Orthopaedics Mc Qs

Orthopaedic Surgery MCQs

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MCQs
6) Tuberculosis of the spine most likely originates from:
a. Intervertebral disk.
b. Cancellous vertebral body.
c. Ligamentous structures.
1) Origin of bone is from: d. Paravertebral soft tissue.
a. Ectoderm.
b. Mesoderm. 7) In Pott's spine, the disease starts in the:
c. Endoderm. a. Intervertebral disk.
d. All of the above. b. Anterior vertebral margin.
c. Posterior vertebral margin.
2) Acute osteomyelitis is commonly caused by: d. Paravertebral soft tissue.
a. Staph aureus.
b. S. pyogenes. 8) Melon seed bodies in joint fluid are characteristic of:
c. H. influenzae. a. Rheumatoid arthritis.
d. Salmonella. b. Tuberculous arthritis.
c. Septic arthritis.
3) Acute osteomyelitis usually begins at: d. None of the above.
a. Epiphysis.
b. Metaphysis. 9) The earliest sign of TB hip in X-ray is:
c. Diaphysis. a. Narrow joint space.
d. Any of the above. b. Irregular moth eaten femoral head.
c. Periarticular osteoporosis.
4) What is not True of acute pyogenic osteomyelitis: d. Dislocation.
a. Trauma is a predisposing factor.
b. Common infecting agent is Staph. Aureus. 10) Healing of tuberculous arthritis can lead to:
c. Infection is usually blood borne. a. Calcification.
d. All are true. b. Fibrous ankylosis.
c. Boney ankylosis.
5) What is not True of Brodie's abscess: d. None of the above.
a. A form of chronic osteomyelitis.
b. Intermittent pain and swelling. 11) Osteoid osteoma originates from:
c. Common to diaphysis. a. Periosteum.
d. Excision is very often required. b. Cortex.
c. Medullary cavity.
d. All of the above.

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12) Sun ray appearance of osteosarcoma is because of: 18) An adamantinoma historically contains:
a. Periosteal reaction. a. Squamous cell rests.
b. Osteonecrosis. b. Pallisading cells.
c. Calcification along vessels. c. Cells resembling basilar cells.
d. None of the above. d. All of the above.

13) Bone metastasis in male commonly arises from 19) Osteomalacia predominantly affects the:
cancer of: a. Spine.
a. Lung. b. Pelvis.
b. Prostate. c. Skull bones.
c. Kidney. d. Metatarsals.
d. Thyroid. 20) The enzyme found in osteoclasts but not in osteoblasts
14) Osteoblastic bone secondaries commonly arise from is:
cancer of: a. Alkaline phosphatase.
a. Breast. b. Acid phosphatase.
b. Lung. c. Elastase.
c. Prostate. d. Cytochrome oxidase.
d. Adrenal. 21) A Gigli saw is:
15) Bone metastasis can be best evaluated by: a. An electrically driven circular bone saw.
a. X-ray. b. A pneumatically driven bone saw.
b. 99mTC bone scan. c. A short straight bone saw.
c. 111Indium scan. d. A long twisted wire bone saw.
d. Calcium-alkaline phosphatase elevation. 22) Osteoclasis can be used to:
16) The synonym for Paget's disease is: a. Correct deformity of the tibia due to rickets.
a. Osteitis fibrosa. b. Curette an osteoclastoma.
b. Osteitis proliferans. c. Correct deformity.
c. Osteitis deformans. d. Correct a ricketery rosary.
d. None of the above. 23) In Dupuytren's contracture which one of the
17) Multiple myeloma tumor cells resemble: following statements incorrect:
a. Granulocytes. a. It is a contracture of the flexor tendons to the ring and
b. Plasma cells. little fingers.
c. Lymphocytes. b. It is a contracture of the palmar fascia.
d. Chondrocytes. c. It may occur in the plantar fascia.
d. There is an association with cirrhosis of the liver.

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24) In an adult patient with a fracture of the shaft of the 29) Internal reduction is considered in presence of:
femur: a. Reduction impossible to the achieved or maintained.
a. No blood can be lost without obvious swelling. b. Healing is expected to be delayed.
b. No blood can be lost without obvious bruising. c. Pathological fracture.
c. Two liters of blood can be lost without obvious swelling d. All of the above.
or bruising.
d. There is no possibility of death from hemorrhagic 30) Which one of these statements is True in diagnosis
shock. of congenital hip dislocation in the first few days of life:
a. It is impossible to diagnose it.
25) A greenstick fracture: b. The sign of telescoping is the best way of diagnosing it.
a. Occurs chiefly in the elderly. c. It is possible to diagnose it by the Van Rosen/Barlow
b. Does not occur in children. Test.
c. Is a spiral fracture- of tubular bone. d. The Trendelenberg test is the most useful.
d. Is a fracture where part of the cortex is intact and part
is crumpled or cracked. 31) Trendelenburg's sign is used in the diagnosis of:
a. Varicose veins.
26) Spiral fracture is due to: b. Congenital dislocation of the hip.
a. Blunt trauma. c. Carcinoma of the stomach.
b. Axial compression. d. Pulmonary embolism.
c. Twist.
d. Direct impact. 32) If an unstable hip is detected at birth the
management policy is:
27) The single most important factor in fracture healing a. Do nothing and re-examine every six months as only a
is: minority of hips develop into a persistent dislocation.
a. Correct bone alignment. b. Use a splint to keep the hip joint in 45° flexion and
b. Accurate reduction. adduction.
c. Immobilization. c. Use a splint to keep the hip joint in 90° flexion and
d. Organization of clot. abduction.
d. Advise operative stabilization.
28) Immobilization is not required in fracture involving:
a. Scapula. 33) The essential examination of the hip in order to
b. Wings of ilium. clinch the diagnosis of chronic slipped femoral
c. Rib. epiphysis is:
d. Proximal humerus in elderly. a. Measuring for shortening of the leg.
e. All of the above. b. Palpation of the femoral head.
c. A-P plain x-ray view of the hip.
d. Lateral x-ray view of the hip.

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34) Shenton's line is a sign applicable to: 39) The term delayed union is employed when the
a. The detection of shortening of the leg on physical fracture fails to unite within:
examination. a. 1.5 times the normal union time.
b. A radiological feature of the pelvis applied to the b. Twice the normal union time.
diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip. c. 2.5 times the normal union time.
c. A radiological feature of the lungs applied to the d. None of the above.
diagnosis of pulmonary vein thrombosis.
d. A physical sign applied to the diagnosis of adrenal 40) First bone to ossify in foetal life is:
deficiency. a. Femur.
b. Tibia.
35) Perthes' disease is common to age group of: c. Clavicle.
a. 1-5. d. Sternum.
b. 6-10.
c. 11-15. 41) What is True of clavicle fracture:
d. 16-20. a. Non-union is rare.
b. Malunion is of no functional significance.
36) The average duration of Perthes' disease is: c. Reduction even if achieved is difficult to maintain.
a. 1-2 years. d. All are true.
b. 3- 4 years.
c. 1 month - 6 months. 42) The joint most likely to have recurrent dislocation is:
d. 6 months - 1 year. a. Ankle.
b. Knee.
37) In Perthes' disease the hip movements restricted are: c. Shoulder.
a. Abduction and external rotation. d. Patella.
b. Abduction and internal rotation.
c. Adduction and external rotation. 43) Anterior dislocation of shoulder may be complicated
d. All of the above. by:
a. Brachial plexus injury.
38) The sequestrum in X-ray appears: b. Tear of rotator cuff.
a. Dense. c. Fracture head of humerus.
b. Light. d. All of the above.
c. Isodense as surrounding bone.
d. Any of the above. 44) What is not True about fracture surgical neck of
humerus:
a. Occurs due to fall on outstretched hand.
b. Common to children.
c. Osteoporosis is an important risk factor.
d. Non-union is uncommon.

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45) Radial nerve palsy may occur in fr of humerus 51) Fracture involving which part of humerus can cause
involving: delayed ulnar palsy:
a. Surgical neck. a. Shaft.
b. Shaft. b. Surgical neck.
c. Lower end. c. Medial epicondyle.
d. At all of the above locations. d. Lateral epieondyle.
46) The most common form of supracondylar fracture 52) The deformity of wrist in Colles' fracture is:
humerus in children is of which type: a. Madelung's deformity.
a. Flexion. b. Dinner fork deformity.
b. Extension. c. Buttonaire deformity.
c. Combination of A & B d. None of the above.
d. None of the above.
53) Colles' fracture can be complicated by late rupture of:
47) Myositis ossificans commonly occurs around: a. Extensor pollicis longus.
a. Shoulder. b. Abductor pollicis longus.
b. Elbow. c. Adductor pollicis longus.
c. Wrist. d. Flexor pollicis longus.
d. Knee.
54) What is True of Sudeck's atrophy of hand:
48) Volkman's ischemia commonly occurs following: a. Hand is painful and swollen.
a. Fracture shaft humerus. b. Osteoporosis of carpals and metacarpals.
b. Supracondylar fracture. c. There is increased blood flow to para-articular areas.
c. Colles' fracture. d. Cervical sympathectomy may be of help.
d. Monteggia fracture. e. All are true.
49) The single dependable sign of early Volkmann's
55) The carpal bone most commonly fractured is:
contracture is:
a. Triquetrum.
a. Cyanosis of fingers.
b. Hamate.
b. Obliteration of radial pulse.
c. Capitate.
c. Paralysis of flexor muscles of forearm.
d. Scaphoid.
d. Pallor of fingers.
e. Pain. 56) Which nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel
50) Cubitus valgus of elbow commonly follows fracture syndrome:
of: a. Ulnar.
a. Lateral condyle. b. Median.
b. Medial condyle. c. Radial.
c. Capitalum. d. All of the above.
d. Lower third of humerus.
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57) The most common injury following pelvic fracture is 63) Which of the following is not True of intertrochanteric
of: fracture of femur:
a. Bladder. a. Limb shortening.
b. Urethra. b. Malunion.
c. Rectum. c. Avascular necrosis of femoral head.
d. Vagina. d. Internal fixation is preferred.
58) Limb shortening with adduction and internal rotation 64) Most common complication of fracture shaft femur
occurs in which type of hip dislocation: is:
a. Anterior. a. Malunion.
b. Posterior. b. Nonunion.
c. Central. c. Knee stiffness.
d. All of the above. d. Fat embolism.
59) Nelaton's line joins anterior superior iliac spine to: 65) Spontaneous bleeding into joints in haemophilia
a. Xiphisternum. occurs when factor VI level is less than:
b. Pubic tubercle. a. 50%.
c. Ischial tuberosity. b. 25%.
d. Ischial spine. c. 10%.
d. 5%.
60) Bryant's triangle helps to assess:
a. Fracture neck of femur. 66) Recurrence of Baker's cyst should make the surgeon
b. Iliac crest displacement. suspect:
c. Trochanteric displacement. a. Neoplastic change.
d. None of the above. b. Undiagnosed pathology within knee.
c. Incomplete removal of the cyst.
61) Normal neck-shaft angle of femur is: d. The communication to the joint is persisting.
a. 90°.
b. 120°. 67) Flexion of distal interphalangeal joint with fixing the
c. 150°. proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) tests:
d. 170°. a. Flexor digitorum profundus.
b. Flexor digitorum superficials.
62) Fracture femoral neck can be diagnosed from: c. Palmaris longus.
a. Limb shortening. d. All of the above.
b. External rotation.
c. Abduction.
d. A + B.

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68) Stenosing tenovaginitis commonly affects: 73) Bennett's fracture is
a. Abductor pollicis. a. reversed Colles' fracture
b. Flexor pollicis longus. b. fracture of the scaphoid bone in the wrist
c. Opponens pollicis. c. fracture of the radial styloid (chauffeur's fracture)
d. All of the above. d. fracture dislocation of the first metacarpal
e. cause of mallet finger
69) A sequestrum is
a. a piece of soft dead tissue 74) Supracondylar fracture of the humerus in a child
b. a piece of dead skin a. is due to a fall on the point of the elbow
c. a dead tooth b. is usually compound
d. a piece of dead bone c. requires admission of the patient after reduction
e. a retained swab d. requires immediate open reduction
e. is a fracture dislocation
70) Union of a simple uncomplicated transverse fracture
of the tibia in an adult normally takes 75) A fracture of the midshaft of the clavicle is best
a. 6 weeks treated by
b. 8 weeks a. clavicle rings
c. 12 weeks b. a figure-of-eight bandage
d. 18 weeks c. open reduction and plating
e. 26 weeks d. an intramedullary nail
e. a broad arm sling and analgesics
71) Fractures which do not impact include
a. fracture of tile vault of the skull 76) A Pott's fracture is a type of fracture of the
b. a compression fracture a. wrist
c. a simple fracture b. ankle
d. a transverse fracture of the patella c. spine
e. fracture of the neck of the femur d. foot
e. skull
72) Colles' fracture is
a. a fracture of the clavicle 77) Treatment of a severe comminuted fracture of the
b. a fracture about the ankle joint patella includes
c. common in elderly women a. physiotherapy alone
d. a fracture of the head of the radius b. insertion of a figure-of-eight tension band
e. fracture of die scaphoid c. patellectomy
d. inserting screws or wire
e. skin traction

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78) Malunion of a fracture is 83) Pott's paraplegia is due to
a. a fracture which unites in a position of deformity a. hematomyelia following trauma
b. delayed union of a fracture b. damage to the cord by a piece of bone when vertebrae
c. non-union of a fracture collapse in tuberculosis of the spine
d. followed by pseudoarthrosis c. tuberculous pus and angulation in tuberculosis of the
e. due to tuberculosis spine
d. damage to die corda equina after a fall
79) Volkmann's contracture e. fracture dislocation of cervical vertebrae
a. affects the palmar fascia
b. develops at the ankle in a case of chronic venous ulcer 84) Still's disease is
c. follows ischemia of the forearm muscles a. spastic diplegia
d. is due to excessive scarring of the skin of the axilla b. rheumatoid arthritis in childhood
following a burn c. rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly
e. follows ulnar nerve palsy d. post-traumatic bone formation in the lateral ligament of
the knee
80) A Brodie's abscess is e. synonymous with Reiter's disease
a. a subperiosteal abscess due to infection of the mastoid
air cells 85) A benign tumor forming osteoid is
b. a type pf breast abscess a. a synovioma
c. a chronic abscess of the bone b. a chondroma
d. an abscess arising in the inguinal lymph nodes c. an osteoma
e. an abscess forming in an infected varicose vein d. a fibroma
e. an adenoma
81) The initial abnormality in primary osteoarthritis is
a. in the synovial membrane 86) Ewing's tumor affecting the humerus
b. sclerosis of cartilage a. is a metastasis from carcinoma of the thyroid
c. fibrillation of cartilage b. should be treated by immediate amputation
d. an osteophyte c. looks like a cut onion on x-ray
e. a pannus d. has a soap-bubble appearance on x-ray
e. displays sun-ray spicules on x-ray
82) The initial abnormality in rheumatoid arthritis is
a. fibrillation of cartilage 87) Barlow's sign is related to the diagnosis of
b. sclerosis of cartilage a. talipes equinus varus
c. in the synovial membrane b. congenital dislocation of the hip
d. in the capsule c. ulnar nerve palsy
e. proliferation of bone d. genu varum
e. fractured neck of femur
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88) The reported incidence of unstable hips per 1000 at 93) Legg-Calve-Perthe's disease is
birth is as much as a. osteochondritis of the spine
a. 0.5 b. tuberculosis of the hip joint
b. 2-5 c. slipped proximal femoral epiphysis
c. 8-20 d. osteochondritis of the proximal femoral epiphysis
d. 25-30 e. osteomalacia
e. 35-40
94) The name associated with joint neuropathy is that of
89) The word talipes refers to a. Cushing
a. long feet with spidery toes b. Osier
b. knock knee c. Moon
c. flat feet d. Charcot
d. hammer toes e. Addison
e. club feet
95) Adrenocorticosteroids administered in excess cause
90) Bone dysplasia is due strictly to a. osteoporosis
a. faulty nutrition b. osteosclerosis
b. osteomyelitis c. osteochondritis
c. parathyroid tumor d. endochondral ossification
d. trauma e. osteosarcoma
e. faulty development
96) 'Tennis elbow' is the term used for
91) Idiopathic scoliosis is a a. olecranon bursitis
a. lateral curvature of the spine b. 'non-articular rheumatism' of the extensor muscles of
b. rotation of the spine forearm attached to lateral epicondyle of the humerus
c. lateral curvature with rotation of the spine c. myositis ossificans of the supinator muscle
d. flexion deformity of the spine d. a fractured head of radius
e. congenital disease with hemivertebrae e. ulnar nerve neuritis
92) A Milwaukee brace can be used in 97) An adventitious bursa is
a. sacro-iliac strain a. an anatomical bursa overlying any joint
b. derangement of the teeth b. a type of degeneration of adventitia of popliteal artery
c. a patient with an above knee amputation c. an acquired bursa generated from connective tissue
d. scoliosis d. a pseudocyst in the lesser sac (omental bursa)
e. fractured clavicle e. an infected knee

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98) A trigger finger is 103) In the following types of fractures of long bones,
a. an inflamed index finger crepitus can be elicited only in:
b. an atrophic index finger in a median nerve palsy a. Fissures
c. due to stenosing tenovaginitis affecting one of the b. Subperiosteal cracks
flexor tendons in the palm c. Greenstick fractures
d. an essential feature of the carpal tunnel syndrome d. Spiral and oblique fractures
e. a component of syndactyly e. Impacted fractures
99) A Baker's cyst is 104) The most severe growth disturbance results from
a. an implantation dermoid cyst occurring in the palms of which of the following types of epiphyseal injuries:
those who work in a bakery a. Separation of the epiphysis at the metaphyseal side of
b. a synovial cyst of the wrists of those who knead bread the epiphyseal plate
c. a prepatellar bursa b. Separation of the epiphysis with a triangular fragment
d. a synovial cyst of the ankle of the metaphysic
e. a synovial cyst of the popliteal fossa c. Intra-articular fracture involving the articular cartilage
epiphysis and epiphyseal plate
100) Immobilization of fractures of long bones should d. Intra-articular fracture extending from the joint surface
include through the epiphysis and epiphyseal plate to the
a. Fractured bone only metaphysic
b. Joint involved in the fracture e. Crashing injuries compressing the epiphyseal plate
c. Proximal joint without displacement
d. Both proximal and distal joints
e. Distal joint 105) Local complications of closed fractures do not
include:
101) Non-union is common in fractures of the following a. Malunion
bones except the: b. Non-union
a. Carpal scaphoid c. Infection
b. Neck of the femur d. Sudek's atrophy
c. Lower third of the tibia e. Joint stiffness
d. Talus
e. Tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal 106) Non-union in closed fractures may due to any of the
following except:
102) The signs of fractured shaft of a bone do not include: a. Inadequate immobilization
a. Swelling b. Interposition of soft parts
b. Deformity c. Impaired blood supply
c. Loss of all movements in the limb d. Inpsction of the fragments
d. Acute localized bone tenderness e. Wide separation of the fragments
e. Abnormal mobility in the line of the bone

