PE MODULE 1jxisisoizjsjsixisixosiis.pptx

CONCEPTS AND THEORIES
OF BUISNESS ETHICS
Prepared by
Prof.Dipika Shah

What Is Ethics ?
 Ethics is the branch of philosophy concerned with
what is morally right and wrong. It involves the study
of moral principles that govern a person's behavior or
the conducting of an activity. Ethics addresses
questions about morality and examines how
individuals should act in various situations.
 Professional ethics are the principles, standards,
and codes of conduct that govern behavior within a
profession. These rules—often codified into official
ethical codes—guide how professionals use specialized
knowledge and interact with clients, colleagues, and
the public

 Personal ethics refer to an individual's own principles
regarding right and wrong. These are internal guidelines
shaped by personal beliefs, cultural background, upbringing,
and life experiences. Personal ethics influence daily decision-
making and behavior, both personally and professionally.
 Business ethics involves applying ethical principles to
business situations. It encompasses the moral standards and
values that guide behavior in the world of commerce,
influencing decisions related to corporate governance, insider
trading, bribery, discrimination, and corporate social
responsibility. Business ethics goes beyond legal requirements,
aiming to foster trust and integrity in business practices.

1. Respect for Human Dignity, Human Rights & Social Justice
 Treat every person with respect and value their dignity.
 Support human rights and promote fairness in society.
 Oppose actions that lead to injustice or inequality.
2. Fairness
 Make decisions impartially and without favoritism.
 Give everyone equal opportunity and treatment.
 Avoid bias and discrimination.
3. Transparency
 Be open and honest in communication.
 Share information clearly and truthfully.
 Don’t hide important facts or deceive others.

4. Honesty
 Always tell the truth and be sincere.
 Avoid lies, cheating, or misleading behavior.
 Be trustworthy in your actions and words.
5. Non-Discrimination
 Treat all people equally regardless of race, gender, religion, etc.
 Avoid any behavior or policies that unfairly treat people
differently.
 Promote inclusiveness and diversity.
6. Accountability & Responsibility
 Take responsibility for your actions and decisions.
 Admit mistakes and correct them.
 Be answerable to others for your behavior, especially when in
positions of trust.

ETIQYETTE AND PROFESSIONAL CODES
 Etiquette Refers To Good Manners Essential For
Individuals To Earn Respect And Appreciation In
The Society.
 Employer Etiquette Refers To Code Of Conduct
Necessary For Employer To Follow In Order To
Set An Example For Employees

Basic Work Ethic for an Organization
14
Uniform rules and regulations.
Communication of the rules and regulation
to all employees.
Allow a degree of freedom to employees.
Clear and uniform holiday schedule
Avoid being partial towards anyone.
Motivate your employees.
Be realistic.
Make your self available to your employees.

How to develop strong work ethic
15
Step 1: Be professional about your work
 Reliability and honesty:
✅ Reliability means:
Being dependable and trustworthy
Doing what you promised, on time and with quality
Others can count on you consistently
Example:
If you say you will finish a project by Friday — and you do — you show
reliability.
✅ Honesty means:
Always telling the truth
Being transparent and fair
Not cheating, lying, or hiding facts
Example:
Admitting you made a mistake instead of blaming someone else shows
honesty.

“Deliver best outputs” means:
✅ Doing your work with high quality, care, and effort
✅ Making sure the final result meets or exceeds expectations
✅ Using your skills, creativity, and resources to produce the best possible outcome
 Example:
If you have to prepare a class presentation, you:
Research well
Use clear visuals
Practice speaking clearly
All this ensures your presentation is your best output.
 Be consistent in delivering good quality work and earn a good
reputation means:
✅ Always do your work well, not just once in a while
✅ Put steady effort and care into everything you do
✅ When people see you regularly producing good work, they start to trust and respect you
✅ Over time, this builds your positive image and reputation at school, college, or workplace
 Real-life example:
A student who always submits neat, well-researched assignments on time becomes
known as sincere and reliable among teachers and classmates.

Step 2: Manage your time

Know your strength and weaknesses
✅ Understand what you are good at (your strengths) — e.g.,
creativity, communication, problem-solving.
✅ Recognize areas where you need improvement (your
weaknesses) — e.g., time management, public speaking, technical
skills.
 Why it’s important:
 Helps you use your strengths confidently
 Lets you work on your weaknesses to grow
 Makes you more self-aware and balanced
 Example:
A student who knows they’re good at explaining ideas but struggles
with organizing notes can plan to help classmates in group
discussions while also spending extra time making clear notes.

“Set yourself deadlines for delivering even small tasks” means:
 ✅ Fix a clear time or date to finish every task, big or small
✅ It helps you stay organized, avoid procrastination, and keep
steady progress
✅ Makes work feel more manageable and keeps you motivated
 Example:
Instead of saying “I’ll do my notes soon,” decide: “I will finish these
notes by 6 PM today.”
Even small targets like “reply to emails by noon” make a big
difference!
Prioritize tasks:
 ✅ Decide which tasks are most important or urgent and do
those first.
✅ Helps you manage time better, reduce stress, and focus on what
truly matters.
 Example:
If you have to study for an exam tomorrow and also clean your
room, you study first because it’s more urgent.

