Passive Architecture Case Examples

Passive Architecture Case Examples

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  Punjab Energy DevelopmentAgency (PEDA), Chandigarh is a State Nodal Agency responsible for development of new & renewable energy and non- conventional energy in the state of Punjab. PEDA – Solar Passive Complex, Chandigarh is a unique and successful modal of Energy Efficient Solar Building, designed on Solar Passive Architecture with the partial financial support of Ministry of Non- Conventional Energy Sources, (MNES) Govt. of India and Department of Science, Technology, Environment and Non-Conventional Energy, Govt. of Punjab. It is setup at Plot No. 1-2, Sector 33-D, Chandigarh on a plot size 1.49 acre (268ft. X 243 ft) allotted by Chandigarh Administration, U.T., Chandigarh with a total covered area 68,224 Sq. Ft. including 23,200 Sq. Ft. basement. It is the centre of Excellence for Solar Buildings, minimizing conventional lighting load in the office building, efficient movement of natural air, light vaults, Wind tower coupled with solar chimney, BIPV, water bodies, designed landscape horticulture and energy conservation activities. PEDA – Solar Passive Complex Punjab Energy Development Agency, Chandigarh SALIENT DESIGN FEATURES OF SOLAR PASSIVE COMPLEX PLAN OF PEDA – Solar Passive Complex Orientation: Solar Passive Complex has been developed In response to solar geometry i.e. minimizing solar heat gain in cold period. The building envelope attenuates the outside ambient conditions and the large volume of air is naturally conditioned by controlling solar access in response to the climatic swings Unique Floating Slab System: The system of floating and overlapping slab with interpenetrating vertical cutouts allow free and quick movement of natural air reducing any suffocating effect. Cavity Walls: The complex is a single envelope made up of its outer walls as double skin walls having 2” cavity in between. The cavity walls facing south and west are filled with further insulation material for efficient thermal effect. Light Vaults: The vertical cutouts in the floating slabs are integrated with light vaults and solar activated naturally ventilating, domical structures in the south to admit day light without glare and heat. Unique Shell Roofing on Central Atrium : The Central atrium of the complex having main entrance, reception, water bodies, cafeteria and sitting place for visitors constructed with hyperbolic shell roof to admit daylight without glare and heat coupled with defused lighting through glass to glass solar panels. The roof is supported with very light weight space frame structure. PEDA – Solar Passive Complex heralds the beginning of the energy efficiency movement in the non-domestic buildings such as offices, educational institutions and factories. The building has the following salient design features: Solar Power Plant: 25Kwp building integrated solar photovoltaic power plant has been set up to meet the basic requirement of electricity in the complex. Water Bodies: The water bodies with waterfalls and fountains have been placed in the central atrium of the complex for cooling of whole the complex in the hot and dry period. Landscape Horticulture: The space around the building inside and outside of boundary wall and a big lawn in the south has been designed with trees, shrubs and grass. The big trees along the boundary wall acts as a curtain to minimize air pollution, sound pollution and filter/cool the entry of air. Wind Tower coupled with Solar Chimneys: The wind tower centrally placed coupled with solar chimneys on the domical structures for scientific direct & indirect cooling and scientific drafting of used air. Auditorium: A unique auditorium scientifically designed to control heat penetration, light & sound distribution is placed in the north under the shade of main building. Aims & Objectives: •To demonstrate the Solar Passive Architecture concepts. •To educate Architects, Engineers & Builders for replication of concepts. • To make awareness among general public, Teachers, Students of school and colleges. •A tourist place for educational tour of professional institutions in the field of Architecture / Engineering. •To demonstrate the use of Solar devices/equipments. Benefits: •90% reduction in lighting consumption •50% saving in overall energy consumption •Considerable reduction in recurring expenditure •Clean and pollution free environment •Considerable thermal comfort •High Productivity SECTIONAL PRESPECTIVE ROOFING DETAILS AUDITORIUM WIND TOWER LIGHT VAULTS SHELL ROOFS DAMINI SACHDEVA - 024 HARPREET KAUR - 034 HIMANSHI GUPTA - 124 PRANEET R.M. SINGH - 067 SHAIFALI GARG - 086 5th SEMESTER B