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107) Causes of gangrene after fracture in a limb do not 112) The incorrect statement about anterior
include: dislocation of the shoulder joint is that:
a. Direct crushing of the tissues a. shoulder loses its rounded contour & becomes
b. Injury to the main vessels flattened
c. Tight plasters b. The elbow is abducted from the side
d. Septic infection c. All movements of the shoulder are limited and
e. Clostridial infection painful
d. The anterior and posterior folds of the axilla are
108) The correct ttt of traumatic myositis ossificans is by: elevated
a. Prolonged immobilization e. The hand cannot be placed on the opposite
b. Active exercises shoulder (Duga's test)
c. Passive stretching and massage
d. Both A and B 113) Recent dislocations of shoulder joint are best
e. Both B and C treated by:
a. Hippocrates' method of closed reduction
109) Concerning fracture of the shaft of the clavicle, it is b. Kocher's manipulation
untrue that it: c. Modified Milch's manoevre
a. Is usually due to direct trauma d. Open reduction
b. Commonly involves the middle third e. Putti-platt1s operation
c. Is often associated with overriding of fragments
d. Causes dropping and deformity of shoulder 114) Recurrent shoulder joint dislocation is best
e. Is usually treated by figure-of-eight bandage treated by:
a. Physiotherapy
110) A child with midclavicular fracture and overriding of b. Nicola's operation
the fragments is best treated by: c. Bankart's operation
a. Supine bed rest with interscapsular sandbag support d. Putti-Platt's operation
b. Open reduction and internal fixation e. Arthrodesis of the joint
c. Figure-of-eight bandage
d. Closed reduction and plaster fixation 115) Fractures of the shaft of the humerus are best
e. Manipulative reduction and abduction splint treated by:
a. Closed reduction and shoulder spica
111) In shoulder dislocations, the humeral head usually b. Continuous skeletal traction
dislocates primarily in which of the following directions: c. Open reduction and internal fixation
a. Inferiorly d. Hanging plaster cast
b. Superiorly e. Coaptation plaster splint with a Velpeau dressing
c. Anteriorly
d. Posteriorly
e. Laterally

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116) The most vulnerable structure in supracondylar 120) An elderly ♀ sustained Colles' fracture which was
fracture of the humerus is the: properly treated. However, she developed severe pain &
a. Median cubital vein stiffness of the wrist with coldness and cyanosis of the
b. Brachial artery hand. X-ray examination revealed diffuse decalcification
c. Median nerve of the bones. She proved to be suffering from:
d. Ulnar nerve a. Causalgia
e. Radial nerve b. Tuberculous arthritis of wrist joint
c. Traumatic tenosynovitis
117) Posterior dislocation of elbow joint is characterized d. Sudek's atrophy
by the following except: e. Osteoarthritis of wrist joint
a. Gross swellinq of the elbow region
b. Loss of all movements at the elbow joint 121) Following a stumble on stairs, a 70-year-old ♂ felt
c. Shortening of the upper arm severe pain in the hip and could not stand up. O/E, there
d. Absence of crepitus was shortening of the limb, external rotation deformity
e. Loss of the normal relationship of the olecranon with and tender thickening of the greater trochanter. X-ray
the two eoicondvles examination revealed:
a. Intracapsular fracture of the neck of the femur
118) In fracture of the olecranon process of the ulna, the b. Pertochanteric fracture of the femur
following statements are true except that it: c. Dislocation of hip
a. Is usually due to a fall on the elbow d. Fracture of acetabulum
b. Can be felt as a gap between the olecranon and the e. Fracture of greater trochanter
shaft
c. Is rarely associated with hemarthrosis 122) Tears of the meniscus of the knee result from which
d. May be complicated by anterior dislocation of the of the following strain:
elbow joint a. Hyperextension
e. Always requires surgical treatment b. Abduction
119) Concerning extension Monoteggia's fracture- c. Adduction
dislocation, it is untrue that it: d. Rotation
a. Consists of fracture of the upper third of the ulna and e. Combined flexion and rotation
anterior dislocation of the radial head
b. Is usually due to a severe blow on the back of the
forearm
c. Can be treated by manipulative reduction in children
d. Always requires surgical treatment in adults
e. Is rarely associated with complications

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123) In a football game, an athlete felt severe pain in his Rt 127) An irregular epiphyseal line with calcifying periosteal
knee while turning to the left side with the joint flexed haematc found on X-ray examination is indicative of:
and taking the body weight. Soon after, the joint became a. Infantile rickets
swollen and painful but recovery followed rest for 3 b. Scurvy
weeks. Thereafter, the patient suffered from recurrent c. Hemophilia
locking with pain and a feeling of "giving way" in the d. Hypoparathyroidism
joint. The most probable diagnosis is: e. Hypervitaminosis A
a. Solitary loose body
128) Osteoporosis is a deficiency in:
b. Fracture of the tibial spine
a. Calcium metabolism
c. Rupture of the medial ligament
b. Calcium deposition
d. Rupture of the medial semillunar cartilage
c. Protein supporting tissue
e. Fracture of the patella
d. All of the above
124) A lateral blow at the level of the knee joint may e. None of the above
cause: 129) Which of the following statements is untrue
a. Rupture of anterior cruciate ligament concerning the enzyme alkaline phosphatase:
b. Rupture of medial collateral ligament a. Has a normal serum concentration of 3-13 KA units
c. Avulsion of medial meniscus b. Is present in high concentrations in liver cells
d. Bumper fracture of tibia c. Is excreted in the bile
e. All of the above d. Is elevated in the serum of patients with healing
125) A march fracture most frequently results from: fractures
a. Direct trauma e. Is ↑ in the serum of patients with rickets and
b. Jumping from a height osteomalacia
c. Muscle fatigue from prolonged walking 130) Localized bone sclerosis may be due to:
d. Use of high-healed shoes a. Syphilis
e. Osteoporosis b. Sclerosing osteoperiostitis
c. Osteoarthritis
126) Intestinal absorption of calcium is dependent upon:
d. Bone tumors
a. Vitamin D
e. All of the above
b. Parathoraone
c. Calcitonin
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

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131) Enlarged tender epiphyses with bowing of long 135) Concerning Ollier's disease, which of the following
bones and X-ray evidence of delayed carpal ossification statements is incorrect:
suggest the diagnosis of: a. There is a strong hereditary predisposition
a. Scurvy b. Multiple enchondromata occur in small long bones of
b. Infantile rickets hands and feet
c. Syphilitis epiphysitis c. The affected bones are stunted
d. Osteogenesis imperfecta d. Deformities may arise from unequal affection of
e. Achondroplasia metaphyses
e. Chonrosarcoma may develop in one of the
132) Osteomalacia may be due to the following factors enchonromata
except:
a. Starvation 136) The following statements about diaphyseal aclasis
b. Repeated pregnancies are true except that it:
c. Idiopathic steatorrhea a. Is a common hereditary condition
d. Increased renal excretion of calcium and b. Never affects membrane bones
phosphorus c. Is characterized by multiple exostoses
e. Prolonged recumbency d. May be associated with dwarfism
e. Spares the metaphyses of long bones
133) Achondroplasia is characterized by the following
features except: 137) Concerning Osgood-Schlatter's disease, the
a. Short extremities following statements are true except that it:
b. Normal trunk length a. Is an avascular necrosis of the epiphysis of the tibia
c. Normal intelligence tubercle
d. Enlarged head b. Usually occurs between ages of 10 and 16 years
e. Normal ossification of cartilage c. Is due to traction of the patellar tendon on the tibial
tubercle
134) Osteogenesis imperfecta is characterized by the d. Is associated with no radiological signs
following features except: e. Causes pain and swelling over the tubercle
a. Blue sclerae
b. Brittle shell-like bones 138) Generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica is characterized
c. Multiple fractures by the following features except:
d. Osteoporosis a. Deficiency of parathormone
e. Familial tendency b. Diffuse decalcification and softening of bones
c. Cysts containing Brwonish fluid
d. Multiple gaint-cell tumors
e. Urinary symptoms due to renal calculi
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139) The following statements about Paget's disease of 143) A 9-year-old boy presented with limping and pain in
bones are true except that it: the right knee two days after a fall in the street. On
a. Affects elderly subjects, particularly males examination he looked ill and in severe pain with high
b. Is a generalized bone dystrophy of obscure etiology fever and swelling of the knee region extending to the
c. Causes deformities in the skull, spine, pelvis and thigh which was warm and very tender. The most
lower limbs probable diagnosis is:
d. Produces no pressure symptoms a. Traumatic synovitis
e. Is often associated with cardiovascular b. Hemarthrosis
complications c. Acute osteomyelitis of the femur
d. Septic arthritis of knee
140) Which of the following statements is untrue in e. Bone sarcoma
Paget's disease:
a. The bones are greatly thickened and very vascular 144) Solitary bone cyst is characterized by the following
b. Cranial nerve palsies may occur features except that it:
c. Spontaneous fractures are rare a. Occurs most often in children and adolescents
d. X-ray examination of the skull is diagnostic b. Usually arises in the diaphysis of a long bone
e. Osteogenic sarcoma occurs in over 5% of cases c. Often remains symptomless until complicated by
pathological fracture
141) Which statement is untrue in renal rickets: d. Appears as clear ovoid expanding cavity in the X-ray
a. Results from renal insufficiency in infancy e. May be associated with new-bone formation
b. Is due to deficient phosphorus, excretion
c. Manifests itself by marked dwarfism 145) The most common tumor of the small bones of the
d. Causes no deformities in the limbs hands and feet is:
e. Ends fatally from uraemia at puberty a. Enchondroma
b. Osteochondroma
142) A 7-year-old child presented with intermittent limp c. Osteoclastoma
and pain in the right hip and knee. On examination, d. Cancellous osteoma
flexion and extension movements were free and there e. Bone sarcoma
was no tenderness and no muscle wasting. X-ray
examination confirmed the diagnosis of: 146) Which of the following is most common in the small
a. Early tuberculous arthritis of the hip joint bones of the hands and feet:
b. Traumatic arthritis a. Osteochondroma
c. Perthes' disease b. Enchondroma
d. Slipped upper femoral epiphysis c. Osteoid osteoma
e. Coxa vara d. Osteochondritis juvinelis
e. Tuberculous osteitis
15

147) Concerning osteoclastoma, the following statements 151) The following statements about bone sarcoma are
are correct except that it: true except that it:
a. Usually occurs between the ages of 15 and 40 years a. Arises from osteoblasts of the periosteum or bone
b. Always arises in metaphyseal region of cartilaginous cortex
bones b. Forms a fusiform mass ensheathing the bone
c. Consists of large giant cells in a very vascular c. Often invades the epiphyseal cartilage and
stroma of spindle cells neighbouring joint
d. Presents as a painless globular swelling with well- d. Produces characteristic new bone formation in the
defined edge X-ray
e. Produces diagnostic radiological signs e. Disseminates rapidly by the blood stream
148) The radiological signs of osteoclastoma include the 152) Which one of the following statements is untrue
following except: concerning chondro-sarcoma:
a. Abrupt expansion of the bone a. Occurs most often between the ages 20 and 60 yrs
b. Characteristic soap-bubble appearance b. Is always a primary malignant tumor of bone
c. Presence of an operculum obliterating the medullary c. Most commonly affects scapula, pelvis, ribs &
cavity sternum
d. Absence of any new-bone formation d. Causes bone expansion and destruction with
e. Presence of areas of bone destruction irregular opacities in the X-ray
e. Is radioresistant
149) The treatment of osteoclastoma includes the
following measures except: 153) Ewing's sarcoma is characterized by the following
a. Curettage of tumor tissue & packing cavity with bone except that it:
chips a. Is a common tumor of children
b. Excision with safety margin of bone b. Always arises in the metaphysis of a long bone
c. Amputation c. Presents as a fusiform swelling with inflammatory
d. Radiotherapy changes in the overlying soft tissues
e. Chemotherapy d. May be associated with leucocytosis
e. Produces characteristic radiological signs
150) The following statements about multiple myeloma are
true except that it:: 154) The most important DD of Ewing's tumor is:
a. Is a primary malignant tumor of bone marrow a. Chondrosarcoma
b. Occurs between the ages of 40 and 60 years b. Osteogenic sarcoma
c. Usually presents with bone pain especially in the back c. Acute osteomyelitis
d. Is rarely associated with fever and anemia d. Malignant metastasis
e. May cause paraplegia with girdle pains e. Reticulum cell sarcoma

16

155) The most common osteolytic metastases in bones 159) The differential diagnosis of osteoid osteoma
are derived from the: includes all the following except:
a. Lung a. Brodies' abscess
b. Breast b. Ossifying fibroma
c. Stomach c. Ewing's tumor
d. Kidney d. Metastatic thyroid nodule
e. Prostate e. Bone sarcoma
156) The most pain-sensitive structure in a joint is the:
a. Bone end 160) Ivory osteomata occur most often in the:
b. Articular cartilage a. Skull
c. Joint capsule b. Spine
d. Synovial membrane c. Humerus
e. Skin and subcutaneous tissues d. Femur
e. Tibia
157) Ostaomalacia is characterized by the following
features except: 161) Sensory end organs are absent from the:
a. Deficient protein metabolism a. Muscle
b. Demineralization of the bones b. Periostium
c. Slow epiphyseal closure c. Synovial membrane
d. Skeletal deformities d. Articular cartilage
e. X-ray Looser 's zones e. Joint capsule

158) The following statements about solitary bone cyst are 162) The viscosity of synovial fluid is mainly due to:
true except that it: a. Chondroitin sulphate
a. Occurs most often in children and adolescents b. Hyaluronidase
b. Is commonest in the humerus , femur and tibia c. Albumin and laucin
c. Arises in the diaphysis of the bone d. Alpha and beta globulins
d. Assumes an avoid shape and may cause bone e. Beta lipoproteins
expansion 163) Septic arthritis of infancy usually affects which of the
e. May remain innoticed until complicated by following joints:
pathological fracture a. Shoulder
b. Elbow
c. Wrist
d. Hip
e. Knee

17

164) The treatment of acute septic synovitis includes the 168) Bloody or coffee-ground fluid obtained by aspiration
following except: of the knee joint is suggestive of:
a. Massive antibiotics a. Septic arthritis
b. Splintage in the position of function b. Hemophilic joint
c. Aspiration and antibiotic injection c. Synovial chondromatosis
d. Arthrotony and drainage d. Pigmented villonodular synovitis
e. Excision and Winnett Orr-treatment e. Charcot's joint
165) Rheumatoid arthritis primarily involves the: 169) Correct statements regarding the carpal tunnel
a. Articular cartilage syndrome include the following except that it:
b. Subchondral bone a. Is always due to compression of the median nerve in
c. Synovial membrane the carpal tunnel
d. Capsule b. May follow a wrist fracture
e. Ligaments c. May occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
d. Frequently first appears during pregnancy
166) Complications of rheumatoid arthritis in the hands e. Is often associated with vascular disorders
include:
a. Tenosynovitis 170) A 60-year-old male with 3 months history of severe
b. Rupture of extensor tendons back-ache anemia and loss of weight, developed severe
c. Carpal tunnel syndrome girdle pains with weakness of the lower limbs.
d. Ulnar deviation at the metacarpophalangeal joints Examination revealed low grade fever with marked
e. Bony ankylosis of affected joints tenderness over the spine, ribs, sternum, skull and
pelvic bones. X-ray examination of the skeleton
167) A 20-year-old male presented because of increasing revealed multiple punched out defects without any new
pain in his left lower thigh. Examination revealed tender bone formation. The most probable diagnosis is:
fusiform thickening of the lower end of the femur with a a. Bone metastases from an occult primary
small effusion into the knee joint. The overlying skin b. Multiple myeloma
was warm and the seat of dilated veins but movements c. Osteitis fibrosa cystica
of the knee were free and painless. X-ray examination d. Hand Schuller-Christian's disease
revealed: e. Paget's disease
a. Acute osteomyelitis of the lower end of the femur
b. Brodie's abscess
c. Bone sarcoma
d. Parosteal fibrosarcoma
e. Ewing's tumor

18

171) 12-year-old boy developed bilateral painless effusion 174) The X-ray findings in tuberculosis of the hip include
of both knees together with blurring of vision and the following except :
impairment of hearing. He should be suspected to be a. Diffuse decalcification of the bones.
suffering1 from: b. Blurring of the joint outline.
a. Traumatic synovitis. c. Diminution of the joint space.
b. Tuberculous arthritis. d. Wandering acetabulum.
c. Inherited syphylis. e. Downward tilting of the pelvis.
d. Rheumatic arthritis.
e. Rheumatoid arthritis. 175) In children, the treatment of tuberculosis of the hip
includes the following except :
172) A 40-year-old male presented with a grossly swollen a. Tuberculostatic drugs.
painless left knee. Examination revealed a flail joint with b. Weight traction to correct deformity.
irregularly thickened bone ends, palpably swollen c. Fixation of the joint in the position of function.
synovial membrane and marked grating and creaking d. Aspiration of cold abscess.
on passive movement of the joint. The first diagnostic e. Extra-articular arthrodesis.
step is:
a. Examination of the nervous system. 176) In Sprengel's shoulder, the following statements are
b. Serological tests. correct except that :
c. X-ray examination of the joint. a. There is congenital elevation & maldevelopment of
d. Examination of aspirated synovial fluid. scapula.
e. Arthroscopy and synovial biopsy. b. An ugly prominence in the neck is produced by the
superior angle.
173) A 9-year-old boy developed an intermittent limp c. A band of fibrocartilage or bone anchors the medial
which soon became constant and associated with pain border of the scapula to the spine.
in the Rt hip & knee. Examination revealed a flexion d. There is no limitation of shoulder movements.
deformity of the Rt hip with limitation of flexion and e. No ttt is required apart from excision of the supermedial
extension movements, wasting of the thigh muscles angle of scapula to improve the appearance.
and upward tilting of the pelvis. The most probable
diagnosis is : 177) The following statements about cubitus valgus
a. Congenital dislocation of the hip. deformity are correct except that :
b. Legg-Perthes' disease. a. It may be due to malunited supracondylar fr of the
c. Septic arthritis of infancy. humerus or non united fr of the lateral condyle
d. Tuberculous arthritis. b. The deformity is most obvious when elbow is fully flexed
e. Slipped upper femoral epiphysis. c. It predisposes to delayed ulnar neuritis
d. Treatment of supracondylar osteotomy is necessary
only when the deformity is severe
19

178) A 25 years old male complained of limitation of 181) The most effective ttt of sever Dupuytren's
wrist movements, especially dorsiflexion, and contracture is:
weakness of the hand, especially the grip. a. Repeated stretching and night splintage.
Examination revealed radial deviation of the hand b. Local injections of fibrinolysin or hydrocortisone.
with abnormal prominence of the ulna. He gave a c. X-ray therapy.
history of a fall on the outstretched hand in children. d. Subcutaneous fasciotomy.
The correct diagnosis is : e. Radical excision of the palmar fascia.
a. Rheumatoid arthritis of the wrist joint.
b. Non-united fracture of the scaphoid. 182) The most diagnostic sign of congenital hip dysplasia
c. Malunited Colles' fracture. in the newly borne is :
d. Madelung's deformity. a. Widening of the perineum.
e. Persistent dislocation of the lunate. b. Asymmetry of the buttocks.
c. Ortalani's sign.
179) The most characteristic feature of Volkmann's d. Limitation of hip abduction with hip and knees flexed
contracture is : to 90°.
a. Wasting of the forearm. e. Apparent shortening of the thigh with the hips and
b. Flexion deformity of the wrist. knees flexed to 90°.
c. Extension of the metacarprophalangeal joints with
flexion of the interphalangeal joints. 183) The earliest radiological sign in congenital hip
d. Vokamann's phenomenon. dislocation in infants is :
e. Weakness of the hand and fingers. a. The small shallow acetabulum.
b. The hypoplastic femoral head.
180) The following statements about Dupuytren's c. The shortened anteverted femoral neck.
contracture are true except that : d. Distortion of Shenton's line.
a. It is due to contraction of the palmar fascia which e. Displacement of the femoral head from the
starts as an indurated nodule on the ulnar border of acetabulum.
the hand.
b. The ring and little fingers are severely affected. 184) In congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH), the
c. The deformity consists of flexion of the pathological changes include the following except :
metacarprophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal a. Small shallow acetabulum.
joints with extension of the terminal joint. b. Snail flattened femoral head lying outside the
d. The skin overlying the indurated fascia is often acetabulum.
puckered and immobile. c. Elongated femoral neck.
e. The joint capsules and flexor tendons are not d. Thickened adherent joint capsule with an hour-glass
affected. constriction.
e. Shortened hamstrings and adductors.

