Organic Solar Cells
- 1. Low Cost Manufacturingof Organic Solar CellsVishal Shrotriya, Ph.D.Solarmer Energy, Inc.Printed Electronics USA | Nov 30 - Dec 2, 2010 | Santa Clara, CA
- 2. OutlineIntroductionMaterials for HighEfficiency OPVsR2R Process DevelopmentLifetime and StabilityProducts and Applications11/29/2010PE USA 20102
- 3. OPV Timeline11/29/20103SolarmerBefore 2005Konarka8.13%7.9%Plextronics7.6%Solarmer6.4%6.8%6.0%Plextronicsfounded5.4%5.1%Konarka founded4.8%3.7%3.2%R2R line completeSolarmer’s R&D beganSolarmer founded2.7%20072009200520082006200420032002200120112010PE USA 2010
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- 13. Materials DevelopmentNext 2years2007-20105PE USA 2010Assumptions: EQE = 65%
- 14. FF = 65%RecentResults: EQE > 70% (White et al., APL 2008)FF > 70%Efficiency up to 12% can be achieved for single cellsSchraber et al., Adv Mater 2006.11/29/2010
- 15. ChallengesBang gap toolarge (1.9 eV for P3Ht vs. 1.1 eV for Si)Low current densityNon-optimized energy levelsLow voltageSignificant energy loss during charge transferLow voltageLow mobilityLow fill factor 11/29/20106PE USA 2010
- 16. New Materials –LBG IPSBTBTJSC = 13.6 mA/cm2VOC = 0.66 VFF = 0.62PCE = 5.6%11/29/20107PE USA 2010
- 17. New Materials –PTBPTB1VOC = 0.58VJSC = 15 mA/cm2FF = 66%PCE = 6%11/29/20108PE USA 2010
- 18. BDT Based PolymersNaturePhotonics 2009, 3 (11), 64911/29/20109PE USA 2010
- 19. BDT Based PolymersForOPV based on PBDTTT-CF:JSC = 15.2 mA/cm2VOC = 0.76 VFF = 66.9 % PCE = 7.73 %Nature Photonics 2009, 3 (11), 64911/29/201010PE USA 2010
- 20. Champion Cell (NRELCertified)11/29/2010PE USA 201011(Reported in July 2010)VOC= 0.757 VJSC= 14.97 mA/cm2Fill Factor = 67.84%Efficiency = 8.13%
- 21. Champion Module11/29/2010PE USA201012* Certified by Newport Corp.
- 22. Materials Development SummaryVOCtuning by applying electron-withdrawing groups which lower polymer’s HOMOLong wavelength absorption achieved through low band-gap which increases JSCMore than 7% efficiency achieved in OPVs using BDT-based polymersFurther improvement in efficiency is expected by increasing VOC by tuning polymer’s HOMO level11/29/2010PE USA 201013
- 23. Low Cost ManufacturingUsesprimarily existing technologyRoll-to-roll for high throughputLow temperature processNon-vacuum processLow energy requirementsVery high material utilization11/29/2010PE USA 201014
- 24. Roll-to-Roll Process 15Laminationof high quality barrier film Rotary Screen,Conductive pasteDeposition head,Active layer Deposition Head,HTL LayerDeposition Head,ETL Layer11/29/2010Cond PasteHTL/ETLActive ETL/HTLITO PETPE USA 2010
- 25. Deposition HeadProblem Drivers:Lowsolid content (2-5%)Low viscosity (10-150 cps)ThicknessPatternRegistrationSolid ContentSolution ViscosityProcess Parameters 1611/29/2010PE USA 2010
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- 27. Coating Line Design18AirNozzleSlot-Die11/29/2010PE USA 2010
- 28. RewindingDryerOvenAntistatic BarCoating HeadUnwindingPlasmaTreaterTacky RollBacking RollLow cost and easy to modify
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- 31. Line speed: Upto 20 ft/minSolarmer’s OPV Pilot Line1911/29/2010PE USA 2010