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  SECTION OF THEBUILDING WITH HEAT COLLECTOR WALL HIGHLIGHTING FLOW OF HEATED AIR THROUGH THE BUILDING DAMINI SACHDEVA - 024 HARPREET KAUR - 034 HIMANSHI GUPTA - 124 PRANEET R.M. SINGH - 067 SHAIFALI GARG - 086 5th SEMESTER B Himachal Pradesh State Co-operative Bank Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. Ar. Ashok B Lall Himachal Pradesh State Co-operative Bank located on Mall Road, Shimla is a multi storey RCC structure located in Shimla. Oriented at 10 degree west of south the building has a long narrow profile in plan. The narrow south face has access to light and air from the adjacent lane while the east face has no access to light and air as it abuts another building. Year of start/completion is 1995–1998. Built-up area being 1650 m² (about 35% is heated by solar air heating system) and the Total area of solar air heating panels 38 m². Cost of entire system Rs 1.1 million (includes AHU, electrical back-up, blower, ducting controls) Since Shimla experiences good sunshine during winters and plenty of sun falls on the facade of the building , a considerable amount of solar heat could be collected from this facade. The bulk of energy consumption of the building was on two fronts, one for lighting the deeper parts of the building and the other for heating the building during winters. Brief specifications The external walls are 23-cm thick masonry construction with 5-cm thick glass wool insulation. The windows are double glazed and the total area is about 155 m². The roofing is made of corrugated galvanized iron sheeting. Total building cost Rs 22 million (including solar passive and active features). ROOF TOP DETAILS FOR SOLAR COLLECTOR(PLAN AND SECTION) ENERGY SAVING STRATEGIES OF CO-OPERATIVE BANK Design Temperature: The design temperature was taken to be 18 degree Celsius for winters, considering that it is customary to be warmly dressed while working. Limiting Conditioning to Workspaces: It was decided that passages, stairs, toilets, lobbies and stores need not be conditioned. Only occupied workspaces are to be conditioned. Sunspaces: The balconies adjacent to rooms on the southern face are converted into glazed sunspaces. These act as winter gardens and heat collectors for the adjacent room thereby reducing glare, enhancing views, increasing comfort, and also livening up the main façade. Heat Collector Wall: The remaining south facing surface was designed as a heat collecting wall by placing a continuous glass façade on the outer face of the building. The wall is to be clad with dark colored slate and ceramic mural, which would be visible. The mural would get lit at night as an advertisement of the blank. The heated air from the surface of the wall is drawn out at the top of the staircase tower. The cool air from the main banking hall gets heated through the convection by the wall. Roof Collector: A roof top solar collector has been installed. This has been angled at 45 degrees to receive the winter sun. the collector warms up air, which is circulated into the space with a blower. An insulated air handling room is located below the attic space. Details for Roof Heating Panels: An electric back-up heating system is linked with the solar passive heating system. This electric bank is thermostatically controlled and switches on progressively on demand-during mornings and prolonged cloudy weather. The system is switched on at 9.00 a.m., electric back-up covers till about 11.00 a.m. when solar heating takes over. The system is designed for 10% fresh air supply, return air goes back to solar air panels, and supplies hot air to 3 halls. Fenestration: Double glazing and tight fitting open able panels for windows have been installed for circulation and infiltration control. On the top floor the north and west walls and the ceilings are insulated. Day Lighting and Artificial Illumination: Two light wells against east side of the building were suggested at strategic locations for the dual purpose of ensuring sufficient daylight into the banking hall and main office floor, and return air ducting. However, these wells were not provided due to high priority accorded to floor space utilization. The artificial electric light system have been planned in a manner such that the lights could be switched on as a supplement to the available daylight . This arrangement would not incur any extra cost. Design features: •Sunspaces on the southern side. •Solar wall on the southern side. •Specially designed solar air heating system – solar heat collector on Roof-top with duct system for supply to various rooms. •Double-glazed windows. •Air-lock lobby at the main entrance. SECTION PLAN
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  CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE Studyingthe Climatic Conditions of both the Regions Punjab Energy Development Agency, Chandigarh The office complex is located in Chandigarh on a practically square site that lies on flat land with no major topographical variations. the city of Chandigarh lies in the plains at the foot of the 'Lower Himalayas', within a Composite climate context'. Chandigarh experiences wide climatic swings over the year, i.e. very hot and dry period of almost two and a half months(max. DBT 44OC) and quite cold period of a shorter duration(min. DBT 3OC). The hot dry period is followed by a hot humid - monsoon period of about two months with intervening periods of milder climate. The demand on building design, therefore, is to respond to the extremes eliminate heat gain in hot-dry period, maximize ventilation in hot humid period from zones/areas designed as heat sinks and maximize heat gain in cold period. Equally important, for Chandigarh is the context in space and time. Chandigarh, a bold experiment in city planning and architecture, was based on the