20

185) Trenderburg' s sign can be elicited in all of the 189) A 4-year-old rachitic child developed severe genu
following except : varum. The best line of treatment is by :
a. Congenital dislocation of the hip. a. Antirachitic treatment.
b. Infantile paralysis of the gluteal muscles. b. Repeated moulding.
c. Coxa vara. c. Corrective splints.
d. Tuberculous arthritis of the hip joint. d. Osteoclasis of the tibia.
e. Non-united fracture of the femoral neck. e. Tibial osteotomy.
186) A 10-year-old male with neglected congenital 190) A 13-year-old boy presented for consultation
dislocation of the hip presented because of increasing because his knees tend to knock together and he tends
pain in the back with limping and fatigue. The to fall during running. Examination revealed separation
appropriate management should be : of the medial malleoli by 3 inches when standing with
a. Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. the knees in contact with each other and the feet
b. Raising the heel of the right shoe. directed forwards. The correct diagnosis is :
c. Open reduction with deepening the acetabulum by a a. Coxa vara.
shelf procedure. b. Genu valgum.
d. Colonna's arthroplasty. c. Genu varum.
e. Lorenz's bifurcation osteotomy. d. Talipes calcaneovalgus.
e. Bilateral flat foot.
187) The clinical features of coxa vara include the
following except : 191) The most common congenital deformity of the
a. Shortening, addution and eversion of the limb. hindfoot is talipes :
b. Raising of the greater trochanter above Nelaton's a. Calcaneus.
line. b. Equinus.
c. Limitation of all movements of the hip. c. Eguinovarus.
d. Positive Trendelenburg's sign. d. Varus.
e. Limping and difficulty in kneeling, riding and e. Valgus.
separating the legs.
192) Paralytic talipes is differentiated from, congenital
188) Treatment of genu valgum includes the following talipes by the following features except that :
except: a. The deformity appears later after birth.
a. Physiotherapy. b. The limb is atrophied, cyanosed and cold.
b. Wedged shoes. c. The muscles are wasted and flabby.
c. Night splints. d. Usually both sides are affected.
d. Osteoclasis of the tibia. e. The deformity can be corrected easily by
e. McEwen's osteotomy of the femur. manipulation.

21

193) An 8-year-old child with neglected congenital
equinovarus is best treated by : 197) A 25-year-old male suffered from painful swelling of
a. Repeated manipulation under anaesthesia. the feet and ankles over the last 6 weeks. On
b. Denis-Browne splint. examination, the arches were preserved but the skin
c. Plantar fasciotomy and elongation of the tendo was congested and localized tenderness could be
Achilles. elicited over the navicular bone and the spring, deltoid
d. Wedge tarsectomy. and plantar ligaments. The correct diagnosis is :
e. Dunn's triple arthrodesis. a. Sprain of the ankle joint.
b. Plantar fasciitis.
194) The commonest form of acquired talipes is the : c. Incipient flat foot.
a. Paralytic. d. Spasmodic flat foot.
b. Spastic. e. Talonavicular arthritis.
c. Traumatic.
d. Cicatricial. 198) An adolescent male complained of severe pain in the
e. Compensatory. foot and leg after prolonged standing. Examination
revealed that the foot is flat and fixed in extreme
195) The best treatment for pes cavus causing severe eversion by spastic contraction of the peroneal
local pressure on the metatarsal-heads is by : muscles and long extensors of the toes. The most likely
a. Toe exercises. diagnosis is :
b. Electric stimulation of the intrinsic muscles. a. Incipient flat foot.
c. Steindler's operation. b. Spasmodic flat foot.
d. Lambrinudi's operation. c. Tuberculosis of the ankle joint.
e. Dunn's triple arthrodesis. d. Sprain of the ankle.
e. Retrocalcanean bursitis.
196) The commonest variety of flat foot is the :
a. Congenital. 199) Which of the following is associated with
b. Spasmodic. neurofibromatosis ?
c. Paralytic. a. Talipes equinovarus.
d. Statis. b. Metatarsus varus.
e. Traumatic. c. Pseudarthrosis of the tibia.
d. Genu recurvatum.
e. Congenital hip dysplasia.

22

200) Regarding hallux valgus, the following statements 203) The ideal amputation should fulfill the following
are true except that it: requirements except that it should:
a. Consists of outward deviation of the great toe at the a. Be as long as possible.
metatarso-phalangeal joint. b. Have a smoothly rounded cone-shaped end.
b. Is usually due to badly fitting shoes. c. Not include muscle over the bone end.
c. Is not progressive. d. Have a linear freely movable scar not exposed to
d. Causes hammer-toe deformity in the other toes. pressure.
e. Predisposes to several painful complications. e. Be painless with a freely movable joint above and a
smooth bone end elbow.
201) The causes of hammer-toe include the following
except: 204) Syme's amputation is better than a below-knee
a. Overcrowding of the toes by ill-fitting shoes. amputation except that it:
b. Hallux valgus. a. Is less "catastrophic" to the patient.
c. Pes cavus. b. Allows the patient to walk around in his room without
d. Talipes equinus. prosthesis.
e. Rupture of the extensor expansion. c. Maintains, the pleasure of "earth feeding".
d. Requires a cheap stump boot.
202) The following statements about provisional e. Is not attended with serious complications.
amputation for infective gangrene are true except that
it: 205) Reimplantation of a traumatically amputated limb
a. May be urgently needed to control infection and requires all of the following except:
toxemia. a. Limb preservation.
b. Should be made through the healthy limb above the b. Shortening of bone.
infected area. c. Immediate arterial and venous repair.
c. Should be done as low as possible to allow d. Routine angiograms.
reamputation at the optimum level. e. Delayed repair of nerves.
d. Should provide free drainage.
e. May be carried out by the guillotine or flap method
without closure.

23

True & False
5. Fractures of the clavicle
a. Are usually of the greenstick variety in children under
the age
b. are usually the result of direct violence
1. A fracture is said to be c. are frequently associated with injury to the subclavian
a. closed if an overlying skin laceration has been sutured vessels
b. simple when there is a single fracture line d. can be recognized by the abnormal elevation of the
c. comminuted if there has been associated damage to fragment
adjacent nerves or vessels e. are usually treated by internal fixation
d. a fatigue fracture if it occurs through a diseased bone
e. pathological if it occurs through a bony metastasis 6. Fractures of the neck of the scapula
a. are often due to a fall on the outstretched hand
2. In a healing fracture b. are frequently associated with chest wall injury
a. the hematoma is initially invaded by osteoblasts c. are often associated with dislocation of the
b. the tissue formed by the invading osteoblasts is termed acromioclavicular
osteoid d. can usually be managed without surgical intervention
c. osteoid tissue is formed in an acid pH e. are often associated with fracture of the corocoid
d. calcium salts are laid down in the osteoid tissue process
e. the final stage of repair is the remodeling of the callus
7. Recurrent dislocation of the shoulder
3. Non-union is often seen in a. is usually in the posterior position
a. fractures of the fourth metatarsal b. is usually in young adults
b. fractures of the neck of the femur c. is more common after associated damage to the
c. fractures of the condyle of the mandible glenoid labrum
d. Colles’ fractures d. usually requires surgical repair
e. scaphoid fractures e. is surgically managed by tightening the soft tissues
4. Dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint over the inferior aspect of the joint
a. is usually caused by a fall on the outstretched hand 8. In fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus the
b. displaces the clavicle upwards and medially a. lesion is usually due to indirect violence
c. is usually treated by internal fixation b. fracture line usually passes between the greater and
d. very rarely causes any compression of the trachea or lesser tuberosities
vessels in the neck c. fragments are usually impacted
e. is usually accompanied by fracture of the first rib d. proximal fragment Is usually internally rotated
e. distal fragment is usually adducted

24

9. In a fracture of the distal 1/3 of the shaft of the humerus 13. In a Colles' fracture the distal radial fragment
a. the distal fragment is usually posteriorly angulated by a. is dorsally angulated on the proximal radius
the action of biceps b. is usually torn from the intra-articular triangular disc
b. the radial nerve is frequently damaged c. is deviated to the ulnar side
c. delayed radial nerve palsy is usually due to edema d. is usually impacted
d. late onset of radial nerve palsy is usually due to the e. commonly damages the median nerve
involvement of the nerve with callus
e. ulnar nerve palsy is usually of late onset 14. Fractures of the radial styloid
a. extend into the wrist joint
10. A supracondylar fracture of the humerus b. typically have an anterior dislocation of the bony
a. is a fracture commonly seen in young adults fragment
b. is particularly subject to the complication of ischemic c. are commonly associated with fractures of the triquetral
muscle contracture bone
c. is held in the position of reduction by the tendon of d. are commonly associated with fractures of scaphoid
brachioradialis e. are commonly associated with dislocation of the wrist joint
d. when properly reduced has the index finger pointing
approximately to the tip of shoulder of the same side 15. A transverse fracture of the scaphoid is
e. is commonly accompanied by ulnar nerve palsy a. the commonest carpal injury
b. prone to infection
11. Fractures of the head of the radius c. usually seen in young men
a. do not occur in isolation d. prone to avascular necrosis
b. are usually associated with dislocation of the radius e. usually seen on an early scaphoid radiograph
c. may be associated with dislocation of the elbow joint
d. may require surgical excision of the head 16. In pelvic fractures
e. are usually accompanied by damage to the median nerve a. avulsion injuries are usually treated by early mobilization
b. undisplaced lesions of the ischial or pubic rami are
12. In a Monteggia fracture dislocation usually treated by early mobilization
a. the dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint brings the c. extraperitoneal urinary extravasation may be due to
ulnar styloid process anterior to the capitulum damage either to the membranous urethra or to the
b. the radial fracture is usually at the junction of the base of the bladder
middle and distal thirds d. extraperitoneal urinary extravasation may be due to
c. internal fixation is usually required in the adult damage of the base of the bladder
d. the causative injury is often a blow on the extensor e. which are unstable, one half of the pelvis is displaced
surface of the forearm with the elbow flexed proximally by the flank muscles
e. the commonest neurological injury is to the posterior f. Reduction may need 40 to 50 Ib (18 to 23 kg) of
branch of the radial nerve traction

25

17. Intracapsular fractures of the upper end of the femur are 21. In fractures of the middle third of the tibia and fibula
usually a. delayed union is common
a. after major trauma in the young b. indirect violence usually results in a spiral or oblique
b. accompanied by shortening of the leg fracture line
c. accompanied by external rotation of the leg c. shortening and anterior angulation of the tibia are
d. accompanied by adduction of the leg common
e. treated by internal fixation d. comminuted fractures are usually treated by early
plating of the tibia
18. Extracapsular fractures of the upper end of the femur are e. the tibial nerve is frequently damaged
a. usually subtrochanteric in position
b. usually subject to avascular necrosis of the head of the 22. In injuries of the ankle joint
femur a. eversion injuries are the most commonly encountered
c. usually accompanied by internal rotation of the leg b. inversion injuries are usually accompanied by a tear of
d. usually treated by internal fixation the deltoid ligament
e. rarely comminuted c. there is frequently associated posterior tibial nerve
damage
19. In fractures of the mid-shaft of the femur the d. the posterior tibial artery is frequently damaged
a. proximal fragment is usually flexed e. the joint is rendered unstable by rupture of the inferior
b. proximal fragments is usually abducted tibiofibular ligament
c. distal fragment is usually adducted
d. common femoral vessels are usually damaged 23. In rheumatoid arthritis the
e. femoral nerve is often damaged a. principal lesion is an area of fibrinoid necrosis
surrounded by fibroblasts
20. In fractures of the patella b. synovial membrane characteristically undergoes
a. comminution is usual when the fracture has been marked hypertrophy
caused by indirect violence c. fibrosis in the joint capsule and ligaments produces the
b. a transverse fracture without displacement is usually main deforming forces in the early stages of the
treated by a plaster cylinder with no direct surgical disease
intervention d. permanent deformity in the late stage of the disease is
c. aspiration of the Knee joint should be avoided usually due to bone ankylosis
d. a comminuted fracture is best treated by patella e. radiological signs occur at a late stage in the disease
excision and replacement by a prosthesis
e. weight bearing should be avoided for the first week

26

24. Rheumatoid arthritis 28. In tuberculosis of the bone
a. is characteristically symmetrical in its involvement of a. the local reaction is characterized by extensive new
the more proximal joints bone formation
b. has an equivalent disease in childhood which is also b. metaphysis of long bones is the commonest site of
associated with pericarditis involvement
c. carries a worse prognosis if serological tests (such as c. the infection is usually secondary to a primary focus
the Rose-Waaler and Latex tests) are positive elsewhere in the body
d. is characterized by the pes anserinus deformity d. extension of the bone abscess into a joint is common
e. is characterized by increased activity within an e. the presentation is typically severe pain over the end of
inflamed join a long bone
25. In rheumatoid arthritis 29. In osteoarthntis of the hip joint
a. ♀ are affected 7 times more commonly than ♂ a. the articular cartilage undergoes initia1 hypertrophy
b. the onset of the disease is usually in the fourth decade and then becomes hardened and eburnated
c. the disease is rapidly progressive in 25 per cent of b. the joint capsule becomes stretched and lax
patients c. the leg is usually adducted and externally rotated when
d. approximately 50 % of patients nave a remission in the the patient lies supine
1st yr d. a femoral osteotomy usually helps halt the progress of
e. the symptoms are least apparent in the morning the disease process
e. associated changes in the ankle joint are rare
26. Rheumatoid arthritis often has an associated
a. Sacroileitis 30. Osteoarthitis
b. Photosensitivity a. is the commonest arthropathy
c. anicteric hepatitis b. is characterized by marginal osteophyte formation
d. conjunctivitis c. commonly presents with back pain
e. Heberden's nodes d. symptoms are least apparent in the morning
e. commonly produces swelling of the distal
27. Acute osteomyelitis in childhood interphalangeal joints
a. is usually the result of compound bony injuries
b. is characterized by a constant bone pain 31. In Paget's disease of the bone
c. characteristically produces necrosis of the periosteum a. the serum alkaline phosphatase is considerably raised
overlying the infected bone b. spiral fractures of the femur are common
d. is not usually demonstrable radiologically for the first 2 c. deafness is a characteristic of later stages of the diseases
weeks of the disease d. the fibula is typically affected
e. may be demonstrated by scintigraphy within 2 to 3 e. osteogenic sarcoma develops twice as commonly as
days of onset unaffected people

27

32. Dyschondroplasia is characterized by 36. Slipped femoral epiphyses
a. a large skull with a short base and a snub nose a. occur between the ages of 5 and 10 years
b. short stubby fingers (the trident hand) b. typically are seen in overweight children
c. being inherited as a Mendalian dominant c. are bilateral in 20 per cent of patients
d. multiple endochondromas of the fingers and toes d. are displaced downwards and posteriorly in relation
e. congenital dislocation of the hip to the neck of the femur
e. are usually associated with dislocation of the
33. Diaphysial aclasis is characterized by femoral head
a. a defect in cartilaginous ossification
b. multiple fractures and subsequent deformity 37. Injury to the medial meniscus of the knee joint is
c. blue sclera a. often associated with a tear of the quadriceps
d. being familial in origin femoris
e. an increased incidence of sarcomatous bone b. less common than that of the lateral meniscus
disease c. often present in cases of locking of the knee
d. characterized by a positive draw sign
34. Dupuytren’s contracture of the palm e. commonly associated with local tenderness
a. is transmitted as a Mendalian dominant
b. is predominantly seen in men 38. Hallux valgus is commonly associated with
c. has an association with glomerulonephritis a. a raised medial longitudinal arch
d. which is long-standing, is often associated with 2ry b. clawing of toes
fibrosis of the interphalangeal joints c. a perforating ulcer beneath the head of the first
e. extends proximally along the lateral aspect of the metatarsal
hand d. reduction of vibration sensation over the tip of the
great toe
35. In a case of congenital dislocation of the hip e. a dry vasodilated foot
a. the defect cannot be detected until the third week of
life 39. Idiopathic scoliosis
b. there is a defect of the posterior rim of the a. is the most common type of scoliosis
acetabulum b. usually appears between the ages of 10 and 12
c. on bilateral hip abduction with the knees flexed there years
is often limited abduction on the diseased side c. is more common in boys
d. reduction is sometimes hindered by a tight gluteus d. is sometimes familia1
minimus muscle e. is usually painless
e. splinting of the limbs following reduction should be
maintained until the femoral epiphysis returns to its
normal density on radiographic examination

