parasitic infection- filariasis /elephantiasis.pptx

parasitic infection- filariasis /elephantiasis.pptx

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  FILARIASIS Dr. Sshrutkirti Gupta
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  OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION Introduction  Epidemiology  Morphology  Mode of transmission  Life cycle  Pathogenesis  Signs and symptoms  Laboratory diagnosis  Prevention and Control  Pictures
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  INTRODUCTION  Filariasis isthe pathological condition caused by infection of filarial nematodes transmitted by different vectors.  Infection occurs in blood vessels, lymphatic system , connective tissues and serous cavities of man.  Disease of tropical warm lands.  Caused by different worms and are characterized by different clinical features.
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  EPIDEMIOLOGY  Lymphatic filariasisis caused by infection with nematodes of the family Filarioidea: 90% of infections are caused byWuchereria bancrofti and most of the remainder by Brugia malayi.  Humans are the exclusive host of infection with W. bancrofti. Although certain strains of B. malayi can also infect some animal species (felines and monkeys), the life cycle in these animals generally remains epidemiologically distinct from that in humans.  The major vectors of W. bancrofti are mosquitoes of the genus Culex (in urban and semi-urban areas), Anopheles (in rural areas of Africa and elsewhere) and Aedes(in islands of the Pacific).
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   The parasitesof B. malayi are transmitted by various species of the genusMansonia; in some areas, anopheline mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting infection. Brugian parasites are confined to areas of east and south Asia, notably India, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. 
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  MORPHOLOGY Wuchereria bancrofti  Adultworm are long hair like transparent nematodes, filariform in shape with tapering ends.  Male measures 2.5 to 4 cm in length by 0.1 mm in thickness and female measures 8 to 10 cm in length and 0.3 mm in thickness.  Tail end of male worm is curved ventrally while that of female worm is narrow and abruptly pointed.
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  Brugia malayi  Theadult females of B malayi resembles to W. bancrofti but the adult males differ . Brugia timori  Similar to B. malayi . Loa loa  The male measures 3 cm in length and 0.35 mm in breadth . The female measures 6 cm in length by 0.5 mm in breadth.
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  MODE OF TRANSMISSION Transmitted by vectors  Bancroftian filariasis is transmitted by Culex, Aedes and Anopheles mosquito.  Malayan filariasis is transmitted by Anopheles and Mansonia spp.  Loiasis is transmitted by Tabonid or horse fly of Chrysops spp.  When the vectors suck blood from infected person, the microfilariae reaches the of vector , which then enters the thorax where by development of larvae takes place. Infective larvae enters the mouth parts and are shed on the skin of healthy human host when the vectors takes blood meal.
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  LIFE CYCLE Life cycleof Wuchereria bancrofti
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  Life cycle ofLoa loa
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  LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS  Samplesincludes : Peripheral blood , Chylous urine, Exudate of lymph varix, Hydrocele fluid,Lymph node biopsy, skin specimen  Microscopic examination : It deals with the detection of microfilariae.  Macroscopic examination : detection of adult worm ( lypmh node biopsy )  Haematological examination : eosoinophilic count is done.  Serological test : Complement fixation test is performed.  Intradermal test : immediate hypersensitivity test. Filarial antigen is injected on skin. After 30 minutes a weal over 2 cm appears.
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  PREVENTION AND CONTROL Prevention:  Destruction of breeding sites of vectors.  Using bed nets while sleeping.  Applying repellant creams on skin. Control  Treatment : diethylcarbamazine against filarial worms. Paramethyl phenyl stibonate against infective larvae. Arsenical preparation against adult worm.  Correction of lymphatic defect through surgery.  Surveillance of disease in endemic areas.
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  PICTURES
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