professed ethos of design: build with climate. Within the context of the radical experiment that is Chandigarh, the PEDA building has been designed with an ethos: design with nature. The physical context although unique in itself- that is urbanity of Chandigarh- offers yet another challenge for design. The three dimensional form of the building has been developed in response to solar geometry, i.e. minimizing solar heat gain in hot-dry period and maximizing solar heat gain in cold period, the scale and form of the building responds to its urban context as well. SOUTH ELEVATION INTERIOR VIEW OF THE INNOVATIVE LIGHT VAULTS To achieve a climate responsive building , an innovative concept in architectural design has been developed. In place of the central loaded corridor plan stacked on each other. The PEDA building is a series of overlapping floors at different levels in space floating in the large volume of air, with interpenetrating large vertical cut-outs. These cutouts are integrated with light wells and solar activated naturally ventilating, domical structures. This creates the area to be highly ventilated and eliminates heat gain in summers. WIND TOWER Himachal Pradesh State Co-operative Bank, Shimla Site microclimatic analysis: •The building is not overshadowed by its surrounding buildings. However its orientation and well designed façade help to minimize the overheating during summer. •Wind direction generally lies along the NE-SW Axis. The prevailing direction is NORTH-EAST due to proximity to Himalayan range towards N-E. wind direction has been taken into consideration while designing the wind tower and building openings for uniform air movement. •The solar radiation has been taken into consideration by strategic positioning and orientation of each element of every façade of the building block for whole year. This building is a ground and three-storeyed structure with its longer axis facing the east-west direction. The smaller northern wall faces the prevailing winter winds from the north-eastern direction. The building shares a common east wall with an adjoining structure. Its west façade overlooks a small street from which the building draws its main requirements of ventilation and day lighting. Energy conscious features: •South-facing Trombe wall and sunspace heats up the interior •South-facing solar collectors on the roof provide warm air, which is circulated by means of ducts •North face is protected by a cavity wall that insulates the building from prevailing winter winds •Western wall is provided with insulation as well as double glazing •Day lighting is enhanced by providing light shelves. Skylight on the terrace also provides day lighting •Air lock lobbies are provided to reduce air exchange Building’s plan and Direction: The buildings in the cold and mountainous region have a compact plan and texture. The building formation should be in a way that reduces the contact surface with outer chill so that less heat may transfer from inside to outside. So the shapes such as cube or cubic rectangle are used to reduce the outer surface of building in relation to its inner volume and keep it in possible minimum. Building’s Openings: Small openings in low numbers are used to prevent the thermal exchange between outside and inside of the building in these regions. If the windows are large, it’s necessary to apply a shade. The openings used in the south side are larger and longer to take maximum advantage of sunshine. Also it should be prevented from settling the openings in the direction of cold winds. Double walled windows are also proper to minimize the thermal exchange. Meanwhile, the rate of internal air exchange and natural ventilation should be minimized as much as possible to prevent from breeze in the building and inner heat exit to out. In comparison with warm and dry regions, the dimensions of openings in this region are increased to make use of heat energy of sunshine. Building’s Wall: High thickness of walls, in turn, also prevents heat exchange between inner area of building and outer environment. The standards of architecture in cold and mountainous regions are nearly similar to those of warm and dry regions; and the only difference is in heat producing sources. In warm and dry regions this source is from out of building but in cold region is from inside. In these regions the wall thickness should be increased by constructional materials so that this wall may act as heat saving resource for internal area of the building. The thick walls save the heat of daily sunshine during the night and help in warming the inner space. Building Materials: The materials used in traditional buildings in cold and mountainous regions, like in other regions, are from the available materials there. These materials should have a good thermal capacity and resistance to keep the building warmth in its inner area. So the body of these buildings is from stone (or wood, cob mortar, adobe and bricks) and the roofing is from timber and cob. Stone and heavy resistant materials are used for building foundation, and in some parts the heavy materials are used for base course to prevent moisture. DAMINI SACHDEVA - 024 HARPREET KAUR - 034 HIMANSHI GUPTA - 124 PRANEET R.M. SINGH - 067 SHAIFALI GARG - 086 5th SEMESTER B