28

40. In benign tumors of cartilage 44. Examples of traction injuries include
a. chondromata and osteochondrornata occur equally in a. fracture of the medial tibial tubercle
the two sexes b. fracture of the medial epicondyle of the humerus
b. malignant changes occur in 10 % of cases of multiple c. fracture of the medial malleolus of the tibia
osteochondromata d. mallet finger
c. chondromata usually occur in epiphyses of long bones e. stellate fracture of the patella
d. osteochondromata usually occur in the epiphyses of
long bones 45. In the stages of healing of a fracture of tubular bone,
e. chondromata frequently present with pathological fr according to the haematoma theory
a. the hematoma is invaded by granulation tissue
41. Chordomata b. acanthosis occurs
a. of the base of the skull (spheric-occipital1 develop in c. macrophages remove the hematoma
the remnants of Rathke's pouch d. the repair includes the formation of fibrocartilagenous
b. of the sacrococcygeal region develop in the remnants tissue
of the neural canal e. callus is distributed throughout the area occupied by
c. are characterized radiologically by central rarefaction of the fracture hematoma
the bone and cortical thinning and expansion
d. are commoner in females than in males 46. In the stages of healing of a fracture of tubular bone,
e. usually present soon after puberty according to the periosteal (proliferative) theory
a. osteogenic cells are stimulated to proliferate within
42. An osteoid osteoma hours of the fracture occurring
a. usually presents in the adult b. callus collars are formed around each fragment
b. is most frequently seen in the bones of the upper limb c. the callus collars grow toward each other
c. commonly presents with local pain d. squamous metaplasia occurs
d. demonstrates a small circular band of bony sclerosis e. osteogenic cells become osteoblasts
surrounding a translucent area on radiographs
e. is a blood-filled cavity lined with a soft membrane 47. Fracture callus characteristically
a. exhibits bony trabeculae cemented to the shaft
43. Chondrosarcomata b. exhibits an outer layer of chondrocytes
a. which develop in the metaphysic are usually less well c. includes a V-shaped cartilagenous formation
differentiated than those occurring around the d. is cemented to the original cortex
epiphysis e. becomes Haversian bone
b. quite commonly invade the neighbouring blood vessels
c. commonly metastasize to lymph nodes
d. characteristically present as a pathological fracture
e. are the commonest malignant tumor of bone

29

48. A compound fracture 52. Practical schemes for management of fractures include
a. is present if a laceration of mucous membrane a. treating the patient specifically according to the
connects with the fracture hematoma radiographic appearance
b. inevitably is present if a laceration of the skin overlies a b. reduction by gravity
spiral fracture of the humerus c. clinical manipulation
c. can be present if skin death from ischemia overlies a d. open operation
fractured tibia e. the use of external fixators
d. is not a cause of septicemia
e. if compound from without carries a poorer prognosis 53. The causes of non-union of a fracture include
than a compound fracture from within a. very slight bending movements during healing phase
b. infection of the fracture hematoma
49. Fracture lines can be described as being c. anoxia
a. Comminuted d. uremia
b. Butterfly e. Paget's disease (osteitis deformans)
c. Spiral
d. Compression 54. As an alternative to plaster of Paris a tubular bone
e. Twisted fracture can be stabilized by
a. external skeletal fixators
50. The name given to the displacement in a fracture of a b. compression plating
long bone include c. osteoclasis
a. Angulation d. skin traction
b. Shift e. intra-medullary nailing
c. Twist
d. Distraction 55. Operative stabilization of a tubular bone fr is of value for
e. Subluxation a. replacing small fragments adjacent to joints
b. fractures of the patella
51. At the stage of clinical union of a fracture of tubular bone c. patients with a head injury
a. the bone bridging the fracture has normal radiological d. repair of a main artery to a limb
appearance e. those occurring in infants
b. unprotected stress can lead to re-fracture
c. local palpation produces little or no tenderness 56. Characteristic features of acute compartment syndrome
d. consolidation has occurred in the lower leg include
e. the swelling at the fracture site has disappeared a. gross swelling
b. normal pulses
c. normal sensation distally
d. acute pain on employing the stretch test
e. venous occlusion
30

57. Early complications of lower limb fractures include 62. With a midshaft fracture of the clavicle
a. Blisters a. the coraco-acromial ligament is ruptured
b. gas gangrene b. significant displacement of the bone ends is common
c. fat embolism c. the fracture should be reduced
d. ostcoarthritis d. malunion is uncommon
e. Friedrich's ataxia e. non-union is possible
58. Recognized late complications of fractures include 63. If a patient presents with an acromioclavicular
a. Dupuytrens's contracture dislocation
b. hypertrophic non-union a. the coraco-clavicular ligament has also ruptured
c. Sudeck's atrophy b. the clavicle is held in place by the clavipectoral fascia
d. myositis ossificans c. reduction is best maintained by a temporary screw
e. osteitis fibrosa cystica through the clavicle to engage in the coracoid process
d. it is acceptable merely to rest the arm in a sling and to
59. Fractures occurring in children differ from those in
mobilize the shoulder when the pain has settled
adults in the following respects: In children
e. the late sequel of osteoarthrosis can be treated by
a. the fractures unite more slowly
excision of the outer end of the clavicle
b. malunion can be partly corrected by growth
c. joint stiffness is common after immobilization 64. With fractures of the proximal humerus
d. immobilization by splinting is the method of choice in ttt a. injury is through the anatomical neck characteristically
e. involvement of the epiphyseal plate is uncommon as following a fall on the outstretched hand
the plate is stronger than the bone b. fracture of the surgical neck is common in the elderly
60. Recognized features of fractures involving the growth c. fracture of the anatomical neck may be combined with
plate and epiphysis in children include anterior dislocation of the shoulder
a. greenstick fractures d. fracture of surgical neck is treated by excision of the
b. end-on crushes head of the humerus and replacement by a prosthesis
c. intra-articular fractures e. fracture of the anatomical neck with dislocation of the
d. butterfly fractures shoulder is best treated by rest in a sling with active
e. a fracture line that runs through part of the growth plate mobilization once pain has subsided
lying between calcified and uncalcified cartilage 65. Complications of fracture of proximal humerus include
61. With injury and fracture of articular cartilage a. paralysis of the deltoid muscle
a. true healing does not occur b. numbness of skin over a small area of the deltoid
b. the defect is filled with fibrocartilage c. avascular necrosis of the head of the humerus
c. muscle wasting surrounding the joint is unusual d. non-union
d. locking can occur e. tardy ulnar palsy
e. blood within the joint will not clot
31

70. In dislocation of the patella
66. In fracture of the shaft of the humerus a. the patella dislocates to the medial side of the knee
a. a butterfly fragment may be present b. the knee becomes locked
b. the fracture should be reduced under an anesthetic c. the condition is predisposed to by an unusually high
c. the arm should be held by plaster abducted to 60° on a lateral femoral condyle
traction frame secured to the body d. the condition is liable to recur spontaneously
d. radial palsy is a complication e. patellectomy is the most suitable treatment
e. pseudarthrosis is common
71. Features recognized to be associated with the diagnosis
67. Regarding fracture of medial epicondyle of the humerus of ruptured anterior cruciate ligament include
a. it is an avulsion injury a. minor swelling
b. the fragment of bone may be rotated b. little pain
c. the fragment of bone fortunately does not enter the c. hemarthrosis
elbow joint d. dislocation of the patella
d. a rotated fragment requires operative re-attachment to e. excessive posterior glide
the epicondyle
e. active and passive movements of the elbow joint 72. Features in the knee recognized to be consistent with a
should begin as soon as possible torn medial meniscus include
a. Swelling
68. In posterior dislocation of the hip b. excessive forward glide
a. the leg is flexed c. locking
b. the leg is abducted d. McMurray's sign
c. the leg is externally rotated e. giving way
d. reduction is usually easy
e. 50 % of dislocations are followed by avascular necrosis 73. In fractures involving the ankle joint
of the femoral head if there is delay in reduction a. the stability of the tibio-fibular mortice determines the
outcome
69. The immediate management of condylar fractures of the b. if the mortice is disrupted it must be reconstructed
femur includes c. in a third-degree external rotation injury the talus is free
a. Kuntscher nailing to slide beneath, and possibly fracture, the posterior
b. Arthrodesis margin of the tibia
c. skeletal traction d. in an inversion (adduction) injury the media malieolus
d. a plaster of Paris cylinder may be sheared from the tibia
e. a Milwaukee brace e. diastasis of the inferior tibiofibular joint is caused by a
vertical compression injury

32

74. Transmetatarsal dislocation is 79. The clinical features that are associated with
a. associated with a march fracture of the metatarsals osteoarthritis of the hip include
b. synonymous with Lisfranc's dislocation a. pain on walking but not at night
c. associated with ischaemia of the toes b. muscle spasm
d. part of neuropathic arthropathy c. the joint held in the position of ease which is
e. treated by open reduction functionally useless
d. apparent shortening
75. The position of ease which joints take up in acute e. telescopic movement
suppurative arthritis includes, the
a. shoulder – abducted 80. Characteristic radiological appearances of OA include
b. elbow - extended and supinated a. widening of the joint space
c. hip - flexed, abducted and internally rotated b. new born formation
d. knee – straight c. subchondral sclerosis
e. ankle – dorsiflexed d. subluxation
e. Codman's triangle
76. The most suitable positions for ankylosis of a joint include
a. elbow if unilateral - 90° of extension semi-pronated 81. Pathological changes in Rh arthritis of the knee include
b. wrist - slightly dorsiflexed a. synovial infiltration with plasma cells
c. hip - 60° of flexion to allow sitting in a chair b. effusion
d. knee - 30° of flexion to allow sitting in a chair c. synovial pannus
e. ankle - at a right angle d. destruction of the cruciate ligaments
e. osteocsclerosis
77. Paget's disease of bone
a. can affect any bone in the body 82. Characteristic features of rheumatoid arthritis include
b. appears primarily as an osteosclerosis a. appearance in childhood
c. causes deafness b. affects men more than women
d. produces bone that is stronger than normal bone c. mild fever
e. affects cancellous and cortical bone d. persistently unremitting pain and stiffness
e. muscle wasting
78. Osteomalacia
a. is rickets in the adult skeleton 83. Surgery in relation to the pathology of osteoarthritis
b. is due to deficient absorption of vitamin A include
c. is associated with blind loop syndrome a. osteotomy
d. is consistent with a raised serum alkaline phosphatase b. arthrodesis
e. can be brought about by renal tubular acidosis c. synovectomy
d. replacement arthroplasty
e. sympathectomy

33

84. Operations favored for RhA include 89. In a neonate with club foot
a. osteotomy a. the foot can be dorsiflexed until the dorsum touches
b. replacement arthroplasty the chin
c. synovectomy b. arthrogryphosis can be present
d. neuroectomy c. x-ray is necessary for diagnosis
e. excision arthroplasty d. the mother can be taught manipulation therapy if the
deformity is slight
85. Ankylosing spondylitis e. a Denis Browne splint can be used
a. affects the small distal joints in the extremeties first
b. is more common in women than in men 90. Congenital torticollis
c. is associated with pulmonary fibrosis a. is a true congenital abnormality
d. characteristically displays tissue antigen hla-b27 b. involves infarcted muscles
e. is associated with aortic valve disease c. exhibits a swelling called a potato tumor
d. causes facial asymmetry
86. A positive Trendelenberg sign e. is treated by division of the accessory nerve
a. is present when the pelvis rises on the unsupported
side on walking 91. The types of scoliosis include the
b. occurs with paralysis of hip adductors a. Congenital
c. occurs with coax vara b. Paralytic
d. on both sides can make the gait appear normal c. Postural
e. on one side causes a lurching gait downwards towards d. Pulmonary
the unsupported side e. gastro-esophageal
87. Club foot is
92. Recognized current procedures in the management of
a. known as talipes
scoliosis include
b. congenital
a. repeated comparable AP x-rays of the spine
c. most commonly of the equino-valgus variety
b. the use of the Milwaukee brace
d. a consequence of placenta praevia
c. the use of plaster casts
e. characteristically associated with breech presentation
d. insertion of rods and hooks
88. Recognized features of club foot include e. insertion of Rush nails
a. erosion of the os clacis
93. There is a recognized association between
b. adduction of the bones of the forefoot
a. rickets and knock knee
c. a small os calcis
b. Blount's disease and bow leg
d. abnormal histology of the calf muscles
c. in-toeing and knock knee
e. scleroderma
d. slipped femora] epiphysis and bow leg
e. osteochondritis and knock knee

34

94. Factors predisposing to slipped femoral epiphysis include 99. Tennis elbow is
a. high normal loads a. also known as medial epicondylitis
b. rickets b. characteristically associated with tenderness of the
c. 'hypogonadal' children attachment of the extensor muscles of the forearm
d. an epiphyseal plate not disposed at right angles to the c. associated with the presence of bone chips
line of action of the resultant force applied to it d. treated by rest
e. previous poliomyelitis e. associated with olecranon bursitis
95. Features associated with chronic slipped epiphysis 100. Supraspinatus tendonitis is associated with
include a. rotator cuff injuries
a. knock knee b. tendon calcification
b. pain in the knee c. painful arc syndrome
c. in-toeing d. frozen shoulder
d. apparent shortening e. Pancoast syndrome
e. isolated limitation of external rotation and abduction
101. There is a recognized association between carpal tunnel
96. The management of acute slipped epiphysis in a young syndrome and
adult includes a. Dupuytren's contracture
a. Denis Browne splints b. RhA
b. a Milwaukee brace c. pregnancy
c. ostcoclasis d. compound palmar ganglion
d. internal fixation with three threaded pins e. Sudeck's atrophy
e. diet
102. The commonest general cause of bone fragility:
97. The management of Perthe's disease includes a. Senile osteoporosis.
a. no treatment b. Osteogenesis imperfecta.
b. broomstick plasters c. Hyperparathyroidism.
c. compression nail plating d. Rickets or osteomalacia.
d. femoral osteotomy e. Multiple myelomatosis.
e. innominate osteotomy
103. The commonest local cause of pathological fracture of
98. Traction injuries of the epiphyses include bones is:
a. Sever's disease a. Congenital bone cyst.
b. Osgood Schlatter's disease b. Chronic osteomyelitis.
c. Kienbock's disease c. Pressure atrophy by aortic aneurysm.
d. Scheuermann's disease d. Acute osteomyelitis.
e. Freiberg's disease e. Osteogenic osteosarcoma.

35

104. All benign tumors are liable to pathological fractures 109. Distraction displacement is very common in:
except: a. Fissure fracture of the green -stick type.
a. Cancellous osteoma. b. Transverse fracture of tibia.
b. Enchondroma. c. Stellate shape fracture of the patella.
c. Ecchondroma. d. Avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity.
d. Ivory osteoma. e. Fracture with bone loss (bullet injury).
e. Osteoclastoma.
110. The most important step in 1st aid measure of fracture is:
105. All primary and secondary bone tumors are liable to a. Control of hemorrhage.
pathological fracture except: b. Anti-gas gangrene and anti-tetanic serum.
a. Osteogenic osteosarcoma. c. Antibiotics.
b. Ewing sarcoma. d. Immobilization of the part affected.
c. Multiple myelomatosis. e. Relief of pain.
d. Secondaries from carcinoma of the prostate.
e. Secondaries from carcinoma of the breast. 111. Indications of open reduction and internal fixation:
a. Failure of closed reduction.
106. Spiral fractures are common on top of: b. Complicated fracture.
a. Direct trauma. c. Unstable fracture.
b. Indirect trauma, usually with rotation. d. Comminuted fracture.
c. Direct severe trauma. e. Intra-articular fracture.
d. Electro-convulsi ve therapy. f. Multiple bone fractures.
e. March fracture.
112. Common complications of plastering of fractures are:
107. The most pathognomic sign of fracture is: a. Ischemia of the limb distal to the plaster.
a. Tenderness at fracture site. b. Venous congestion and venous thrombosis.
b. Swelling at the fracture site. c. Delayed or malunion of fracture.
c. Deformity at the fracture site. d. Allergic dermatitis.
d. Crepitus except if the fracture is impacted. e. Orthostatic oedema of the limb:
e. Shortening of the affected bone. f. Peripheral neuritis.
108. Displacement of a fracture: 113. Skeletal traction and fixation is commonly used in:
a. Relation of the proximal fragment to the distal one. a. Fracture radius and or fracture ulna.
b. Relation of the distal fragment to the proximal one. b. Fracture of the patella.
c. It is done mainly by the surrounding muscles. c. Fracture of the tibia or fibula.
d. It is very valuable to be known before reduction. d. Fracture of the shaft of the femur.
e. It may anterior or posterior or medio-lateral or rotational e. Fracture of the clavicle.
displacement.

36

114. Intero-external fixation is indicated in: 119. All are causes of delayed union of fractures:
a. Simple transverse fracture. a. Improper immobilization.
b. Spiral or oblique fracture of the femur. b. Infection of bone haematoma.
c. Infected fractures. c. Anaemia.
d. Fractures complicated by vascular injury. d. Interposition by soft tissues.
e. Intra-articular fracture. e. Excessive traction of bone fragments.
115. Pre-operative measures for ttt of compound fr are: f. Poor blood supply of the fracture site.
a. Cover open fracture by sterile dressings. 120. Viscera liable to be injured by fracture lower ribs of the
b. Broad-spectrum antibiotics. left side are:
c. Sedation of the patient by morphia. a. Stomach.
d. Blood transfusion or intra-venous fluids. b. Spleen.
e. Anti~tetanic globulins. c. Sigmoid colon.
f. Urgent x-ray. d. Left kidney.
116. Important operative measures in treating compound e. Lung and left pleura.
fractures are all followings except:
a. Division of the deep fascia. 121. Sprain of a joint:
b. Excision of dead tissues and removal of foreign bodies. a. Over stretch or partial rupture of a ligament.
c. Ligation, suturing or grafting of damaged vessels. b. Usually follows indirect trauma.
d. Immediate repair of damaged nerve or tendon. c. Characterized by swelling, local tenderness of the joint
e. Intero-external fixation of compound fracture. affected.
d. Marked haemoarthrosis of the joint affected is present.
117. Internal fixation is only indicated in management of e. It is treated by crepe bandage and analgesics.
compound fracture if:
a. Presence of marked skin loss. 122. Traumatic synovitis is characterized by all except:
b. Presence of marked muscle laceration. a. Increase amount of synovial fluid inside joint.
c. Presence of nerve injury. b. It is caused by trauma. Sprains. Or torn cartilage.
d. Presence of vascular arterial injury. c. No spasm of the muscles surrounding the joint:
e. Presence of tendon injuries. d. U/S is very diagnostic.
e. Marked limitation of joint movement is characteristic.
118. The commonest general complication of fracture is:
a. Neurogenic shock.
b. Pulmonary embolism.
c. D.V.T.
d. Paralytic ileus.
e. Septic shock.
f. Acute renal failure on top of crush syndrome.