- 32. Stability of OPVsFactorsthat affect stabilityTemperatureHumidityCycling of temp, %RH, lightLoad conditionsPre treatment (light soak, etc.)PackagingElectrodes11/29/2010PE USA 201020LightTemperatureHumidity/ Oxygen
- 33. Energy transfer fromphoto-excited polymer to adsorbed ground state oxygen molecules to form singlet oxygenDegradation Mechanisms11/29/201021ONRSBIR Phase I Project
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- 35. Stability TestingAccelerated LifetimeTestingAdhesiveOPV CellEncapsulation SchemeFlexible BarrierFlexible SubstrateFlexible Barrier23PE USA 201011/29/2010
- 36. Manufacturing SummaryHigh efficiencyOPV cell and module demonstratedNew polymer developmentR2R compatible manufacturing process being developedHigh-speed, high-yield, low temperature processStable rigid and flexible cells> 2500 hrs demonstrated under continuous illumination 11/29/2010PE USA 201024
- 37. Why OPVs WillSell?11/29/2010CONFIDENTIAL25
- 38. Products RoadmapCONFIDENTIAL2611/29/2010>10%10 years$0.5/WGenIVPerformance5-10%5 years$1/WGen III3-5%3 years $2/WGen II1-2%1 year$5/WGen ITechnology MaturityLong Term2017+Short Term2010-2013Medium Term2013-2017Source: OE-A, Solarmer
- 39. I. Portable PowerOffGrid Chargers market:$2.3 billion (GSMA, Oct 2009)Clean energy market in India’s rural:$2 billion per year (WRI, Sep 2010)Global market for portable power:$461.5 billion in 2013 (BCC Research)11/29/2010CONFIDENTIAL27Global Market for Portable Products, 2008(Source: BCC Research)
- 40. I. Portable Power(contd.)11/29/2010CONFIDENTIAL28OPV Price = $2 per phone (Cost = $0.68)1 hour under sun = 30 min talk time (20 hrs standby)$120 million/year (2013)*OPV panel needed = 0.8 lbs (Compare to 30 lbs battery)OPV Price = $500 per soldier (Cost = $178)$140million (2013)*OPV Price = $5 per Kindle (Cost = $2.05)15 min under sun = No charging needed … ever!$20million/year (2013)** Assuming 20% market share for OPVs
- 41. II. Building IntegratedPVPower Windows for BIPV: Our “Killer App”Affordable; Beautiful; CompatiblePotential market in BIPV = $380 million (2016: Year of launch)CONFIDENTIAL2911/29/2010Image: ThyssenSolartecSource: NanoMarkets, 2010
- 42. OPVMarket (Worldwide)11/29/2010CONFIDENTIAL30Key Points:Revenuesto reach $800M by 2015A significant increase in production expected beyond 2013Module price to reach < $1/W in 2014-15 for large scale power generation
- 43. Outlook for OPVIncreasingcompetition from other thin-film PVsWindow of opportunity is closing fastMaterials development will be keyHigh speed roll-to-roll manufacturing will enable benefitsWay to win is to form a winning alliance… Now!11/29/2010CONFIDENTIAL31
- 44. Partners and Collaborators11/29/2010PEUSA 201032
- 45. Contact InformationSolarmer Energy,Inc.3445 Fletcher Avenue, El Monte, CA 91731 USATel: (626) 456-8090; Fax: (626) 456-8082Email: [email protected]: http://www.solarmer.comVishal ShrotriyaTechnology [email protected]/29/2010PE USA 201033
Editor's Notes
- #22 Reaction of PPV polymer with singlet oxygen, which adds to the vinylene bond to form intermediate dioxetane, followed by chain scission
- #29 iPhone 4 Camera = $9.76 (Total = 187.51)Smart phone sales= 300 million in 2013 (OPV = 20% market share)Solar cell phone chargers sell for $50-100 todayOPV for soldiers = 19 sqft (for 3 days); total US soldiers = 1.4 millionOPV for ebook readers = 50% market share