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Passive solar design intro1.ppt RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
- 1. What is PassiveSolar Design ? â˘Climate Sensitive Architecture â˘Not Active design â devoid of mechanical inputs â˘A Key paradigm of Environmental Design DEFINITION Collection, storage, distribution and control of energy flow by natural processes of heat and mass transfer
- 2. PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTALDESIGN Equilibrium Conservation Aesthetics
- 3. Defining Principles OfEnvironmental Design Through A RAIN FOREST
- 4. ďThe Amazon basin,the largest rainforest in the world, covers less than 4% of the land surface and is home to more than half of the 30 million species existing on the planet. ďMosses, lichens, algae, plants, animals, birds, reptiles, insects, microorganism⌠live by the mantra of cooperation not competition (as in the human world) ďAlone each is a life form. Together they form a unique ecosystem. Equilibrium: ď Each species is unique. Their diversity is expressed through the principle of Equilibrium.
- 5. âAll life isantientropicâ â Buckminster Fuller ďA rainforest has almost no resources. The soil is thin. There are few nutrients. It consumes almost nothing. Conservation: ďThe most important asset of the rainforest lies in itâs design. This design is based on making the best from the least - Conservation. ďWaste is food. Design is capital. There is affluence without effluence
- 6. ďThe sound ofmeandering streams combined with the melodious songs of birds and the hum of insects, all in harmony, is in itself a unique creation. Aesthetics: ďRainforest gives expression to intangibles; it arouses our senses in a pleasing manner. ďA Rainforest defines Aesthetics.
- 7. EQUILIBRIUM: Climate Orientation Light & Ventilation Geological& Geographic siting Buildings in Equilibrium Pollution, Emissions & Toxicity Psychological aspects
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- 10. A few Paradigmsof Environmental Design
- 11. Conservation of energyis key to repairing the damage to our environment
- 12. Architectural design muststrive to be less entropic
- 13. Use of ecologicalmaterials
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- 20. Energy Efficiency inBuildings â˘Bio-climatic Architectural Principles â Responsiveness to climate of the particular location â˘Use of materials with low embodied energy â˘Reduction of transportation energy â local sourcing â˘Incorporation of Efficient Structural design â space planning â˘Implementation of energy efficient building systems â utilities, equipments, fixtures â˘Effective utilization of renewable energy sources to power the building
- 21. â˘Maximize thermal Comfort PassiveSolar Design - Objectives â˘Minimize Consumption of fossil fuels â˘Minimum Impact on the Environment
- 22. â˘Thermal comfort Passive SolarDesign - Objectives â˘Shading â˘Day-lighting
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- 25. Analysis techniques â˘Sun dialor sunpath diagram - shading â˘Solar radiation â external heat gain â˘Wind rose & wind square - ventilation ⢠Climate response matrix â sun and wind ⢠Bio-climatic chart ⢠Occupancy ⢠Lux levels ⢠Internal heat gain
- 26. Design Elements â˘Landscaping âlandform, topography, orientation of slope, vegetation, microflora/ groundcover â˘Building form: surface area to volume ratio ⢠Location of water bodies ⢠Orientation â climate, neighborhood, city ⢠Building Envelope â Roof, walls, fenestration & shading (glazing systems, shading devices, overhangs/ louvres), finishes (internal & external), internal layout and furniture
- 27. Design Strategies â˘Passive heating â˘Directgain ⢠Daylighting â˘Indirect gain â˘Trombe wall â˘Water wall â˘Roof based water heating system â˘Sunspaces â˘Passive cooling â˘Ventilation â˘Wind tower â˘Courtyard â˘Earth air tunnels â˘Evaporative cooling â˘Passive down drought cooling
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- 29. Settlements in Khabaand Jaisalmer are protected by the fort and built on the leeward side of the hill
- 31. Stone paved homes andstreets densely built with a variety of interaction places such as the Bazaar complement the arid climate of Jodhpur.
- 32. Closely built houses in Jaiselmer provide securityand shelter from the vagaries of climate.
- 33. Mediterranean Climate Thermal Massis provided by burying the building in the ground so that the earth acts as a temperature balance.
- 34. Marine West CoastalClimate Farmhouse are lime-washed and thatched with straw; the only materials that are readily available, they form the walls of both house and enclosures.
- 35. Mountains In the mountains,buildings may be dug into the ground, hugging it for protectionâŚ..
- 36. Mountains âŚ. Or raisedupto minimized humidity.
- 37. Tundra / Taiga Lightweight adaptable, the frame of the yurt is covered with woolen felt or reed mats. Space inside the yurt is strictly divided into quadrants.
- 38. Polar Climate The Igloois a building for survival rather than comfort.
- 40. CII -Godrej GreenBusiness Centre
- 41. Building design ď Orientation ďBuilding insulation (walls of AEC block and roof with over deck insulation and roof lawn) ď Window sizing ď Window shading(fixed overhangs) ď Glass selection(with low thermal conductivity, low shading co-efficient and high light transmission) Envelope efficiency measures contributed to 12% savings over base case
- 42. Daylight harvesting Daylight harvestingin CII-Godrej Green business centre building reduced 50% lighting energy consumption CII-Godrej Green business centre, Hyderabad
- 43. A contemporary commercial buildingin Mumbai ⢠Large glass façade without protection from rains and sunshine. ⢠Air-conditioned and artificial lit ⢠Manifold increase in consumption of energy e.g. Similar building pays Rs. 15 lacs as energy bill per month
- 44. A fairly largemulti-storey commercial building in Mumbai ⢠Approximately 70,000 sq. ft floor area ⢠South wall fully glazed ⢠Fully air-conditioned and artificially lit ⢠Indoor temperature maintained at about 24 deg.C.
- 45. Break-up of annualcooling loads ⢠Maximum load due to occupants and lighting ⢠Load through glazing is significant f loads through various building components on an annual basis Window 24% Infiltration 4% Walls and Roof 5% Lights & Occupants 67%
- 46. Energy conservation ⢠Reduceglass area because significant heat gain due to glazing ⢠Increase set-point temperature for cooling comfort by 1 deg. C Parameter basecase glazing area reduced by 65% setpoint increased by 1 deg.C Total 6.41E+09 5.99E+09 5.96E+09 % saving 6.7 7.1 Annual Cooling Load (kJ / h)
- 47. Such techniques leadto significant reduction in energy consumption ⢠Free of cost, if implemented at design stage ⢠Energy savings of up to 10% ⢠If day lighting is also considered, significant savings can be achieved.
- 48. Cheaspeake Bay MerrilLynch Center
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- 50. Takoma Village co-housing SanFrancisco Bay Conservation Center Berkeley Village Homes Architectâs office
- 51. âcivilization did notleave stone age because we ran out of stones. Progress past the stone age was possible when better tools were invented that were made of bronze alloysâ - Roy McCalister
- 52. Some Definitions â˘Conduction: Transferof heat from one material to another by direct means â˘Convection: Transfer of heat by movement of water or air â˘Radiation: Transfer of heat directly through air â˘Solar Heat gain coefficient/ Solar factor: The fraction of solar radiation admitted through a fenestration, both directly transmitted and absorbed and subsequently released inward. The lower a fenestrationâs solar factor, the less solar heat it admits â˘U value: Measured in Watt per sq. m degree Celsius, it is a measure of the rate of non-solar heat loss or gain through a material or assembly. The lower a fenestrationâs U value, the less non-solar heat it transmits