37

128. Ladder step deformity characteristic of fracture clavicle
123. The followings are all lines of treatment of traumatic is:
synovitis except: a. Medial fragment is displaced downward below lateral
a. immobilization and firm bandage. fragment.
b. aseptic aspiration of the fluid if excessive in amount. b. Lateral fragment is displaced foreword while medial is
c. arthroscopy with removal of loose bodies or torn cartilage. displaced backward.
d. arthrotomy with evacuation of the synovial fluid. c. Dislocation of sternoclavicular joint gives ladder step
e. arthroscopic repair of the injured ligaments. deformity.
124. Haemarthrosis: d. Dislocation of acromio-clavicular joint.
a. Bleeding inside the injured joint. e. Lateral fragment is displaced downward and foreword
b. Caused by severe trauma or twist of the joint. by weight of the upper limb while medial fragment is
c. Imrnediate swelling of the joint affected after trauma. displaced upward and backward by spasm of the
d. No limitation of movements of the joint affected. sternomastoid muscle.
e. NMR is very diagnostic. 129. Visceral complications complicating fracture medial third
125. The commonest cause of haemoarthrosis is: of the clavicle are:
a. Severe trauma or twist of a joint. a. Rupture of the liver.
b. Intra-articular fracture. b. Tracheal injury.
c. Hemophilia. c. Pleural injury in form of haemothorax and
d. Purpura. pneumothorax.
e. Bullet or stab injuries of joints. d. Oesophageal injury with mediastinitis.
e. Lung laceration.
126. The commonest site of fracture clavicle caused by
indirect trauma in form of fall on outstretched hand is: 130. Level (II) fracture shaft of humerus is characterized by
a. Junction of the medial third with lateral two thirds. the following deformity:
b. Junction of the lateral third with medial two thirds. a. Proximal fragment is abducted by the deltoid.
c. Middle of the clavicle. b. Distal fragment is adducted by teres major and
d. Anywhere. pectoralis major.
e. None of the above. c. Proximal fragment is adducted by teres major and
pectoralis major.
127. Internal fixation of fracture clavicle is achieved by: d. Distal fragment is abducted by deltoid muscle.
a. Intramedullary nail. e. It is almost impacted fracture.
b. Kirschner wire.
c. Bone graft.
d. Screws.
e. Plate and screws.

38

131. Nervous complication of levels II and III fractures shaft of 136. Steps of ttt of Volkmann's ischaemic contracture are:
humerus are: a. Reduction of unreduced supracondylar fracture.
a. Ulnar nerve injury. b. Removal of tight plaster.
b. Posterior interossoeus nerve injury. c. Intra-arterial injection of papaverine solution in the
c. Median nerve injury. spastic segment.
d. Axillary nerve injury. d. Thrombendartrectomy if a thrombus is present.
e. Radial nerve injury with drop wrist. e. Resection of the spastic segment with grafting.
132. Condylar fractures include all except: 137. Myositis ossificans complicating supracondylar fracture
a. Extension type supracondylar fracture. of the humerus:
b. Flexion type supracondylar fracture. a. Abnormal calcification of muscle haematoma.
c. Intercondylar fracture. b. It affects triceps and biceps muscles more.
d. Transcondylar fracture. c. Brachialis muscle is affected in over 90% of cases.
e. Fracture of olecranon process. d. X-ray is very diagnostic.
133. Flexion type dislocation of the elbow is treated by: e. Excision is the treatment of choice.
a. Above elbow plaster in flexion. 138. Frykmann classified Colles' fracture to:
b. Above elbow plaster in extension. a. 4 degrees.
c. Open reduction and internal fixation. b. 6 degrees.
d. Below elbow plaster. c. 3 degrees.
e. Shoulder spica. d. 8 degrees.
134. The most serious complication of supracondylar fracture e. 7 degrees.
of the humerus is:
139. The most diagnostic sign of Colles' fracture clinically is:
a. Median nerve injury.
a. Marked oedema on the dorsum of the hand.
b. Myositis ossificans of the brachialis muscle.
b. Characteristic dinner-fork deformity.
c. Cubitus valgus deformity.
c. Characteristic crepitus at the lower end of the radius.
d. Non union and delayed union.
d. Marked tenderness of wrist joint.
e. Volkmann's ischaemic contracture.
e. Styloid process of radius is higher than styloid process
135. The characteristic deformity of Volkmann's ischaemic of ulna or at the same level.
contracture is:
a. Cubitus varus deformity. 140. Colles' fracture is commonly associated with fracture of:
b. Cubitus valgus deformity. a. Styloid process of radius.
c. Drop hand and drop wrist. b. Head of radius.
d. Complete claw hand. c. Head of ulna.
e. Madelung's deformity. d. Styloid process of ulna.
e. Lower third of ulna.

39

141. Madelung's deformity: 145. Diathesis of inferior radio-ulnar joint:
a. Radial deviation of the hand complicating Colles' fracture a. Complicates Colles' fracture.
b. It is due non-union of the fracture site. b. There is a wide separation between the two bones.
c. It is very common complication of Colles' fracture in old c. The head of ulna becomes less prominent.
age. d. There is loss of supination while pronation is
d. It is due to arrest of growth of radius with overgrowth of preserved.
the ulna. e. Treated by above elbow plaster in extension.
e. It is treated by excision of head of ulna.
146. Smith's fracture:
142. The most serious complication of Colles' fracture is: a. Fracture lower inch of radius with forward displacement
a. Madelung deformity. of distal fragment.
b. Ischemia of the hand. b. It is caused by fall on the back of the hand with severe
c. Sudek's atrophy. flexion of the wrist.
d. Median nerve injury (carpal tunnel syndrome). c. Median nerve injury is more common than in Colles'
e. Pseudoarthrosis. fracture.
d. Clinically it simulates Colles' fracture.
143. Sudeck's atrophy: e. Very common fracture in children.
a. Osteoporosis of carpal bones complicating Colles'
fracture. 147. Dislocation of shoulder is more common than
b. It is due to spasm of the blood supply of carpal bones. dislocation hip due the following causes:
c. It presents clinically by painful stiffness of the wrist, and a. Wide range of movements of the shoulder.
vasomotor symptoms in form of swelling, pallor or b. Shallowness of the glenoid cavity.
cyanosis of the fingers. c. Laxity of the capsule of the shoulder joint.
d. Plain x-ray of the wrist shows characteristic spotty d. Lack of support by strong muscles.
osteoporosis. e. Trauma of the shoulder is more common.
e. It is treated by physiotherapy and vasodilators and
arthrodesis of the wrist in severe cases. 148. The followings are characteristic signs of anterior
dislocation of the shoulder joint:
144. Fraying (rupture) of flexor polilicis tendon: a. Flat shoulder.
a. Commonly complicates Colles' fracture. b. Lengthening of the upper limb.
b. It occurs immediately after the fracture. c. Hamilton ruler sign.
c. It occurs 4-8 weeks after fracture. d. Gallaway's sign.
d. It presents clinically with loss of extension of the e. Braynt's sign (down displacement of the anterior fold of
thumb. axilla
e. It is treated by tendon transfer from extensor
carpiradialis brevis.

40

149. Duga's sign in dislocation shoulder:
153. Posterior dislocation of the shoulder:
a. Increase of the circumference of the axilla on the
a. It is a rare type of dislocation shoulder (9%).
affected side.
b. It is caused by direct trauma to front of the shoulder.
b. Flat shoulder on the affected side.
c. Subacromial type is more common than subspinous
c. A ruler can be put straight between tip of acromion and
type.
lateral epicondyles of the humerus.
d. Lateral view x-ray is diagnostic.
d. Downward displacement of anterior fold of axilla.
e. It is treated by immobilization in shoulder spica for 3-4
e. Inability to touch the tip of the normal shoulder by
weeks.
fingers of the dislocated upper limb.
154. The most diagnostic clinical sign of posterior dislocation
150. Barton's fracture:
of the shoulder is:
a. Colles' fracture in children is called barton's fracture.
a. Marked tenderness at the shoulder joint.
b. Intra-articular fracture of the distal radius.
b. Palpable crepitus of associated fracture.
c. There is volar displacement of triangular fragment
c. Shortening of the upper limb on affected side.
along with the whole carpus.
d. Fixed medial rotation of the arm with flattening of the
d. Treatment by below elbow plaster.
shoulder joint.
e. Treated by open reduction and Ellis-T-plate.
e. Duga's sign.
151. The commonest complication of dislocation shoulder is:
155. Greater tuberosity fracture (simple or fissure) is treated
a. Ischemia of the upper limb.
by:
b. Axillary nerve injury.
a. Sling of the upper limb to the neck.
c. Injury of the radial nerve.
b. Wrapping of the upper limb to the trunk by adhesive
d. Rupture of the supraspinatus tendon.
plaster.
e. Recurrence of dislocation.
c. Above elbow plaster for 6-8 weeks.
152. Fractures commonly associated with dislocation d. Immediate open reduction and internal fixation by a
shoulder are: screw.
a. Greater tuberosity. e. Immobilization in shoulder spica with abduction 90
b. Lesser tuberosity. degrees and flexion of the elbow 90 degrees.
c. Surgical neck of the humerus.
156. Comminuted fracture of greater tuberosity is treated by:
d. Coracoid process of the scapula.
a. Above elbow plaster in extension for 6-8 weeks.
e. Fracture of the glenoid cavity.
b. Immobilization in shoulder spica for non-displaced
severe fracture.
c. Open reduction and internal fixation by screws.
d. Below elbow plaster for 6 weeks.
e. Sling of the upper limb to the neck.

41

157. Fracture lesser tuberosity: 161. Complications of anterior type of Motegia's fracture
a. It can occur alone on top of severe contraction of include the followings:
subscapularis muscle. a. Non-union.
b. Commonly associates dislocation of the shoulder. b. Persistent dislocation of the radius.
c. It is treated by shoulder spica for 6-8 weeks. c. Myositis ossificans around the radius.
d. It must be treated by open' reduction and internal d. Cross union between radius and ulna.
fixation by a screw. e. Median nerve injury (carpal tunnel syndrome).
e. It is a stable fracture, needs no treatment.
162. Flexion type Montegia's fracture:
158. Fracture lateral epicondyle of the humerus: a. Rare type of montegia's fracture ( 10%).
a. Rare fracture of children. b. Head of the radius is displaced backward.
b. It may with minimal or maximal displacement. c. Ulna is angulated posteriorly.
c. In maximally displaced fracture the articular surface of d. Head of radius must be excised in children but not in
the fractured segment looks medially. adults.
d. Minimally displaced fracture is treated by open e. Closed or open reduction can be used for treatment.
reduction and internal fixation. 163. Galeazi 's fracture:
e. Maximally displaced fracture is treated by closed a. Fracture lower third radius and dislocation of inferior
reduction & above elbow plaster in flexion for 4-6 wks. radio-ulnar joint.
159. Motegia's fracture: b. Fracture lower third of the ulna with diathesis of inferior
a. Fracture upper 1/3 of ulna & dislocation of head of radius radio-ulnar joint.
b. Fracture upper 1/3 of radius with dislocation of head of c. Anterior (extension) type is less common (40%).
ulna. d. In adults it is treated by open reduction and
c. Fracture lower 1/3 of radius with dislocation of ulna. compression plate of radius.
d. Fracture lower 1/3 of the ulna with head of radius. e. In children it is treated by closed reduction and
e. Fracture upper 1/3 of ulna with dislocation of head of immobilization in full plaster cast for 6 weeks.
ulna. 164. The best line of treatment of fractures radius and ulna at
160. Characters of Montegia's fracture: different levels is:
a. Anterior type is commoner than posterior type (90% a. Closed reduction and above elbow plaster for 6-8
and 10%). weeks.
b. In the anterior type the head is dislocated anteriorly b. Intramedullary nailing of both radius and ulna.
with anterior angulation of the ulna. c. Open reduction of the ulna and closed reduction of
c. Anterior (extension) type is unstable fracture. radius.
d. Anterior type is less liable to complications. d. Open reduction and internal fixation by plate and
e. It is better treated by open reduction and internal screws.
fixation. e. Below elbow plaster in extension.

42

165. The commonest complication of fracture both bones 169. Fracture neck of femur:
radius and ulna is: a. Common fracture in old age.
a. Ischemia of the forearm muscles. b. Trauma must be marked severe trauma.
b. Non-union of fractures. c. More common in females.
c. Medial nerve injury. d. Intracapsular fractures are more common than
d. Sudek's atrophy. extracapsular ones (80% and 20% respectively).
e. Cross union with loss of supination and pronation. e. May lead to neurogenic shock.
166. Fracture of the lunate bone: 170. Adduction type of transcervical fracture:
a. Commonly caused by fall on dorsi-flexed hand. a. It is a vertical type fracture (fracture angle is more than
b. It lies in the carpal tunnel compressing median nerve 45 degrees).
and flexor tendons. b. It is unstable fracture and displaced.
c. It is characterized clinically by swelling in front of the c. Less liable to healing and more liable to complications.
wrist and limitation of movements of the wrist joint. d. It is always impacted fracture.
d. Extension of the fingers is pathognomic of lunate fr e. Distal fragment is externally rotated by weight of lower
e. Recent cases are treated by closed reduction while limb.
neglected cases are treated by open reduction and or
excision of the lunate bone if necessary. 171. Hypovolemic shock is very common complication of the
following fractures of the lower limb:
167. Bennet's fracture dislocation: a. Fracture neck of the femur.
a. Common in boxers. b. Pott's fracture.
b. It is caused by direct trauma or fall on the radial side of c. Fracture tibia and fibula.
the hand. d. Fracture patella of the comminuted type with
c. It is oblique fracture of the first metacarpal bone. haemoarthrosis of knee joint.
d. It is usually unstable from displacement of flexor and e. Fracture of mid-shaft of the femur.
extensor tendons at the base of the thumb.
e. is ttt by wire finger splint incorporated in plaster cast. 172. Displaced fracture neck femur is treated by:
a. Closed reduction and external fixation by hip spica.
168. Fractures of metacarpal bones and phalanges:
b. Closed reduction and internal fixation by smith
a. Caused by blows or fall on hands.
patreson's nail and plate.
b. May be transverse or oblique fractures.
c. It can be treated by 2-3 pins in children.
c. Fragments of fracture phalanges are angulated forward
d. Recently it is treated by dynamic hip screw (DHS).
by tension of the lumbrical and interossei.
e. Excision of the head and its replacement by hip
d. Minimal displacements are present.
prosthesis is indicated in old age and with marked
e. Carpal bones are treated by dorsal plaster slab for 3
displacement.
weeks, while fractures of the phalanges are treated by
correction of the angulation by traction and flexion.

43

173. The commonest general complication of fracture neck 177. Mc Murray abduction osteotomy:
femur is: a. The operation of choice for coxa vara defonnity of
a. Neurogenic shock. hip.
b. Pulmonary embolism. b. It consists of subtrochanteric osteotomy with
c. Crush syndrome. abduction of the distal end of the femur.
d. Long stay in bed leading to deep vein thrombosis c. it corrects the deformity of the hip ..
and orthostatic pneumonia. d. It relieves pain of the hip during walking.
e. Paralytic ileus. e. It avoids osteoarthritis of the hip joint.
174. The commonest local complication of fracture neck 178. Avascular necrosis of head of femur:
femur (lntracapsular fracture): a. Common complication of intracapsular fracture
a. Coxa vara. neck femur.
b. Coxa valga. b. it occurs due to cut of the blood supply of head
c. Hypovolemic shock. which is mainly comes from the retinacular vessels
d. A vascular necrosis of the head. and the nutrient artery of the femur.
e. Spasm of the femoral artery with ischemia of the c. Head appears denser in the x -ray of the hip.
L.L. d. The main blood supply of the head comes of artery
of ligamentum teres.
175. Coxa vara deformity: e. It is treated by its replacement by artificial head of
a. Commoner than coxa valga. the Austin-Moore type.
b. Neck-shaft angle is less than 120 degrees.
c. Common to complicate adduction type fracture of 179. Artificial hip prothesis:
neck femur. a. Austin-Moore type is replacement of the head only.
d. More serious than coxa valga. b. Total hip with replacement of the head and
e. It is treated by subtrochanteric abduction acetabulum is indicated if the acetabulum is
osteotomy. diseased or fractured.
c. Excision arthroplasty of the Whitman's type is
176. Mc Murray osteotomy: indicated in severe infection of the hip joint.
a. Used for treatment of talipes valgus deformily of d. Rejection of the hip commonly occurs on top of
foot. infection.
b. Used for treatment of coxa valga. e. In Whitman's arthroplasty the head is removed and
c. Used for treatment of gel1u vilrum. the acetabular fossa is filled with muscles.
d. Operation for treatment of tahpes equino-varus.
e. Operation for treatment of coxa vara deformity of
the hip.

44

180. Subtrochanteric fracture shaft of the femur: 183. Level I fracture shaft femur (subtrochanteric) is treated
a. Complicated direct severe trauma like car accidents. by the following measures:
b. It is unstable displaced fracture. a. Closed reduction and hip fixation by hip spica.
c. Proximal fragment is abducted. Flexed and laterally b. Intramedullary nail (kutchner nail).
rotated by liopsoas and glutei muscles. c. Smith-Patreson's nail and plate.
d. Distal fragment is pulled upwards & backward by d. Dynamic hip screw (DHS).
hamstring e. Total hip replacement of the austin-moor's type.
e. It is treated by internal fixation with smith-paterson nail
and plate. 184. Treatment of fracture mid-shaft include:
a. Birth fracture is treated by Crede's method.
181. Fracture mid-shaft femur: b. Mid shaft fracture of infants and children is treated by
a. Commonly complicates direct trauma in form of car gallows's traction.
accidents. c. Fracture from age of 5-15 years is treated by skin
b. It may transverse, spiral or comminuted fracture. traction on Thomas's splint.
c. Over-riding, angulation and rotations are common in d. Mid shaft fracture in adults is treated by skeletal
this fracture. traction using Kirschner-wire or Steinmann's pin.
d. Usually complicate with hypovolemic shock due to big e. Open reduction and internal fixation is indicated in
size of its haematoma (may be up to one liter or more). comminuted fractures, complicated fractures or
e. Proximal fragment is pulled forwards by quadriceps multiple fractures of femur.
femoris muscle. f. Intra-medullary nail is used for transverse fracture
f. Distal fragment is adducted, pulled upwards and while spiral and comminuted fractures need plate and
backwards by the adductors and the hamstring screw fixation.
muscles. g. Mid-shaft fracture in old age is treated by internal
fixation.
182. Level III (supracondylar fracture shaft femur).
a. Rarest type of fracture shaft of femur. 185. The commonest complication of fracture mid shaft is:
b. Proximal fragment is pulled forwards by quadriceps a. Hypovolemic shock.
femoris muscle. b. Neurogenic shock.
c. Distal fragment is strongly flexed by gastrocnemius. c. Septicemic shock.
d. There is very high liability of injury of the popliteal d. Deep venous thrombosis.
vessels. e. Paralytic ileus.
e. It needs open reduction and internal fixation by plate f. Crush syndrome.
and screws.

