Pakistan is located in South Asia, bordering India, Afghanistan, Iran and China. It has a diverse geography that includes the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges in the north and the Indus River plain in the east, which has supported major civilizations. Pakistan has a varied climate influenced by western disturbances in the winter and monsoons in the summer. It has significant natural resources including water from the Indus River system and its tributaries, extensive natural gas and petroleum reserves, coal fields, and hydropower potential. Forests cover only 4% of the land but provide important resources. Pakistan also has deposits of minerals including salt, limestone, copper and gold.