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OSI REFERENCE
LAYERS

Mrs. Vasanthi Muniasamy
CONTENTS














INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS OSI?
OSI MODEL
TYPES OF LAYERS
PHYSICAL LAYER
DATA LINK LAYER
NETWORK LAYER
TRANSPORT LAYER
SESSION LAYER
PRESENTATION LAYER
APPLICATION LAYER
CONCLUSION
What is OSI?
OSI-OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION
 An open system is a set of protocol that allows any
two different systems to communicate regardless of
their underlying architectures.
 It was designed by ISO-International Organization
for Standardization in late1970s.
 It is a seven-layer model.
 It is a theoretical model designed to show how a
protocol stack should be implemented.
OSI MODEL
7

Application layer

6

Presentation layer

5

Session layer

4

Transport layer

3

Network layer

2

Data link layer

1

Physical layer
TYPES OF LAYERS
Physical layer
 Data link layer
 Network layer
 Transport layer
 Session layer
 Presentation layer
 Application layer

PHYSICAL LAYER
The physical layer is responsible for
transmitting individual bits from one
node to the next
Functions of physical layer:
 Physical characteristics of interfaces and
media
 Representation of bits
 Data rate
 Synchronization of bits
PHYSICAL LAYER
From data
link layer

To data
link layer

101010000000101111001

101010000000101111001
Physical
layer

Physical
layer

Transmission
medium
DATA LINK LAYER
The data link layer is responsible for
transmitting frames from one node to the
next
FUNCTIONS OF DATA LINK LAYER:
 Framing
 Physical addressing
 Flow control
 Error control
 Access control
DATA LINK LAYER
From network
layer

To network
layer

frame
T2

frame
Data

Data link
layer
To physical
layer

H2

T2

Data link
layer

Data

From
physical
layer

H2
NETWORK LAYER
The network layer is responsible for
the delivery of packets from the
original source to the final
destination
FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK LAYER:
 Logical addressing
 Routing
NETWORK LAYER
From transport layer

Data

packet
H3

Network
layer
To data link

layer

To transport layer

packet
Data

H3

Network
layer
From data link
layer
TRANSPORT LAYER
The transport layer is responsible for
delivery of a message from one process
to another(process-to-process delivery)
FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT LAYER:
 Port addressing
 Segmentation and reassembly
 Connection control
 Flow control
 Error control
TRANSPORT LAYER
From session layer

To session layer

segments
Data H4

Data H4 Data H4

Transport
layer
To network
layer

segments
Data H4

Data H4 Data H4

Transport
layer
From network
layer
SESSION LAYER
The session layer is the network
dialog controller. It establishes,
maintains,and synchronizes the
interaction between communicating
systems
FUNCTIONS OF SESSION LAYER:
 Dialog control
 synchronization
SESSION LAYER
From presentation layer

To presentation layer

L6 data

L6 data

Session layer

Session layer
H5

syn

syn

L5 data
To transport layer

syn

H5
syn

syn

syn

L5 data
From transport layer
PRESENTATION LAYER
The presentation layer is concerned with
the syntax and semantics of the
information exchanged between two
systems
FUNCTONS OF PRESENTATION LAYER:
 Translation
 Encryption
 Compression
PRESENTATION LAYER
From application layer

To application layer

L7 data

L7 data

Presentation layer
Encoded ,encrypted H6
& compressed data

Presentation layer
Decoded ,decrypted H6
& decompressed data

L6 data
To session layer

L6 data
From session layer
APPLICATION LAYER
The application layer enables the
user,whether human or software, to
access the network. It provides user
interfaces and support for services.
FUNCTIONS OF APPLICATION LAYER:
 Network virtual terminal
 File transfer,access,and
management(FTAM)
 Mail services
 Directory services
APPLICATION LAYER
User
Application
X.500 FTAM X.400
layer

L7 data
To presentation layer

User
Application
layer X.500 FTAM X.400

L7 data
From presentation layer
OSI LAYERS MODEL
THANK YOU

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Osi reference model

  • 2. CONTENTS             INTRODUCTION WHAT IS OSI? OSI MODEL TYPES OF LAYERS PHYSICAL LAYER DATA LINK LAYER NETWORK LAYER TRANSPORT LAYER SESSION LAYER PRESENTATION LAYER APPLICATION LAYER CONCLUSION
  • 3. What is OSI? OSI-OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION  An open system is a set of protocol that allows any two different systems to communicate regardless of their underlying architectures.  It was designed by ISO-International Organization for Standardization in late1970s.  It is a seven-layer model.  It is a theoretical model designed to show how a protocol stack should be implemented.
  • 4. OSI MODEL 7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session layer 4 Transport layer 3 Network layer 2 Data link layer 1 Physical layer
  • 5. TYPES OF LAYERS Physical layer  Data link layer  Network layer  Transport layer  Session layer  Presentation layer  Application layer 
  • 6. PHYSICAL LAYER The physical layer is responsible for transmitting individual bits from one node to the next Functions of physical layer:  Physical characteristics of interfaces and media  Representation of bits  Data rate  Synchronization of bits
  • 7. PHYSICAL LAYER From data link layer To data link layer 101010000000101111001 101010000000101111001 Physical layer Physical layer Transmission medium
  • 8. DATA LINK LAYER The data link layer is responsible for transmitting frames from one node to the next FUNCTIONS OF DATA LINK LAYER:  Framing  Physical addressing  Flow control  Error control  Access control
  • 9. DATA LINK LAYER From network layer To network layer frame T2 frame Data Data link layer To physical layer H2 T2 Data link layer Data From physical layer H2
  • 10. NETWORK LAYER The network layer is responsible for the delivery of packets from the original source to the final destination FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK LAYER:  Logical addressing  Routing
  • 11. NETWORK LAYER From transport layer Data packet H3 Network layer To data link layer To transport layer packet Data H3 Network layer From data link layer
  • 12. TRANSPORT LAYER The transport layer is responsible for delivery of a message from one process to another(process-to-process delivery) FUNCTIONS OF TRANSPORT LAYER:  Port addressing  Segmentation and reassembly  Connection control  Flow control  Error control
  • 13. TRANSPORT LAYER From session layer To session layer segments Data H4 Data H4 Data H4 Transport layer To network layer segments Data H4 Data H4 Data H4 Transport layer From network layer
  • 14. SESSION LAYER The session layer is the network dialog controller. It establishes, maintains,and synchronizes the interaction between communicating systems FUNCTIONS OF SESSION LAYER:  Dialog control  synchronization
  • 15. SESSION LAYER From presentation layer To presentation layer L6 data L6 data Session layer Session layer H5 syn syn L5 data To transport layer syn H5 syn syn syn L5 data From transport layer
  • 16. PRESENTATION LAYER The presentation layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between two systems FUNCTONS OF PRESENTATION LAYER:  Translation  Encryption  Compression
  • 17. PRESENTATION LAYER From application layer To application layer L7 data L7 data Presentation layer Encoded ,encrypted H6 & compressed data Presentation layer Decoded ,decrypted H6 & decompressed data L6 data To session layer L6 data From session layer
  • 18. APPLICATION LAYER The application layer enables the user,whether human or software, to access the network. It provides user interfaces and support for services. FUNCTIONS OF APPLICATION LAYER:  Network virtual terminal  File transfer,access,and management(FTAM)  Mail services  Directory services
  • 19. APPLICATION LAYER User Application X.500 FTAM X.400 layer L7 data To presentation layer User Application layer X.500 FTAM X.400 L7 data From presentation layer