45

186. The commonest local complication of fracture mid-shaft 190. The followings are complications of fracture patella:
femur is: a. Traumatic knee effusion.
a. Mal-union with angulation deformity. b. Haemoarthrosis.
b. Acute ischemia of the limb distally. c. Injury of the medial and lateral popliteal nerves.
c. Injury of the lateral popliteal nerve with drop foot. d. Stiffness of the knee joint.
d. A vascular necrosis of the head of femur. e. Tear of the quadriceps tendon.
e. Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee joints.
f. Laceration of the surrounding muscles. 191. Indication of patellactomy are:
g. Gas-gangrene infection. a. Comminuted fracture patella.
b. Disease of the patella as T.B
187. The commonest complication of supracondylar fracture c. Tumours of the patella.
femur is: d. Fracture patella with haemoarthrosis of the knee joint.
a. A vascular necrosis of the two condyles of femur. , e. Compound fracture patella.
b. Injury of the lateral popliteal nerve.
c. Injury of the medial popliteal nerve. 192. Pott's fracture:
d. Volkmann's ischaemic contracture of the muscles of a. Fracture dislocation of ankle joint.
the leg. b. All fractures of the lower ends of tibia and fibula
e. Deep vein thrombosis of the calf veins. including ankle joint.
c. Abduction type is the commonest type.
188. Medial popliteal nerve injury: d. The vertical type is the most serious type.
a. Deformity is talipes calcaneo-valgus. e. Stiffness of the ankle is the commonest complication of
b. There is paralysis of the calf muscles. Pott's fracture.
c. Loss of sensations on posterior aspect of the leg and
193. Abduction type of Pott's fracture:
sole.
a. Caused by severe abduction trauma of the foot as in
d. Complicate supracondylar fracture shaft of femur.
gladiators.
e. Usually of the neurtemesis type which is irreparable.
b. In the first degree, there is fracture of one malleolus.
189. Lateral popliteal nerve injury: c. In the second degree there is fracture of both malleoli.
a. Talipes equino-varus deformity. d. In its third degree there is fracture of three malleoli with
b. The foot is dropped (plantar flexion). ligamentous injuries of the ankle joint.
c. The foot is inverted (varus deformity). e. Second and third degrees are treated by open
d. There is paralysis of anterior and lateral groups of reduction and internal fixation of the ankle.
muscles of the leg
e. Deformity can not corrected clinically in comparison to
congenital talipes equino-varus.

46

194. First degree of abduction type of fracture consists of the 198. Reduction and immobilization of Pott's fracture:
followings: a. Closed reduction and external fixation in below knee
a. Oblique or spiral fracture of lateral malleolus. plaster is done for first degree of Pott's fracture of any
b. Transverse (avulsion) type fracture of medial type.
malleolus. b. Open reduction and internal fixation are indicated in
c. Oblique or spiral fracture of lateral malleolus. second and third degrees of Pott's fracture.
d. Transverse fracture of medial malleolus. c. External immobilization can be achieved by plaster or
e. Fracture of lateral malleolus with tear of medial by traction.
ligament. d. Internal immobilization can be achieved by screws or
arthrodesis of the ankle joint.
195. Second degree of abduction type of Pott's fracture:
e. Ankle prosthesis is recently used for severe degrees of
a. Transverse fracture of medial malleolus and oblique
Pott's fracture.
fracture of lateral malleolus.
b. Transverse fracture of lateral malleolus and oblique 199. The commonest general complication of Pott's fracture is:
fracture of medial malleolus. a. Hypovolemic shock.
c. Fracture of medial malleolus with oblique fracture of b. Crush syndrome.
lateral malleolus and lateral displacement of the talus. c. Pulmonary embolism.
d. Fracture of medial malleolus with fracture shaft of the d. Paralytic ileus.
lower end of fibula. e. Neurogenic shock.
e. Transverse fracture of medial malleolus with fracture of
200. The commonest local complication of Pott's fracture is:
lower end of fibula and diathesis of inferior tibio-fibular
a. Osteoarthritis of the ankle joint.
joint.
b. Malunion of fracture with varus or valgus deformity of
196. The third malleous of third degree Pott's fracture is: the foot.
a. Posterior part of the lateral malleolus. c. Injury of the musculo-cutaneous nerve.
b. Posterior part of the medial malleolus. d. Injury of the anterior tibial vessels.
c. Posterior part of the talus. e. Injury of tendons of the foot.
d. Posterior part of the fibula.
201. Medial ligamentous injury of the knee joint:
e. Posterior part of inferior surface of tibia.
a. Caused by severe abduction of the knee.
197. Third degree of vertical type of Pott's fracture: b. Medial rocking of the tibia over the femur is diagnostic
a. Comminuted fracture of tibia. of ligamentous rupture with pain and swelling on the
b. Fracture of lateral malleolus. medial side.
c. Diathesis of inferior tibio-fibular joint. c. Knee effusion is usually found.
d. Fracture of the medial malleolus. d. Abduction of the extended knee will decrease pain
e. Upward displacement of the talus. markedly.
e. Treated by knee cast or plaster for 2 ms in case of rupture

47

202. Injuries of semilunar cartilages of the knee joint: 206. Incomplete injuries of the pelvic ring with minimal
a. Common in foot players. displacement include:
b. Medial meniscus injury is more than lateral meniscus. a. fracture of ischio-pubic rami.
c. Weight bearing with external rotation of abducted b. fracture of iliac bone.
flexed knee joint. c. anterior superior iliac spine fracture.
d. Usually complicated by osteoarthritis of knee joint. d. separation of the symphysis pubis.
e. Treated by removal of the torn meniscus either e. sacro-iliac subluxation.
operatively or arthroscopically.
207. Complete injuries of the pelvic ring with marked
203. Fractures of tibia and fibula: displacement include:
a. Common fractures, as tibia is subcutaneous. a. double fractures.
b. Both bones are common to be fractured. b. double dislocations.
c. Upper and lower thirds of tibia are commoner to be c. fr of pubic ramus with separation of symphysis pubis.
fractured than middle third of the tibia. d. subluxation of sacro-iliac joint and fracture of the ilium.
d. Displacement may be very mild or severe e. fractures of anterior superior and inferior iliac spines .
displacement.
208. Common general complications of severe fracture pelvis
e. Spiral and oblique fractures are usually unstable, often
a. hypovolemic shock.
associated with overriding and or angulation of bones.
b. paralytic ileus.
204. Compound fracture of the tibia is best treated by: c. deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs.
a. Closed reduction and plaster immobilization. d. crush injury.
b. Internal fixation is mandatory. e. pulmonary shock.
c. External fixation by traction especially in presence of
209. Visceral complications of fractures pelvis include:
vascular damage.
a. rupture of the urethra.
d. Intero-external fixation is the method of choice.
b. rupture of the urinary bladder.
e. Nothing to be done to the fractured ends,
c. injury of the rectum leading to peritonitis.
205. The common types of isolated fractures of the pelvis d. injury of the appendix.
outside the pelvic ring are. e. injury of the uterus.
a. fracture of the superior ramus of pubic bone.
b. fracture of the inferior ischio-pubic ramus. 210. vascular injuries of fracture of the pelvis:
c. fracture of the wing of the ilium .. a. spasm or tear of external iliac artery.
d. anterior iliac spine. b. tear of the common iliac vein leading to severe hge.
e. fracture both rami of the pubic bone. c. injuries of capillaries leading to severe retroperitoneal
haematoma and hypovolaemic shock .
d. injury of the femoral artery.
e. injury of median sacral artery.

48

211. Severe retroperitoneal haematoma of the pelvis 215. Stability of fracture spine depends on:
complicating fracture of tile pelvis is treated by: a. shape of the fracture.
a. conservative ttt with bl transfusion & no surgical ttt at all b. comminuted fractures are less stable than non-
b. immediate exploration of the haematoma with control comminuted ones.
of hge. c. intact anterior longitudinal ligament is the most
c. immediate evacuation of the haematoma and fixation important factor.
of bone fractures. d. intactness of the posterior longitudinal ligament is the
d. conservative treatment and surgery if indicated. It must most important factor responsible for stability.
be done after doing pelvic angiography to localize the e. wedge fractures are usually unstable.
bleeding vessels.
e. if the cause of haematoma is injury of the common iliac 216. The commonest type of fracture cervical spine is:
artery it is repaired immediately by suture or grafting. a. wedge fracture.
b. dislocation fracture or subluxation.
212. Nervous injuries of fracture of tile pelvis: c. burst fracture.
a. injury of lumbo-sacral plexus of nerves . d. fracture of. Neural arches.
b. injury of the plexus is mild and needs no treatment. e. fracture of odontoid process.
c. injury .of the plexus is severe damage, which is f. fracture of the atlas.
irreversible damage.
d. they end in sensory and motor effects. 217. Burst fracture of the body of vertebra:
e. immediate nervous repair may help. a. it occurs on top vertical compression.
b. rupture of body of vertebra and inter vertebral disc.
213. Fractures of the cervical spine can be caused by one of c. it is a stable fracture.
the following traumas: d. posterior ligament is intact.
a. flexion trauma. e. spinal cord is liable to be injured by a piece of bone.
b. extension trauma. f. it is treated by external support (collar) in absence of
c. lateral flexion trauma. cord injury, and internal fixation is needed if there is
d. rotational flexion or extension trauma. cord injury.
e. vertical compression trauma (falls on head).
f. whip-lash injury (sudden recoil of head in car accidents) 218. Extension subluxation fracture:
a. caused by extension trauma.
214. Characters of wedge fracture of cervical spine: b. there is rupture of anterior longitudinal ligament.
a. it is caused by hyperflexion trauma of the neck. c. spinal cord may be stretched or no.
b. it is unstable fracture .. d. spine is not stable in extension.
c. posterior ligament is intact. e. it is treated by flexion of neck in plaster collar for 2
d. there is high liability of spinal cord injury. months.
e. it is treated by either a plastic collar or collar of plaster.

49

219. Flexion subluxation: 223. Complete cord injury is very common in:
a. caused by flexion rotational trauma. a. cervical region.
b. foreword displacement of one vertebra. b. thoracic region.
c. fracture is unstable. c. thoraco-iumbar region.
d. cord is not liable to be injured. d. lumbar region. ,
e. it is treated by reduction in extension and fixation of e. sacral region is the most common site of cord damage.
spine in a plaster collar for 2 months.
224. Stage of spinal shock in complete cord damage:
220. Fracture dislocation of cervical spine: a. it occurs immediately after cord injury.
a. forward displacement of one vertebra with overriding of b. it lasts for 48 hours.
articular surface, with compression of vertebra or c. there is spastic paralysis of muscles affected.
fracture of neural arch. d. there is complete sensory loss.
b. very stable fracture. e. there is suppression of visceral reflexes.
c. associated with severe cord damage. f. retention of urine is characteristic.
d. it is reduced by skull traction under x-ray control.
e. internal fixation is mandatory in presence of cord 225. Automatic or cord bladder:
damage. a. it complicated transection of the spinal cord above the
sacral segment.
221. Fracture of thoracolumbar spine: b. it follows transection of cord at the cauda level.
a. caused by fall of heavy objects on back. c. It starts with retention with overflow.
b. hyperflexion injuries may lead to wedge fracture or d. automatic bladder occurs after 1-3 months of cord
burst fracture. damage.
c. fracture is unstable if the posterior cord is intact. e. no recovery if the cord is completely transected.
d. cord transection is very liable to occur in thoracic
injuries. 226. Autonomous bladder:
e. cauda equine injury is more common with lumbar a. it follows transection of sacral segments of cord or
injuries. cauda equina.
b. periodic emptying of bladder is dependent upon a local
222. The commonest fracture of thoracolumbar spine is: reflex in the bladder wall.
a. wedge fracture. c. abdominal straining and compression of abdominal
b. burst fracture .. wall will induce reflex of bladder emptying.
c. fracture dislocation. d. recovery is common if the cauda lesion is neurapraxia
d. subluxation of vertebra. or axontemesis.
e. fracture transverse process. e. neurtemesis of the cauda lesion is irreversible.

50

227. Treatment of fracture spine: 231. Clinical presentations of acute osteomyelitls:
a. cervical spine injuries are treated by traction through a. marked rise of temperature up to septicaemic shock.
skull calipers if there is no displacement and open b. severe throbbing pain of the bone affected.
reduction and internal fixation if there is bony c. marked tenderness of the bone affected especially at
displacement. site of abscess.
b. thoracic spine injuries are treated by operative d. sympathetic effusion of near by joint is present.
correction and internal fixation by plate or by nursing e. irregular cystic tender swelling is diagnostic.
care.
c. thoraco-lumbar region injuries are treated by 232. The most diagnostic radiological sign of acute
immediate operation. osteomyelitis is:
d. care of the paraplegic patient. a. soft tissue shadow of the abscess cavity.
e. care of the bladder and rehabilitation. b. shadow of subperiosteal abscess.
c. presence of sequestrum.
228. Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis: d. presence of multiple cloaca and involucrum.
a. common below age of 10 years. e. marked osteoporosis of the bone affected.
b. more common in boys. f. non of the above.
c. common to affect patients with low resistance.
d. it may complicate compound fracture of bone. 233. Plain x-ray of acute osteomyelitis is negative:
e. it must be treated surgically, no place for medical a. first 10 days in children.
treatment. b. first 30 days in children,
c. first 2 days in children.
229. Bones commonly affected by acute osteomyelitis are: d. first 21 days in adults.
a. lower end of femur. e. first 50 days in adults after which it turns chronic.
b. upper end of tibia.
c. lower end of tibia. 234. Metaphysis is the commonest site of acute
d. upper end of humerus. osteomyelitis because:
e. lower end of radius. a. most vascular area of the bone.
b. special arrangement of blood vessels in the
230. Stages of osteomyelitis are: metaphysis.
a. intraosseous abscess stage on top of infected c. the weakest area of the bone.
haematoma. d. the site of muscular attachment (liable to trauma).
b. subperiosteal abscess. e. the very rapid circulation in the metaphysis.
c. subcutaneous abstess.
d. sequestrum.
e. involucrum and multiple cloaca.

51

235. Treatment of acute osteomyelitis include the followings 239. The most diagnostic radiological findings of chronic
measures except: osteomyelitis are:
a. broad spectrum antibiotics. a. sequestrum.
b. blood transfusion and fluid therapy. b. deformity of the bone affected.
c. analgesics and antipyretics. c. involucrum.
d. bone drilling of intraosseous abscess. d. pathological fracture.
e. amputation to avoid septicemia. e. presence of multiple cloacae.
236. Complications of acute osteomyelitis are: 240. Sequestrum of chronic osteomyelitis:
a. septicemia or pyaemia. a. new bone formation due irritation of periosteum of
b. subcutaneous abscess with sinus discharging pus. inflamed bone.
c. septic arthritis. b. presence of bone cavity filled with air.
d. pathological fracture. c. Dead part of infected bone due cut of blood supply.
e. chronicity with sequestrum and cloaca formation. d. it appears less dense than normal bone.
f. amylodosis. e. it appears more dense than normal bone.
237. The commonest cause of chronic osteomyelitis 241. Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis:
following acute osteomyelitis is: a. medical treatment in form of antibiotics and blood
a. inadequate treatment of acute osteomyelitis. transfusion.
b. moderate virulence of the organisms. b. surgical treatment in form of sequestrectomy.
c. presence of sinuses. c. sequestrectomy, and saucerization of bone cavity.
d. giving antibiotics in presence of pus. d. sequestrectomy, saucerization, and filling of the bone
e. presence of foreign bodies (sequestrum). cavity with antibiotic pills.
e. Winnet- Orr technique is the best line of treatment.
238. Chronic osteomyelitis:
a. affects children and young adults. 242. Complications of chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis
b. more common in boys. are the followings:
c. staphylococci albus and citrus and streptococci a. septicemia and pyaemia.
viridans and faecalis are common organisms. b. amyloidosis.
d. common sites of affection are lower ends of femur, c. sinuses.
tibia, radius and upper end of humerus, it may affect d. pathological fracture.
mandible and vertebrae. e. malignant transformation.
e. presents clinically by persistent sinus discharging pus f. deformity of bone affected.
or pieces of bones.
f. pathological fracture is a common complication.

52

243. The commonest complication of chronic osteomyelitis 247. Pathology of Brodie's abscess is formed of:
is: a. well-formed abscess cavity.
a. amyloidosis. b. dense sclerosis around the abscess cavity.
b. malignant transformation. c. small or no sequestrum.
c. acute exacerbation. d. marked deformity of the bone affected.
d. pathological fracture. e. no involucrum.
e. deformity.
248. Inverted bottle of champagne is characteristic of:
f. sinuses discharging pus or pieces of bone.
a. osteosarcoma of the bone.
244. Cloacae of chronic osteomyelitis are: b. Ewing sarcoma of the long bones.
a. multiple bone cavities filled with air. c. Brodie's abscess of a long bone.
b. multiple irregular areas of new bone formation. d. peroneal muscle atrophy.
c. multiple areas of dead bone inside cavity of e. chronic septic osteomyelitis.
osteomyelitis. f. syphilitic periostitis.
d. multiple sinuses filled with air.
249. Treatment of Brodie's abscess include:
e. multiple deformities of the infected bones.
a. deroofing of the abscess cavity.
245. The most serious complication of Winnet-Orr techique in b. saucerization of the abscess cavity with removal of
management of chronic osteomyelitis is: sequestrum if present.
a. septicemia and pyaemia. c. closure of the abscess cavity by muscle flap.
b. stiffness of the near by joint. d. broad-spectrum antibiotics and I.V. fluids.
c. deep vein thrombosis due to long stay in bed. e. winnet-orr technique.
d. anaerobic wound infection in form of gas gangrene and f. amputation of the bone affected for fear of malignancy.
tetanus.
250. Radiological findings characteristic of Brodie's abscess
e. bad healing of bone fracture by this technique.
are:
246. Brodie's abscess: a. well-formed abscess cavity (translucent area).
a. chronic specific or non-specific localized type of b. bone sclerosis.
osteomyelitis. c. involucrum.
b. it is common to affect young adult males. d. large sequestrum filling cavity of bone.
c. commonest site is the upper end of the tibia. e. pathological fracture.
d. organisms may be typhoid bacilli or spirochetes of f. soft tissue shadow of subperiosteal abscess.
other nonspecific organisms.
e. very common to complicate by pathological fracture of
the bone.
f. it simulates bone cyst.

53

251. Chronic septic osteomyelitis: 256. Pathology of Pott's disease of the spine:
a. complicates compound fractures. a. affects children and young adults.
b. it may complicate orthopedic operation. b. more common to affect males.
c. common organisms are streptococci viridans or staph c. it is T.B osteitis (osseous tissue of the vertebra).
albus or citrus. d. cervico-dorsal site is the commonest site of affection.
d. sequestrum is characteristically ring sequestrum. e. destruction of the vertebra and intervertebral disc occur
e. there are no cloacae. of children.
f. involucrum is in the form of periosteal spur. f. periosteal (peripheral) type with wedging of the
vertebrae and formation of cold abscess.
252. Tuberculosis of bones:
a. always secondary (never primary). 257. Clinical presentation of Pott's disease of spine:
b. infection of bone is almost blood borne infection. a. constant dull aching pain which increases by
c. human T.B bacilli are more common than bovine ones. movements.
d. very common below age of 10 yrs and may affect b. pain may be completely absent until complications
young adults. occur.
e. affects low resistant patients especially diabetics. c. cold abscess formation.
d. deformity of the spine.
253. Tuberculous osteitis commonly affects:
e. cord compression with paraplegia.
a. vertebrae.
b. ribs. 258. Clinical signs characteristic of Pott's disease:
c. short long bones (phalanges of hands and feet). a. tenderness at site of affected vertebra.
d. sternum. b. rigidity of the near by muscles.
e. skull. c. marked limitation of spinal movements.
f. long bones like femur, humerus and tibia. d. presence of deformity in form of kyphosis or
kyphoscoliosis.
254. Tuberculous periosteitis commonly found in:
e. cold abscess formation.
a. ribs and pelvic bones.
b. vertebrae. 259. Sites of cold abscesses complicating cervico-dorsal
c. short -long bones as phalanges of hands and feet. Pott's disease are:
d. skull. a. retropharyngeal abscess.
e. sternum. b. paravertebral.
255. The commonest site of Pott's disease: c. posterior triangle of the neck.
a. high-thoracic (T6-T7). d. mediastinum.
b. sacrum. e. axilla.
c. lumbo-sacral (L5-S1). f. suboccipital triangle.
d. cervico-dorsal region (C7-T1).
e. dorso-lumbar (T12-L1).

