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Organic manure, importance & properties
- 1. Organic manures - Importance,Definition, classification, properties and sources- Fortified organics K. Maheshwaran,Asst. Prof. (SS&AC) Sethu Bhaskara Agricultural College & Research Foundation - Karaikudi SAC 301 Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management (2+1)
- 2. The wordmanure derived from the French "Manoeuvrer', means to manipulate, to work, to produce crop Manures are substances which are organic in nature, capable of supplying plant nutrients in available form Bulky in nature, having the low analytical value and having no definite composition Derived from animal and plant residues Organic manures
- 3. Organic manures -classification
- 4. Organic manures -classification
- 5. Organic manures -classification
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- 8. (A) Physical properties Improve the soil structure, water holding capacity, aggregates and porosity Decreases the bulk density and soil compaction Improves the aeration, water movement, hydraulic conductivity of soil Decreases the soil temperature Prevents the surface and subsurface crusting of soil Effect of organic manures on soil productivity
- 9. (B) Chemical properties Supplies all the essential nutrients Improves the CEC of soil Improves the buffering capacity of soil Increases the colloidal properties of soil Solubilize the fixed nutrients and make them available to the crop Organic manures
- 10. (C) Biological properties Increases the activity and population of microorganisms Organic acids and organic anions are formed Increases the fixation of N by enhancing symbiotic and non-symbiotic N fixing organisms Solubilize the insoluble P by activating the P solubilizing microorganisms Organic manures supply food for the soil micro and macro-organisms Organic manures
- 11. Fortified organicsenriching the organic manures with inorganic fertilizer nutrients and biofertilizers are called fortification Increase crop yields by giving plants the nutrients they need while protecting the soil It is also known as fortified composting Eg. Sugarcane trash compost, coirpith compost, enriched FYM etc. What is fortified organic manure??
- 12. Enriched FYMis prepared at 1:10 ratio of MN mixture / ZnSO4 and FYM, mixed at friable moisture and keeping for one month in shade Zn-Enriched FYM preparation
- 13. Fortified organic manures •Trench or pit is filled with biodegradable organic material—crop residues, farm wastes, animal feed wastes and tree leaves are spread on the floor of the trench (about 20-cm thick layer). • A layer of rock phosphate, followed by waste mica is then spread over biodegradable organic material. • Cattle-dung is made into slurry by adding water, and this is sprinkled over rock phosphate and waste-mica layer.
- 14. Layering isrepeated till whole compostable materials are added Moisture content is maintained throughout the composting period at 60% of water-holding capacity Periodic turning (monthly interval) is done to provide aeration After the one month compost is ready for use Fortified organic manures
- 15. Large quantitiesof crop residues/ stubbles may be recycled back to field Nutrients availability and use efficiency can be increased Huge amount of foreign exchange can be saved by reducing fertilizer input Reduce loss of nutrients from soil and contamination of environment is reduced Viable rural entrepreneurship Advantages of the fortified organics
- 16. Fortified fertilizersare enhanced phosphate and nitrogen fertilizer blends with added micronutrients designed to feed degraded soil effectively Root uptake of potassium and phosphorus get severely reduced under low B conditions We produce SSP, fortified with Boron. It enhances the uptake of other nutrients present in the soil. ... It enhances the uptake of other nutrients present in the soil Fortified fertilizers
- 17. Oil-cakes Nutrient content (%) NP2O5 K2O Non edible oil-cakes Castor cake 4.3 1.8 1.3 Cotton seed cake (un decorticated) 3.9 1.8 1.6 Karanj cake 3.9 0.9 1.2 Mahua cake 2.5 0.8 1.2 Safflower cake (un decorticated) 4.9 1.4 1.2 Edible oil-cakes Coconut cake 3.0 1.9 1.8 Cotton seed cake (decorticated) 6.4 2.9 2.2 Groundnut cake 7.3 1.5 1.3 Linseed cake 4.9 1.4 1.3 Niger cake 4.7 1.8 1.3 Rape seed cake 5.2 1.8 1.2 Safflower cake (decorticated) 7.9 2.2 1.9 Sesamum cake 6.2 2.0 1.2 Organic manures - sources
- 18. Organic manures Nutrient content(%) N P2O5 K2O Blood meal 10 - 12 1 - 2 1.0 Meat meal 10.5 2.5 0.5 Fish meal 4 - 10 3 - 9 0.3 - 1.5 Horn and Hoof meal 13 - - Raw bone meal 3 - 4 20 - 25 - Steamed bone meal 1 - 2 25 - 30 - Organic manures