Part 2

Part 2

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  Struggle & Survivalin Colonial America Part 2 Edited by David G. Sweet and Gary B. Nash Presentation by: Rachelle AlcantaraHistory 140
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  EnricoMartinesEnrico Martinez wasborn around 1557.
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  He was bornin Hambury, but moved to Sevil, he spent most of his life in Spain.
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  When he landedin Veracruz, when he was in his early 30’s.
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  He was aEuropean, male.
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  His non- Spanishorigins, European travel, and scientific knowledge helped him become established in Mexico city.
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  He attained agihg reputation as a scientist and a public official.
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  He had tofind a way to make a living without sacrificing his intellectual interest.
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  As a personof special training, it made him valuable to the government.
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  Enrico had todetermine his personal objectives.
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  He wanted tofind the truth about the natural phenomena that interested him, he felt a sense of public responsibility.
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  His energy andintellectual curiosity led him to challenge several important facets of colonial society.Miguel Hernandez Miguel Hernandez lived during the 16th century, lived in Mexico city, and moved to Queretaro Mexico, and he was a Mulato.
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  He was aMexican man.
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  He’s known forhis literacy, did some work as a mulato.
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  Became more familiarwith the complexity of trade, and developing personal and financial associations with the people of wealth.
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  Built his ownfreighting business.
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  He became ofleading mulatto citizens.
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  Miguel Hernandez carefullysidestepped many of the traps that ensnared other mulattoes and blacks in this society.
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  He was ableto overcome the stigma of his color.
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  Miguel earned mostof his income from hauling wool to the southern markets of Mexico city, Texcoc, and Tlaxca.
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  Miguel was anaggressive and enterprising man, not afraid of taking risks.
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  Miguel Hernandez neverreached the top, but he did learn enough to buy valuable property in the town.
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  He used hiswealth to buy a black slave, many of Miguel’s relationships crossed racial and social boundaries.
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  He worked thecultural bridge without anxiety or doubt.
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  Miguel had createda life of meaning that was respected by his family and friends.Francisca Francisca was born between 1700’s and 1705She lived in the city of Belern do Para near the mouth of the Amazon River.She was Indian and female.Francisca petitioned the Portuguese colonial authorities for her freedom. (she was an Indian slave)She claimed to have been illegally enslaved in the back country.She assemble many witnesses to prove this contention at the hearing before the chief justice of the colony. The justice found in her favor; but the case was appealed. In her favor; it was un successful, and Francisca was obligated to remain a slave.But this was an exceptional case at law.
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  Catarina de MonteSinay: Nun and EntrepreneurCatarina had a long life in the convent, but she also had immense wealth. She gave all of her wealth’s credit to God’s will. She dedicated her life to being a “bride of Christ.” She had been raised to become a nun. Life in the nunnery held few mysteries for Catarina, but she enjoyed the convent lifestyle. It was where she felt most comfortable. Bahia-where she lived- had maintained a high position as the world’s leading sugar producer. Catarina’s childhood coincided with the beginnings of Bahia’s depression in 16670’s Catarina didn’t feel the need to preoccupy herself with concerns of money or business affairs. She looked up to Madre Victoria daEncarnacao, and found her example awesome and inspiring. She maintained a simple and unaffected stly of life, considering the wealth she has accumulated. Catarina did not indulge herself in vanities such as possessions. She had a talent for making money, and her fortune grew over the years because of different enterprises. What kept Catarina most occupied through the years was her business of preparing and selling sweets. She spent an insane amount of money on charity and donations, and took pride in the fact that her contributions were both functional and decorative. Her life question that would only be answered once she saw God himself, was : “ Could a nun who had been a businesswoman and a moneylender expect to be rewarded with salvation?” She died on August 1758.
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  Damiana de cunha:Catechist and SertanistaDamiana de Cunha was an Indian heroine of Goiasentered the historical record in 1780 when she was baptized and given the Christian name of Damiana de Cunha in honor of her godfather. She was a hostage in the governor’s household in a new village in Maria Primera. She served as s symbol of the good intentions for the Caiapo. Caiapo-those who fought the invaders of Goias. There were originally troublemakers and attacked travelers and hampered communications. They refused to make peace, or settle alongside any other nations. It wasn’t until the arrival of Governor Luis de Cunha Menezesin 1778 that the Caiapo allowed themselves to be pacified and a friendly relationship between the people of Vila Boa and the Caiapo was confirmed by the baptism of 113 Caiapo children. There is not a lot known about Damiana, but what is know is that she received remarkable training for a non white woman on the Colonial Brazilian frontier. - in the 1820’s she impressed foreign travelers with her intelligence and piety. She married twice, was once left a widower. Her second marriage, she married a poor mulatto peasant named Manuel Pereira da Cruz. She lived in the late colonial aldeiaand it was there that she distinguished herself as a leader. She was a loyal supporter of the church and interpreter of its teachings Died in 1831.