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Part 1 Nationalism in India.pptx 190121
The document discusses the growth of nationalism in India and the non-cooperation movement led by Mahatma Gandhi. It provides details on: - How the First World War and the oppressive policies of the British helped foster nationalism in India. - Gandhi's introduction of satyagraha (non-violent resistance) and his early movements in Champaran, Kheda, and among mill workers in Ahmedabad. - The Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre which angered Indians and led Gandhi to launch the non-cooperation movement to achieve swaraj (self-rule). - The movement gained mass support through the participation of
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The concept of nationalism in India is defined as a feeling of unity among its people.
The First World War in 1914 led to economic challenges in India, increasing taxes and food shortages, fueling nationalist sentiments.
Gandhiji's return in 1915 marked the introduction of Satyagraha, a non-violent resistance method aimed at fighting injustice.
Gandhiji organized three key Satyagraha movements: Champaran (1916), Kheda (1917), and Mill Workers Movement (1918) focusing on labor rights.
The Rowlatt Act allowed imprisonment without trial, provoking widespread non-violent protests that resulted in the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
The massacre on April 13, 1919, resulted from a protest against arrests, and led to significant violence and repression by the British.
Gandhiji launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in response to national discontent, including the Khilafat Movement among Muslims.
The movement involved renouncing titles, resigning jobs, boycotting elections, and became a mass initiative led by various social classes.
Urban participation included educated classes boycotting institutions, yet the movement slowed down due to economic challenges and lack of alternatives.
The peasant movement in Awadh led by Baba Ramchandra focused on landlord exploitation, while tribal movements under Sitaram Raju emphasized rights over forests.
Gandhiji withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement after violence and admitted the significance of mass participation for various social groups.
Swaraj symbolized different aspirations: self-rule for Congress, lower taxes for peasants, and rights for tribal communities.
Late 1920s brought economic depression, leading to discontent with the Simon Commission's exclusion of Indians and calls for Swaraj.
The Lahore Congress declared Poorna Swaraj as its goal and initiated the Civil Disobedience Movement and annual Independence Day.
Gandhiji initiated the movement with the Dandi March, breaking the salt law, and widespread civil disobedience followed.
Key differences highlighted participation patterns and goals of the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements, showing evolving resistance.Various groups joined the movement: wealthy peasants, industrial classes, and women, each with unique motivations and contributions to the struggle.
Rich peasants initially joined for reduced revenues but withdrew later. Poorer peasants pursued alternative radical movements.
Business classes sought economic independence; women played significant roles, yet traditional roles persisted and political authority issues remained.
