing crop nutrients indirectly using relatively insoluble nutrient sources which are made available to the plant by the action of soil micro-organisms.
- 6. organic farming Previous NextEnd Nitrogen self-sufficiency through the use of legumes and biological nitrogen fixation, as well as effective recycling of organic materials including crop residues and livestock manures Weed, disease and pest control relying primarily on crop rotations, natural predators, diversity, organic manuring, resistant varieties and limited (preferably minimal) thermal, biological and chemical intervention. Key characteristics
- 7. organic farming Previous NextEnd Key characteristics The extensive management of livestock, paying full regard to their evolutionary adaptations, behavioral needs and animal welfare issues with respect to nutrition, housing, health, breeding and rearing. Careful attention to the impact of the farming system on the wider environment and the conservation of wildlife and natural habitats.
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- 9. PRINCIPLES of ORGANICFARMING • The principle of health – Organic farming should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible. • The principle of ecology – Organic farming should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them. • The principle of fairness – Organic farming should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to the common environment and life opportunities. • The principle of care – Organic farming should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well- being of current and future generations and the environment.
- 10. •As an appointedmanager I would assist to convert the farm by recommending the set up and steps described below .
- 11. organic farming End Organic farmingapproach involves following five principles: 1. Conversion of land from conventional management to organic management 2. Management of the entire surrounding system to ensure biodiversity and sustainability of the system 3. Crop production with the use of alternative sources of nutrients such as crop rotation, residue management, organic manures and biological inputs. 4. Management of weeds and pests by better management practices, physical and cultural means and by biological control system 5. Maintenance of live stock in tandem with organic concept and make them an integral part of the entire system Basic Steps of Organic Farming
- 12. Cont • Changing fromconventional to organic produc tion is a regulated process. Organic “certification” requires that crops do not receive any synthetic chemicals including fertilizers or pesticides for three years prior to the harvest of the crops
- 13. cont • As anexample, to sell this year’s maize harvested on November 1, 2016, as organic would require that the land received no synthetic chemicals since October 31, 2013. While the tranÂsition to certification time period is three years, the number of crops that need to be sold as transition crops could be two. For this example, crops grown in 2006 and 2007 must be grown using organic methods but cannot be sold as organic.
- 14. CONT • When changingfrom convectional it is possible to start with a leguminous crops such as soyabeans and small grained crops like maize in the transition process. • Other crops often do not do well as small grains or leÂgumes because of inadequate soil fertility, or weed and insect pest pressures. • It takes time for the land to readjust to an organic system as well as for the farmer to adjust to organic practices.
- 15. CONT • As anorganic specialist and manger I would suggest the transition start with crops that are easier to manage and provide the pest and nutrient basis for the crops that follow.
- 16. Enterprises for thefarm FIRST SEASON •As a manager I would recommend to start with flexible and inter related enterprises like soya bean production, poultry production and fish production. •Manure from poultry must be used as feed for fish and also the manure must be applied to the soya beans . •Soya beans crop residues must be incorporated into the soil that they can decompose and produce nutrients for the second season .
- 17. SECOND SEASON • Duringthe second season there is need to rotate soya beans with maize .the maize will use the manure in the soil from the last season alongside with other. • If funds permit beef enterprise should be started so that the crop residues from maize should be fed to animals . •
- 18. Crop protection • Croprotation • Intercropping • Traditional herbicides and pesticides • Biological control by predators • resistant varieties
- 19. Animal protection • Rotationalgrazing • Use of traditional medicines such as ashes ,salt and aloe- Vera . • Resistant breeds .
- 20. ORGANIC MANURES COMMONLYIN USE IN ORGANIC FARMING •Farm Yard Manure •Green manure •Vermi-compost •Crop residues •Bio-fertilizers
- 21. Manures Deposition N fixation Feed straw CROPS LIVESTOC K SOIL PEOPLE Sewage sludge Foodprocessing waste Crop residues Nutrient supply
- 22. FARM SETUP AFTER5 YEARS • 10 HECTARE LAND
- 23. Marketing and awarenessof organic produces . • In order to market organic products easily farmers must teach consumers about the importance of organic products such as : • Health benefits • Nutritional benefits • Ecological benefits • Palatability benefits • ETC.
- 24. CONT After consumers areaware of the benefits of organic products a farmer may market the products in the following places •Local area for local consumers •Restaurants •Supermarkets •Common markets •