Oxalate_poisoning.pptx pharmacology study pdf

Oxalate_poisoning.pptx pharmacology study pdf

• 1.
  Oxalate poisoning
• 2.
  SoP 1. Plants richin oxalate. +t as Ca, Na/K oxalate. • Atriplex • Beta vulgaris(beet root) • Calandrinia • Grasses • Oxalis • Trianthema 2. Ingestion of hay/straw infected with fungi (Aspergillus) increases oxalate content.
• 3.
  FAT • Species- Monogastrics moresusceptible than ruminants. Ruminants produce more Ca.oxalate in rumen which is insoluble. • Intake- High intake- acute signs. Low intake-indigestion.
• 4.
  MoA • I. Lowlevel of intake- causes change in pH leading to ruminal dysfunction & indigestion. • II. High level of intake- • GIT- oxalate combines c Ca & Mg oxalate which is insoluble and accumulates in rumen wall (rumenitis) and kidneys. Na & K oxalate soluble –absorbed. Fate of oxalates in rumen- 1.oxalates degraded by rumen bacteria into carbonate and bicarbonate- alkalosis. 2. Forms insoluble salts. 3. Forms soluble salts.
• 5.
  •Soluble oxalate- •1. Blood-Cachelated by oxalate.-hypocalcemia Decreased neurotransmitter release defective coagulation lysis of RBC 2. Kidney-injury of tubular epithelial cells. 3. CNS- crystallises in CNS-derangement of nervous function-paralysis.
• 6.
  Acute • Salivation, • Progressiveweakness • Dyspnoea • Dilation of pupils • Twitching • Tetany of muscles • Convulsions Hypocalcemic signs • Death • Renal tubular necrosis-vomiting, azotemia, oliguria, hyperkalemia & cardiac failure.
• 7.
  Sub acute • Stiffgait • Frequent attempts to urinate • Recumbency • Urine- red-brown in colour. •Chronic poisoning • Renal damage-uremia-death.
• 8.
  Lesions • Oedema &haemorrhage of rumen wall. • Ascites & swollen kidneys. • Oxalate crystals seen macroscopically in kidney. • Dark red-purple lungs filled with blood.
• 9.
  Dx • H/o feedingmoldy fodder & plants • Oxalate in fodder • Urinalysis for oxalate crystals- • Monohydrate –needle shaped within 7hrs. after ingestion. • Dihydrate-envelope shaped within 5 hrs. after ingestion. • Test- 1ml rumen/stomach contents + 0.2ml NH4OH conc. • Apply heat • + 40mg. of thiobarbituric acid crystals • Development of orange colour +ve for oxalates. • Confirm by its solubility in ethanol.
• 10.
  Rx 1. CBG 25%solution SC IV 300-500ml in early stages. 2. Lime water/Dicalcium PO4 thru’ feed/ water. 3. Water ad lib. 4. Antifungal drugs in case of fungal infestation of the fodder. 5. Ca & Mg citrates decrease absorption of oxalate from the intestine.