54

260. sites of cold abscesses complicating lumbosacral
264. The most recent effective treatment of Pott's disease of
tuberculosis are:
the spine consists of the following steps:
a. paravertebral.
a. antitubercolous treatment and immobilization of
b. ischio-rectal abscess.
cervical spine by plaster of Minerva.
c. pelvic abscess.
b. anterior approach of vertebral column with removal of
d. popliteal abscess.
diseased bones.
e. psoas abscess.
c. bridging of the bone cavity by bone grafts.
261. Pott's paraplegia: d. immobilization of the vertebral column by plaster.
a. occurs in 10% of cases of Pott's disease. e. immobilization of the vertebrae by plate and screws.
b. it is mainly motor.
265. Cold abscess is treated by:
c. less sensory affection.
a. aspiration of the abscess cavity.
d. marked sphincteric troubles of bladder and bowel
b. drainage of the abscess cavity.
functions.
c. spinal cord decompression by costo-transversectomy.
e. it is reversible if treated early.
d. anti-tuberculous treatment without surgical drainage.
262. The commonest cause of Pott's paraplegia is: e. follow up of the patient for fear of complications.
a. edema of the spinal cord.-
266. Acute suppurative arthritis:
b. compression of blood vessels.
a. affects any age and any sex.
c. compression of the cord by cold abscess or by
b. complicates penetrating injuries.
sequestra.
c. extension from osteomyelitis (intracapsular
d. severe kyphosis of vertebral column.
metaphysis).
e. thrombosis of the cord vessels.
d. may complicate gonorrhea in adults.
263. Radiological signs characteristic of Pott's disease of the e. it may be blood borne infection (in infants only).
spine are:
267. Pathology of septic arthritis consists of:
a. osteoporosis of affected vertebra.
a. thickened congested synovial membrane.
b. wedging of the vertebra affected.
b. joint cavity is full of serous or sero-purulent fluid.
c. angular deformity of spine.
c. articular cartilages are destroyed in neglected cases.
d. narrowing of intervertebral disc spaces.
d. pus may burst through the capsule leading to
e. shadow of the parevertebral abscess.
superficial abscess.
f. deformity in form kyphosis or scoliosis.
e. it ends by fibrous or bony ankylosis.

55

268. Clinical picture of septic arthritis: 272. Complications of tuberculous arthritis are:
a. severe pain in the joint affected. a. dislocation is very common.
b. fever, anorexia, headache, and malaise are severe b. cold abscess formation.
with loss of function of the joint affected. c. sinus formation.
c. joint is swollen warm, tender, and distended with fluid. d. tuberculous lymphadenitis.
d. there is restriction of all movements of the joint. e. bony ankylosis of the joint affected.
e. x-ray of joint affected may show diffuse rarefaction and f. malignant transformation.
loss of cartilage space in late cases of arthritis.
273. Clinical presentation of tuberculous arthritis:
269. The best line of treatment of septic arthritis is: a. loss of weight and night fever and night sweating.
a. rest and antibiotics with splintage of the joint. b. dull aching pain on exercise or at rest.
b. ultrasound guided aspiration. c. sharp pain occurs at night.
c. arthrotomy and drainage of pus. d. swelling of the joint affected.
d. arthroscopic drainage of joint with irrigation with e. sinus discharging caseous material opposite the joint
antibiotic solution. affected.
e. aspiration and immediate physiotherapy treatment to
274. Night stars or night cries are characteristic of:
avoid stiffness of the joint affected.
a. acute haematogenous osteomyelitis.
270. Tuberculous arthritis: b. chronic osteomyelitis.
a. affects children. c. Brodie's abscess.
b. boys are more affected than girls. d. septic arthritis.
c. always secondary. e. tuberculous arthritis.
d. hip and kneeare the common joints to be affected.
275. Tumour album:
e. human T.B Bacilli are more common than bovine ones.
a. large lipoma in white patient.
271. Pathological types and changes of tuberculous arthritis: b. amelanotic melanoma.
a. synovial type affects synovial membrane first c. tumour of white collagen fibers which is whitish on cut
(commonest type). surface.
b. osseous type affects epiphysis or metaphysis and then d. pallor of skin of the joint with tuberculous arthritis due
spread to joint (less common type). to empty capillaries and thickening of the synovial
c. synovial membrane is markedly thickened and membrane of joint affected.
transformed to tuberculous granulation tissue. e. sclerosed haemangioma of the skin.
d. no spasm or wasting of the surrounding muscles. f. big sized lymphangioma.
e. destruction of epiphyseal cartilage occurs first then
erosion of the underlying bones.
f. dislocation of joint never occurs.

56

276. Local signs characteistics of T.B arthritis are: 281. The commonest type of T.B arthritis of the hip is:
a. inspection revealed deformity, swelling, wasting of a. Synovial type.
muscles and sinus formation. b. Fibrous type.
b. palpation revealed warmth, tenderness, thickened c. Fibro-caseous type.
synovial membrane and easy palpation of bone ends. d. Osseous type.
c. there is limitation of all types of movements. e. Granulomatous type.
d. shortening of the limb is a true shortening.
282. Babock's triangle:
e. marked atrophy of the surrounding muscles.
a. Tip of the lesser trochanter.
277. Radiological findings characteristic of T.B arthritis: b. Tip of the greater trochanter.
a. rarefaction of bones adjacent to joint affected. c. Upper shelf of the acetabulum cavity.
b. narrowing of the joint space. d. Lower part of neck of the femur close to epiphysis.
c. pathological dislocation. e. Neck-shaft angle of the femur.
d. new bone formation.
283. Broken or interrupted Shenton's line in T.B arthritis of
e. soft tissue shadow of cold abscess.
the hip is diagnostic of:
278. The common sites of bone rarefaction of tuberculous a. Bony ankylosis.
arthritis of the hip joint: b. Destruction of the neck of the femur.
a. Upper part of the acetabulum. c. Widening of the acetabulum.
b. Superior pubic ramus. d. Narrowing of the joint space.
c. Lesser trochanter. e. Dislocation of the head of the femur.
d. Lower part of the neck of femur close to epiphysis.
284. Tuberculosis of the knee joint:
e. Greater trochanter of femur.
a. Very common in adult age.
279. Sites of formation of cold abscess in T.B of hip joint are: b. Commonest type is the synovial type.
a. Posteriorly in the region of greater trochanter. c. There is thickening of the synovial membrane with
b. Anteriorly in scarpa's triangle. effusion of the knee joint (T.Bhydrops).
c. Laterally in iliopubic tract. d. It is characterized by triple subluxation.
d. Downward in the popliteal fossa. e. There is limitation of extension of the knee while flexion
e. Rarely in the pelvis. is normal.
280. The commonest age of T.B of the hip joint is:
a. Above age of 50 years.
b. Below age of 2-5 years.
c. Between ages of 30-40 years.
d. Neonates.
e. Young adults.

57

285. Treatment of T.B arthritis of the knee include: 289. The common complications of posterior dislocation of
a. Antituberculous treatment with polyvitamins. the hip joint are:
b. Rest in bed with immobilization of the knee in a splint a. Fracture of the acetabulum.
for 3-6 months. b. Sciatic nerve injury.
c. If x-ray is normal after 3 ms we start active movements. c. Osteoarthritis of the hip joint.
d. If x-ray shows bone destruction, we continue d. Avascular necrosis of the head of femur.
immobilization for 3-6 months again. e. Injury of femoral vessels.
e. Arthrodesis by Charnley's intra-articular compression is f. Paralytic ileus.
done at age of 16 years,
290. Anterior dislocation of the hip joint:
f. Artificial knee prosthesis may be used recently.
a. Rare type of dislocation of the hip joint.
286. The commonest type of dislocation of the hip joint is: b. It is caused by forcible abduction and lateral rotation of
a. Traumatic anterior dislocation. the hip.
b. Traumatic posterior dislocation. c. It is of two types (obturator and pubic types).
c. Central dislocation. d. Its deformity is flexion, abduction and lateral rotation.
d. Congenital dislocation. e. Only dislocation of body with lengthening of the limb.
e. Pathological dislocation on top of tuberculous arthritis.
291. Centeral dislocation of the hip joint:
287. Posterior dislocation of the hip joint: a. Very rare type of dislocation of the hip.
a. Complicates dashboard accident. b. Caused by severe direct trauma on the greater
b. It may be iliac or sciatic subtypes of posterior trochanter.
dislocation. c. Head is displaced inside the pelvis.
c. Commonly associated with fracture of posterior rim of d. Broken shenton's line is diagnostic of dislocation.
acetabulum. e. Best line of ttt is open reduction and internal fixation.
d. There is supra-trochanteric shortening clinically. f. Head of the femur can be felt by pr examination.
e. Characteristic deformity is flexion, adduction and
292. The common complications of centeral dislocation of the
internal rotation.
hip of the joint are:
288. Shenton's line: a. All general complications like shock crush injury,
a. Smooth curve made by neck shaft angle of the femur paralytic ileus and complications of long stay in bed.
and inferior surface of superior pubic ramus. b. Fracture of the acetabulum.
b. It is characteristically broken if subtrochanteric fracture c. Injury of the sacral plexus and or obturator nerves.
of shaft of femur. d. Visceral complications in form of rupture of the rectum
c. It is diagnostic of dislocation of the hip joint. or the urinary bladder.
d. It is broken if fracture neck of the femur. e. Fracture of the neck of the femur.
e. Characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. f. Osteoarthritis of the hip joint which may need
arthroplasty.

58

293. Syphilitic arthritis (clluton's joinf): 297. Ivory osteoma of bones:
a. Hereditary type of syphilis. a. Hamartoma of compact bones.
b. It appears at the puberty age. b. Common in children and young adults.
c. Presents clinically by bilateral painless effusion of a c. Skull is the commonest bone to be affected.
large joint. d. It causes pathological fracture of the bone from which it
d. Other data of syphilis are present as keratitis, orchitis arises.
and labrynthitis. e. It produces conductive deafness if affecting the
e. Treatment is mainly medical treatment external auditory meatus.
294. The commonest benign tumour of bones is: 298. Sites of ivory osteoma are:
a. Ivory osteoma. a. Outer tables of the skull (frontal region).
b. Ecchondroma. b. Inner table of the skull (frontal and parietal regions).
c. Enchondroma. c. Maxillary bone.
d. Giant cell tumour. d. Mandible.
e. Cancellous tumour. e. Vertebrae.
f. Sternum and ribs..
295. The commonest malignant tumour of bones is:
a. Multiple myelomatosis. 299. Treatment of ivory osteoma of the skull:
b. Ewing sarcoma. a. Chizeling.
c. Fibrosarcoma. b. No treatment especially of the inner table.
d. Chondrosarcoma. c. Removal as a trephine disc by giggly saw.
e. Osteosarcoma. d. Irradiation of the tumour.
f. Lymphomas of bones. e. Recently it can be treated by laser therapy.
296. Osteosclerotic secondaries come from the following 300. The commonest site of cancellous osteoma:
tumours: a. Lower end of the femur.
a. Carcinoma of the prostate. b. Upper end of the tibia.
b. Carcinoma of the thyroid. c. Lower end of tibia.
c. Carcinoma of the breast. d. Upper end of the humerus.
d. Hypernephroma of the kidney. e. Lower end of the radius.
e. Bronchogenic carcinoma.
301. Origin of cancellous osteoma:
f. Choriocarcinoma.
a. Metaphysis of long bones.
b. Diaphysis of long bones.
c. Periosteum of the bone.
d. Endosteium of long bone.
e. Epiphyseal cartilage plate of long bone.

59

302. Diaphyseal aclasis: 307. The most diagnostic radiological picture of
a. Rare type of cancellous osteomata. ecchondroma is:
b. Multiple cancellous osteomata of a long bone. a. Pedunclated tumour of the bone which is
c. Very common to occur around the knee joint. homogeneously opaque.
d. Malignant transformation is very common. b. Huge sized bone mass.
e. Treated by amputation of the bone affected for fear of c. Tumour of the epiphysis of the bone with pathological
malignancy. fracture.
d. Soap bubble appearance of the bone affected.
303. Pathology of cancellous osteoma:
e. Sessile or pedunculated out growth of the bone which
a. Its attachment to the bone is by a narrow pedicle.
is mottled.
b. It has an expanded head.
c. Its head is covered by a hyaline cartilage. 308. Enchondroma:
d. Usually single and rare to multiple. a. Rare benign tumour of bones.
e. It grows outward from bone like a mushroom. b. May be single or multiple.
c. Affects short-long bones like phalanges and carpal
304. The commonest complication of cancellous osteoma is:
bones.
a. Pressure of near by artery leading to ischaemia.
d. It may affect long bones like femur or humerus.
b. Pressure of near by nerve leading to sensory or motor
e. Common to affect young aged females.
effects.
c. Adventitious bursitis. 309. Clinical presentations of enchondromata:
d. Osteoarthritis of the near by joint. a. Painless expansion of bone.
e. Pathological fracture of the tumour. b. Pathological fracture due to thinning out of the cortex.
c. Eggshell crackling sensation can be elicited in bone
305. Precautions in treatment of cancellous osteomata:
affected.
a. Excision by chizeling.
d. X-ray shows a filling defect inside a bone.
b. Hyaline cap must be excised to avoid recurrence.
e. May be associated with haemangioma (maffuci's
c. Excision after age of puberty only.
syndrome).
d. Excision of painful or complicated osteoma if the
f. It may simulate T.B cavity , bone cyst and or Broidie's
condition is multiple.
abscess.
e. Amputation if complicated by malignant transformation.
310. Ollier's disease:
306. Ecchondroma:
a. Multiple ecchondromata of long bones.
a. Common in young aged boys or girls.
b. Multiple enchondromas of flat bones like pelvic bone or
b. It affects hands and feet (phalanges and caipal bones).
ribs.
c. It may attain a very huge size especially pelvic tumors
c. Multiple enchondroma of long bones like femur or tibia.
d. It never turns malignant.
d. It is called dyschondroplsia.
e. Rare to affect long bones like femur or humerus.
e. It is a pre-malignant condition.

60

311. Treatment of enchondroma:
315. Radiological signs of osteoclastoma:
a. Irradiation of the tumour which is very radiosensitive.
a. Expansion of one end of a bone.
b. Excision or curettage of the tumour.
b. Soap-bubble appearance.
c. Amputation of the bone affected for fear of malignancy.
c. Medullary plug.
d. No treatment if it presented clinically with pathological
d. Never to be eccentric.
fracture.
e. Soft tissue of tumour shadow outside the bone.
e. Excision and bone grafting of bone cavity by bone
ships. 316. Treatment of osteoclastoma:
a. Excision of bone affected (rib, fibula, or lower end of
312. Osteoclastoma:
radius).
a. Benign tumour with tendency of malignant
b. Curettage of tumour and bone chips application (femur
transformation.
or tibia).
b. Benign tumour with tendency of recurrence after
c. Excision of bone tumour with bone graft application
surgical excision.
(mandible).
c. Common to affect males between ages of 15-40 years.
d. Irradiation is the treatment of choice for osteoclastoma
d. Mandible and vertebrae are very common sites.
of the lower end of femur and upper end of tibia.
e. It arises from metaphysis of long bones.
e. Amputation is indicated for tumour destroying nearby
313. Pathology of osteoclastoma: joint.
a. Expansion of one end of a bone with thinning out of the
317. Cell of origin of osteosarcoma of the bone:
cortex.
a. Osteocytes.
b. There is destruction of bone lamellae.
b. Chondrocytes.
c. There is a medullary plug.
c. Fibroblasts.
d. Huge soft tissue shadow is characteristic.
d. Osteoblast.
e. Microscopically there is a mixture of spindle cells and
e. Osteoclasts.
osteoclasts.
318. Bone site specific for osteosarcoma is:
314. The cut surface of osteoclastoma is characteristically:
a. Epiphyseal cartilage.
a. Which in colour.
b. Epiphysis of long bones.
b. Reddish in colour.
c. Diaphysis of long bone.
c. Dark brown (maroon) due to haemorrhage and
d. Metaphysis of the bone.
necrosis.
e. Non of the above.
d. Greysish -white in colour.
e. Golden yellow in colour due high contents of fat.

61

319. The commonest predisposing factor of osteosarcoma in 323. The commonest method of spread of osteosarcoma is
old age is: a. Local spread to the near by joint.
a. Trauma. b. Local spread to the rest of the bone.
b. Benign tumours especially cancellous osteoma. c. Blood spread to the lungs.
c. Chronic osteomyelitis. d. Lymphatic spread to draining lymph nodes.
d. Irradiation. e. Blood spread to rest of bones of the body.
e. Paget's disease of bones. f. Local spread to the overlying skin.
320. The commonest age of osteosarcoma is: 324. The first presenting symptom of osteosarcoma is:
a. Below age of 5 years. a. Swelling of the bone affected.
b. Above the age of 50 years. b. Marked loss of weight and anemia.
c. Between ages of 10 and 20 years. c. Fever of unknown origin.
d. Above age of 40 years and below age of 50 years. d. Ischemia of the limb affected.
e. Neonatal age. e. Severe intractable pain of the bone affected for 1 -2
months before appearance of a swelling.
321. The common sites of osteosarcoma of bones are:
f. Pulmonary metastases.
a. Lower end of femur.
b. Upper end of tibia. 325. The followings are radiological signs of osteosarcoma:
c. Skull. a. Huge soft tissue swelling.
d. Vertebrae and ribs. b. Pathological fracture.
e. Upper end of humerus. c. New bone formation (sun-ray appearance).
f. Maxilla. d. Destroyed epiphyseal cartilage.
e. Codmann's triangle.
322. Macroscopic picture of osteosarcoma:
a. Huge fusiform fleshy growth eroding bone cortex. 326. The most specific investigations of osteosarcoma are:
b. Swelling is hard or form or heterogeneous in a. Ultrasonography.
consistency. b. Cat scanning of the limb.
c. Deposition of new bone occurs on raised subperiosteal c. Plain x-ray of the limb affected.
blood vessels. d. Selective arteriography of the limb affected.
d. Infiltration of the skin over the tumour is very common. e. Radioisotope scanning by tc99 pyrophosphate.
e. Early infiltration of near by joint. f. Biopsy of the bone affected is the most diagnostic.
f. Cut surface is homogenous, greyish white with areas of
haemorrhage and necrosis.

