Downloaded 79 times
![STEPS IN PARAPHRASING
1.Introduce the source in a signal phrase. Here is a
common formula you can use: In "[name of article],"
[author] writes… [State the main point of the text
first.]
2. It should be about the same length as the original
source.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paraphrasing-170903115211/75/Paraphrasing-Quoting-and-Summarizing-6-2048.jpg)
![Miele (1993) found the following:
The “placebo effect,” which had been verified
in previous studies, disappeared when
behaviors were studied in this manner.
Furthermore, the behaviors were never
exhibited again even when reel [sic] drugs were
administered. Earlier studies were clearly
premature in attributing the results to a
placebo effect. (p. 276)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paraphrasing-170903115211/75/Paraphrasing-Quoting-and-Summarizing-15-2048.jpg)
More Related Content
Similar to Paraphrasing, Quoting and Summarizing
Paraphrasing, Quoting and Summarizing
- 1. JOHN FLORENTINO E.ECHON
- 2. Learning how to paraphraseyour sources properly will help you avoid "accidental" plagiarism.
- 3. What is aparaphrase? Paraphrasing is following the author's original presentation of ideas, but restating those ideas in your own words.
- 4. • you wantto express the author's idea but not necessarily the author’s language; support your ideas. When is a paraphrase useful?
- 6. STEPS IN PARAPHRASING 1.Introducethe source in a signal phrase. Here is a common formula you can use: In "[name of article]," [author] writes… [State the main point of the text first.] 2. It should be about the same length as the original source.
- 7. 3. Compare yourversion to the original. Make sure that you used your own words and sentence structure. 4. Remember that if you used any key words or phrases, enclose them in quotation marks. 5. Include a parenthetical citation.
- 9. APA style, developedby the American Psychological Association, is used in the fields of psychology, education, communication studies, business and some pure sciences.
- 10. Direct Quotations A directquotation reproduces the words of another writer verbatim and is displayed in quotation marks (if the quotation is fewer than 40 words) or as a block quotation (if the quotation is 40 words or more)
- 11. A quotation isa word-for-word repetition of written or spoken language. When you include a direct quotation in a paper, include the author, date, and page number on which the quotation can be found (or other location information) in the citation.
- 12. How to CiteDirect Quotations All of the following citations of a direct quote are in correct APA Style, citing the author, year, and page number. Examples 1. According to Palladino and Wade (2010), “a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (p. 147). 2. In 2010, Palladino and Wade noted that “a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (p. 147).
- 13. 3. In fact,“a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (Palladino & Wade, 2010, p. 147). 4. “A flexible mind is a healthy mind,” according to Palladino and Wade’s (2010, p. 147) longitudinal study. 5. Palladino and Wade’s (2010) results indicate that “a flexible mind is a healthy mind” (p. 147).
- 14. LONG QUOTATIONS If thesource you are quoting is 40 or more words, start it on a new line and indent the entire quote about a half inch from the margin (same position as a new paragraph). Double space and do not use quotation marks. Note different position of period.
- 15. Miele (1993) foundthe following: The “placebo effect,” which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner. Furthermore, the behaviors were never exhibited again even when reel [sic] drugs were administered. Earlier studies were clearly premature in attributing the results to a placebo effect. (p. 276)
- 16. What if thereis no page number? Some sources such as websites may not have page numbers. APA encourages you to put as much information as possible for the reader. You may put the paragraph number or the title of a heading and paragraph number under that heading. Remember you only need a page number for direct quotations, not paraphrased or summarized information.
- 17. Basu and Jones(2007) went so far as to suggest the need for a new “intellectual framework in which to consider the nature and form of regulation in cyberspace” (para. 4). In their study, Verbunt, Pernot, and Smeets (2008) found that “the level of perceived disability in patient. . . physical condition” (Discussion section, para. 1).
- 18. Secondary Sources When referringto another work mentioned in the source you are reading, give the author’s name of the original source in your text. Cite the secondary source in the parentheses using the words, “as cited in.” Include the secondary source in the references, but not the original work.
- 19. Hawkins was thefirst to study the long term effects of abuse (as cited in Caruso et al., 2003). Hawkins’ study found “no evidence of mistreatment” (as cited in Caruso et al., 2003, p. 49).
- 20. Signal Verbs The listof signal verbs below will help you integrate others’ ideas into your sentences. acknowledges concludes emphasizes replies advises concurs expresses reports allows reveals responds interprets agrees confirms criticizes answers declares objects says believes disagrees offers suggests lists writes charges discusses opposes thinks claims disputes remarks
- 21. The cross-pollination andfusion of musical genres over the last 2 decades has exposed children to a diversity of musical styles (Viglione, 2010). Technology has also made possible the distribution and sharing of music in exciting new ways (Viglione, 2010). Music is shared through social media sites, analyzed and tailored for the individual listener via sites like Pandora, and simply given away by musicians on their websites (Viglione, 2010). As a result, in the future, children will likely develop eclectic musical tastes early and expect a diversity of musical styles at younger and younger ages (Viglione, 2010).
- 22. SUMMARIZING Summarizing involves puttingthe main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.