62

327. The isotopes specific for ostesarcoma are: 331. The commonest type of osteosarcoma is:
a. Radioactive hg 203. a. Osteogenic osteosarcoma.
b. Radioactive strontium 85 or 87. b. Osteolytic osteosarcoma.
c. Radioactive iodine. c. Osteoclastoma.
d. Radioactive selenium methionine. d. Telangiectatic type (malignant bone aneurysm).
e. Radioactive tc99m pyrophosphate. e. Parosteal osteosarcoma.
f. Endosteal osteosarcoma.
328. Codmann's triangle is:
a. Triangle of metaphysis from which the tumour arises. 332. Ewing's sarcoma:
b. Triangle of bone erosion by the tumour. a. Affects boys between ages of 5-15 years.
c. Triangle of new bone formation at the elevated edge of b. Diapphysis is the site of bone to be affected.
the tumour due to irritation of subperiosteal blood c. Radius is the commonest bone to be affected.
vessels. d. It arises from the osteoblasts of the bone marrow.
d. Diagnostic of Ewing sarcoma of bone. e. Blood spread is the commonest and early method of
e. Characteristic of osteoclastoma. spread.
329. Santford technique used in treatment of osteosarcoma 333. The cells of Ewing's sarcoma:
consists of: a. Small sized cells resembling lymphocytes.
a. Pre-operative irradiation by 9000 rads. b. Large multinucleated cells resembling giant cells.
b. Waiting for 6 months then x-ray chest is done. c. Are mesodermal in origin.
c. Amputation is done if there is no metastasis in the d. They arise from the endothelial lining of bone.
lungs. e. Arranged around blood vessels in a rosette shape
d. Post-operative irradiation after amputation. manner.
e. If there is metastasis in the lungs, palliative
334. The rarest method of spread of Ewing's sarcoma is:
chemotherapeutics like adriamycin, vincristine and
a. Blood spread to the lungs.
methotrexate are given.
b. Blood spread to other bones.
330. Malignant bone aneurysm is: c. Local spread to the surrounding muscles.
a. Huge intraosseous aneurysm. d. Lymphatic spread to the lymph nodes.
b. Diffuse arterio-venous fistula of the bone. e. Blood spread to the liver.
c. The telangiectatic type of osteosarcoma of the bone.
335. The typical presentations of Ewing's sarcoma are:
d. It may be totally cystic tumour.
a. Fever anorexia, headache and malaise.
e. The tumour is pulsating like aneurysm.
b. Sawing pain of the bone affected.
c. Painful swelling of the bone affected.
d. Pathological fracture.
e. No pain at all.

63

336. Signs characteristic of Ewing's sarcoma are: 341. Pathology of multiple myelomatosis:
a. Rise of temperature. a. Multiple firm or soft swellings.
b. Tachycardia. b. The swellings are well defined.
c. Toxaemia. c. They cause pathological fracture of bones affected.
d. Irregular, ill defined hard, tender & warm bone swelling. d. Formed histologically of large number of plasma cells.
e. Signs of pathological fracture. e. They cause new bone formation in concentric layers.
337. Onion-peal appearance of plain x-ray of the bone is 342. Clinical presentations of multiple myelomatosis:
charateristic of the following tumour: a. Anaemia, fever, and loss of weight.
a. Osteoclastoma. b. Hypercalcaemia.
b. Osteosarcoma of the osteogenic type. c. Hyperviscosity with thrombotic complications.
c. Osteolytic osteosarcoma. d. Low backache.
d. Fibrosarcoma. e. Pathological fracture.
e. Multiple myelomatosis, f. Recurrent urinary tract stone formation.
f. Ewing's sarcoma.
343. The most diagnostic investigation of multiple myeloma is:
338. The best line of treatment of Ewing's sarcoma is: a. Anaemia and increased sedimentation rate.
a. Santford technique of treatment. b. Plasma electrophoresis for myeloma proteins.
b. Amputation. c. Bone marrow puncture for abnormal plasma cells:
c. Excision of the tumour and bone grafting. d. X-ray of all bones of the body.
d. Irradiation (very radiosensitive tumour). e. Bence-john's proteinuria.
e. Cytotoxic drugs.
344. Bence-john's proteinuria:
339. The cell of origin of multiple myelomatosis is: a. Abnormal gamma globulins.
a. Osteoclasts. b. They undergo clotting at 80 degrees.
b. Osteoblast. c. They undergo clotting at 55˚C, dissolved at 80˚C and
c. Plasma'cells of the bone marrow. are reformed on cooling to 55˚C again.
d. Chondroblasts. d. Diagnostic for multiple myelomatosis.
e. Fibroblasts of the periosteum. e. Positive in only 70% cases of m.myelomatosis.
340. The commonest bones to be affected by multiple 345. The best line of treatment of multiple myelomatosis is:
myelomatosis are: a. Irradiation of all tumours.
a. Femur. b. Amputation of the bone affected.
b. Humerus. c. Triple attack in form of pre-operative irradiation,
c. Ribs and clavicle. amputation, and post-operative irradiation.
d. Vertebrae especially lower lumbar vertebrae. d. Cytotoxic drugs.
e. Skull, sternum, and scapula. e. General ttt in form of blood transfusion & vitamins.

64

346. The drug of choice for treatment of multiple myeloma is: 350. Fibrosarcoma of bones:
a. Leukeran. a. Common above age of 50 years.
b. Interferon. b. Femur, tibia, humerus, and radius are common sites.
c. Methotrexate. c. Common to spread by blood stream to lungs and other
d. Melphalan (sarcolysin). bones.
e. Immuran therapy. d. Presents clinically as bone swelling which may be
painless or painful (rare).
347. Chondrosarcoma:
e. Amputation is the treatment of choice.
a. Malignant tumour of chondroblasts.
f. fibrosarcoma is radioresistant.
b. It may be endosteal or parosteal.
c. Central type affects long bones like femur, tibia and 351. Clinical presentations of bone metastases are:
humerus. a. Anaemia and loss of weight.
d. Peripheral type is more common to affect flat bones b. Bone swelling.
(ribs and vertebrae). c. Bone aches.
e. Common in adult age (30-50). d. Pathological fracture.
e. Primary cause.
348. The commonest clinical presentation of chondrosarcoma
are: 352. Examples of generalized bone deformities are:
a. Anaemia and loss of weight. a. Osteogenesis imperfecta.
b. Pulmonary metastases. b. Diaphyseal aclasis.
c. Painless bone swelling (peripheral type). c. Phocomelia.
d. Painful swelling of the bone affected (central type). d. Osteopetrosis.
e. Pathological fracture. e. Congenital dislocation hip.
349. Treatment of chondrosarcoma is: 353. Fanconi's syndrome:
a. Irradiation of the bone affected. a. Ricketes.
b. Chemotherapeutics. b. Hypophosphataemia.
c. Amputation is the best line of treatment of operable c. Aminoaciduria.
cases. d. Glycosuria.
d. Local excision of bone tumour with bone chips. e. Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.
e. Prognosis of treatment is better than osteosarcoma.
354. Congenital hip dislocation (CHD.):
a. Neonates and infants.
b. Affects girls more than boys.
c. Bilateral in 80% of cases.
d. It is due congenital laxity of ligaments of the hip joint.
e. Common in the italian race.

65

355. Changes occuring due to persistence of the head 359. Talipes equino-varus:
outside the glenoid cavity are: a. Adducted, inverted and plantarly flexed foot.
a. Upward and lateral displacement of the head with b. It may be congenital or acquired on top of paralysis of
retardation of its growth. lateral popliteal nerve.
b. Neck of femur becomes antedated beyond normal c. Congenital deformity can be corrected while acquired
angle for infants. one can not.
c. Acetabulum becomes more deep. d. Acquired deformity is bilateral while congenitalis unilateral.
d. Capsule of the joint becomes more elongated. e. In the acquired type sole of the foot i full of corrugation.
e. Labium of the joint becomes folded in the cavity of the
360. Causes of genu valgum (knock-knees):
acetabulum.
a. Congenital.
356. The best method of diagnosis of CHD at birth is: b. Malunited fracture.
a. Symmetry of the buttocks. c. Paget's disease of bones.
b. Wide range of movement of the hip joint. d. Rheumatoid or osteoarthritis.
c. Telescopic movement of the limb. e. Ricketes.
d. Wide perineum in bilateral cases.
361. Congenital genu valgum:
e. Ortolani's test is diagnostic.
a. Rare disease.
357. The most diagnostic investigation of CHD is: b. Common between ages of 3-5 years.
a. X-ray of the hip joint. c. With knees straight, malleoli are away from each other.
b. Ultrasonography. d. Usually correctable by growth of the boy or the girl.
c. Cat scanning of the hip. e. Mc ewen osteotomy can correct cases of adult ages.
d. Arthroscopy and arthrography.
362. The commonest cause of genu varum (bow legs):
e. NMR of hip joint.
a. Congenital.
358. Salter's operation: b. Malunited fracture.
a. Used for treatment of CHD At birth. c. Rheumatoid arthritis.
b. Used for treatment of CHD in infants up to age of 4 d. Ricketes or osteomalacia.
years. e. Paget's disease of bones.
c. Of value if other measures failed for treatment. .
363. Examples of osteochonddritis with infarction of the
d. It consists of osteotomy of the innominate bone just
epiphysis:
above acetabulum, and rotation of lower half of bone
a. Pertdhe's disease.
down and outwards.
b. Scheurmann's disease.
e. May be of value in the adult patients suffering from T.B
c. Calve's disease.
arthritis.
d. Kohler's disease.
e. Kienbock's disease.

66

364. Perthe's disease:
368. The common complications of paget's disease are:
a. Common between ages of 3-10 years.
a. Malignant transformation.
b. Bilateral in 15-20% of cases.
b. Heart failure.
c. Common in italian girls.
c. Osteoarthritis.
d. Presents clinically by pain in the hip joint and limping
d. Dislocations.
after walking.
e. Osteoarthritis.
e. The head of the femur undergoes three stages of
degeneration, flattening, and regeneration. 369. The drug of choice for treatment of pain of perthe's
f. There is limitations to all types of movement except disease is:
medial rotation. a. Morphia.
b. Aspirin.
365. Radiological signs characteristic of perthes disease are:
c. Parathyroid hormone.
a. Increase density of the epiphysis.
d. Calcitonin.
b. Fragmentation of the epiphysis.
e. Vitamin d.
c. Head is flat in shape.
d. Osteoarthritis. 370. Causes of flat foot (club plannus).
e. Dislocation of the head of the hip joint. a. Congenital.
b. Paralytic.
366. Causes of coxa vara:
c. Spastic type.
a. Congenital (commonest).
d. Malunited fracture (pott's fracture)
b. Malunited fracture is the commonest cause.
Osteoma of the foot.
c. Perthe's disease of the hip.
d. Slipped femoral epiphysis.
e. Septic arthritis of the hip joint.
367. The commonest bone to affected by paget's disease is:
a. Long bones especially femur.
b. Vertebrae.
c. Skull.
d. Flat bones.
e. Scapula.

67

MCQs Answers

1. B 24. C 47. B 70. C 93. D
2. A 25. D 48. B 71. D 94. D
3. B 26. C 49. E 72. C 95. A
4. D 27. C 50. A 73. D 96. B
5. C 28. E 51. D 74. C 97. C
6. B 29. D 52. B 75. E 98. C
7. B 30. C 53. A 76. B 99. E
8. B 31. B 54. E 77. C 100. D
9. C 32. C 55. D 78. A 101. E
10. B 33. D 56. B 79. C 102. C
11. B 34. B 57. B 80. C 103. D
12. C 35. B 58. B 81. C 104. E
13. B 36. A 59. C 82. C 105. C
14. C 37. B 60. C 83. C 106. D
15. B 38. A 61. B 84. B 107. D
16. C 39. A 62. D 85. C 108. A
17. B 40. C 63. C 86. C 109. A
18. D 41. D 64. C 87. B 110. C
19. A 42. C 65. D 88. C 111. C
20. B 43. D 66. B 89. E 112. D
21. D 44. B 67. A 90. E 113. C
22. A 45. B 68. A 91. C 114. C
23. A 46. B 69. D 92. D 115. E

116. B 142. C 168. C 194. A
117. C 143. C 169. E 195. D
118. C 144. E 170. B 196. D
119. E 145. A 171. C 197. C
120. D 146. B 172. A 198. B
121. B 147. B 173. D 199. C
122. E 148. E 174. E 200. C
123. D 149. E 175. E 201. E
124. E 150. D 176. D 202. B
125. C 151. C 177. B 203. A
126. A 152. B 178. D 204. E
127. B 153. B 179. D 205. D
128. C 154. C 180. E
129. E 155. B 181. E
130. E 156. C 182. C
131. B 157. A 183. D
132. D 158. C 184. C
133. E 159. D 185. D
134. D 160. A 186. E
135. A 161. C 187. C
136. E 162. B 188. D
137. D 163. D 189. D
138. A 164. E 190. B
139. D 165. C 191. C
140. C 166. E 192. D
141. D 167. C 193. D

True & False Answers

1. B, E 25. D 49. A, B, C 73. A, B, C, D 97. A, B, D, E
2. B, D, E 26. NONE 50. A, B, C, D 74. B, C, E 98. A, B, D
3. B, E 27. B, D, E 51. B, C 75. NONE 99. B, C, D
4. A, B, C 28. C, D 52. B, C, D, E 76. A, B, E 100. A, B, C D
5. A 29. C, D, E 53. B, C, D 77. A, C, E 101. A, B, C, D
6. A, D 30. A, B, D, E 54. A, B, D, E 78. A, C, D, E 102. A
7. B, C, D 31. A, C 55. A, C, D 79. B, C, D 103. A
8. A, C, E 32. D 56. B, D, E 80. B, C 104. D
9. B, D 33. A, D, E 57. A, B, C 81. A, B, C, D 105. D
10. B, D 34. B, D 58. A, B, C, D 82. A, C, E 106. B
11. D 35. C 59. B, D 83. A, B, D 107. D
12. C, D, E 36. B, C, D 60. B, C, E 84. B, C, E 108. B,C,D
13. A, D 37. C, E 61. A, B, D 85. C, D, E 109. D,E
14. A 38. NONE 62. E 86. C, D, E 110. D
15. A, C, D 39. A, B, D, E 63. A, C, D, E 87. A, B 111. ALL
16. A, B, C, D, E 40. A, B 64. B, C 88. B, C 112. E
17. B, C, E 41. NONE 65. A, B, C, D 89. B, D, E 113. D
18. D 42. C, D 66. A, D 90. B, D 114. C
19. A, B, C 43. A, B 67. A, B, D 91. A, B, C, D 115. ALL
20. B 44. B, C, D 68. A, D, E 92. A, B, D 116. A,B,C,E
21. A, B, C 45. A, C, D, E 69. C, D 93. A, B, C 117. D
22. E 46. A, B, C, E 70. B, D 94. A, C, D 118. A
23. A, B 47. A, D, E 71. A, B, C 95. B, D 119. A,B,D,E
24. A, B, C 48. A, C, E 72. A, C, D, E 96. D, E 120. B,C,D,E

121. A,B,C,E 147. ALL 173. A 199. E 225. ALL
122. A,B,C,D 148. ALL 174. D 200. A 226. ALL
123. A,B,C,E 149. E 175. ALL 201. A,B,C,E 227. ALL
124. A,B,C,E 150. B,C,E 176. E 202. ALL 228. A,B,C,D
125. B 151. E 177. ALL 203. ALL 229. ALL
126. B 152. ALL 178. A,B,C 204. D 230. A,B,C
127. B,E 153. ALL 179. ALL 205. A,B,C,D 231. A,B,C,D
128. E 154. D 180. ALL 206. A,B,C 232. F
129. C,E 155. E 181. ALL 207. A,B,C,D 233. A,D
130. C,D 156. B,C 182. ALL 208. A,B,C,E 234. A,B,D
131. A,C,E 157. A,B,D 183. C,D 209. A,B,C,E 235. A,B,C,D
132. A,B,C,D 158. A,B,C 184. ALL 210. B,C 236. A,B,C,D,E
133. C 159. A 185. A 211. D,E 237. E
134. E 160. A,B,C,E 186. F 212. A,B,D 238. ALL
135. D 161. B,C 187. D 213. ALL 239. A,B,E
136. ALL 162. A,B,C 188. A,B,C,D 214. A,C,E 240. C,E
137. A,C,D 163. B 189. ALL 215. B,D 241. D
138. D 164. D 190. A,B,D,E 216. A 242. ALL
139. E 165. E 191. A,B,C,E 217. A,B,D 243. F
140. A,C,D 166. ALL 192. ALL 218. ALL 244. D
141. A,B,D 167. ALL 193. ALL 219. A,B,C,E 245. D
142. C 168. ALL 194. A,B,E 220. A,C,D,E 246. A,B,C,D,F
143. ALL 169. A,C,D,E 195. A,C,D,E 221. A,B,D 247. A,B,CE,F
144. B 170. A,B,C, 196. E 222. B,C,D,E 248. C,D
145. A,B,E 171. E 197. A,C,E 223. A,C,D,E 249. A,B,C,D
146. A,B,C,D 172. B,C,D 198. ALL 224. ALL 250. A,B

251. ALL 277. A,B,C 303. ALL 329. ALL 355. A,B,D,E
252. A,B,D,E 278. A,D 304. E 330. C,D,E 356. C
253. A,C 279. A,B,C 305. A,B,D,E 331. A 357. D
254. A,E 280. B 306. A,B,C,E 332. A,B,E 358. C,D,E
255. E 281. C 307. E 333. A,C,D,E 359. A,B
256. A,B,C,E,F 282. D 308. ALL 334. D 360. ALL
257. A,C,D,E,F 283. E 309. ALL 335. A,B,C,D 361. ALL
258. ALL 284. B,C,D 310. C,D,E 336. ALL 362. ALL
259. ALL 285. ALL 311. B,D 337. F 363. ALL
260. A,B,C 286. B 312. ALL 338. D 364. F
261. A,B,C,E 287. ALL 313. A,B,C,E 339. C 365. ALL
262. A 288. A,C,D 314. C 340. D 366. ALL
263. ALL 289. A,B,C,D 315. A,B,C 341. E 367. B,C
264. B 290. ALL 316. A,B,C 342. ALL 368. A,B,C,E
265. C 291. ALL 317. D 343. C 369. D
266. ALL 292. A,B,C,D 318. D 344. A,C,E 370. A,B,C
267. ALL 293. ALL 319. E 345. D
268. ALL 294. E 320. C 346. D
269. C 295. E 321. C 347. ALL
270. A,B,C,D 296. A,C,E 322. A,B,C 348. C,D,E
271. A,B,C,E 297. A,B,C,E 323. C 349. C
272. A,B,C,D 298. ALL 324. E 350. ALL
273. ALL 299. C,E 325. A,B,C,E 351. ALL
274. E 300. ALL 326. A,C 352. A,B,D
275. D 301. E 327. A,B,E 353. ????
276. ALL 302. A,B,C 328. C 354. A,B,D,E

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