Avoid procrastination:
 ✅ Don’t keep delaying or putting off tasks you need to do
✅ Start your work on time, even if it’s small steps
✅ Helps you finish tasks calmly, avoid last-minute stress, and do
better quality work
 Example:
Instead of waiting till the night before to study for an exam, start
preparing a few days earlier.
Avoid negative talk and gossip:
 ✅ Don’t speak badly about others behind their backs
✅ Stay away from spreading rumors or negative conversations
✅ Focus on positive, constructive talk that builds trust and respect
 Example:
If classmates start criticizing someone who isn’t present, choose
not to join in — or change the topic to something kind or useful.

Step 3: Keep a balance and deliver consistent
high performance work
20
✅ Balance your time and energy between study, work, and rest so you don’t
get stressed or burned out
✅ Consistently do your tasks carefully and well, not just once in a while
✅ Aim for steady, reliable quality instead of rushing or doing only
occasional excellent work
Example:
A student has project work, regular classes, and wants to join a sports club.
Instead of doing only the project and ignoring classes (or only playing
sports and neglecting studies), the student:
Makes a timetable to study daily,
Spends time on the project little by little each week, and
Keeps some time for sports and rest.
By balancing all three, the student avoids last-minute stress and regularly
performs well in studies, project work, and stays healthy through sports.

Step 4: Develop good work habits
✅ Build daily routines and behaviors that help you
work better and smarter
✅ These habits make it easier to stay organized,
focused, and productive
 Examples of good work habits:
✨ Starting tasks on time rather than waiting till
the last minute
✨ Making a to-do list every morning
✨ Keeping your study/work space tidy
✨ Checking your work carefully before submitting
✨ Taking short breaks to avoid burnout

Elements of a strong work ethic
22
⚫Honesty & Integrity
⚫Alertness
⚫Openness
⚫Respect for others
⚫Reliability and Dependability
⚫Determination & Dedication
⚫Accountability & Responsibility
⚫Confidentiality
⚫Initiative

Characteristics of Moral Standards
1. Universality
They apply to everyone in similar situations, regardless of culture,
religion, or personal interest.
 “Stealing is wrong” applies whether you live in India, Japan, or Brazil.
It doesn’t matter who is stealing; the principle remains the same.
2. Normative
They guide our behavior by telling us what we ought to do and what we
ought not to do.
 You find a lost wallet. Moral standards tell you ought to return it to its
owner, even if you could keep the money without getting caught.
3. Supremacy or Priority
They usually take precedence over other kinds of standards (like social
conventions or laws) when there is a conflict.
 Your friend asks you to lie to the police to save them from a fine
(social loyalty vs. honesty). Moral standards say you should tell the
truth, even if it harms your friend.

4. Concern for the well-being of others
They are mainly focused on protecting and promoting human welfare and the rights of
others.
• Donating to charity, helping a stranger in need, or giving your seat to an elderly
person — all show care for others’ welfare.
5. Impartiality
They demand that we treat similar cases alike and avoid unfair bias in judging people’s
actions.
 If you’re a teacher, giving equal marks for the same answer, whether it’s written by
your favorite student or someone you don’t like
6. Special emotions and conscience
Violating moral standards often leads to feelings of guilt, shame, or remorse, and
following them brings pride and a sense of integrity.
 You feel guilty after telling a lie, or you feel proud when you stand up for what is
right, even if it was difficult.
7. Dependence on reason
They are usually based on rational reflection and reasons rather than on mere customs,
habits, or authority.
 before judging whether an action is wrong (like breaking a rule), you consider the
reasons: Was it an emergency? Did it harm anyone? Moral standards involve
thoughtful reasoning, not blind following.

Religion And Morality
 🌱 🌱 Religion
 Religion is a system of beliefs, practices, and values often
centered around faith in a higher power (like God or gods).
 It usually includes rituals, traditions, sacred texts, and moral
teachings that guide how people should live.
 Examples: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism, etc.
 Religion is a system of beliefs, practices, and values often
centered around faith in a higher power (like God or gods).
 It usually includes rituals, traditions, sacred texts, and moral
teachings that guide how people should live.
 Examples: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism, etc.

🌿 Morality
 Morality is about knowing what is right and wrong and
acting accordingly.
 It is based on principles, values, and conscience that guide
our daily choices and behavior.
 Examples: honesty, kindness, fairness, respect, responsibility.
🔗 Relationship between religion and morality
 Many religions teach moral values (like compassion,
truthfulness, respect for others) and encourage followers to
live by them.
 Religion can inspire and strengthen moral behavior by
connecting it to spiritual beliefs and the idea of
reward/punishment in this life or afterlife.
 But morality can also exist outside of religion: even people
who are not religious can live morally by following universal
ethical principles.

ETIQYETTE AND PROFESSIONAL CODES
🌱 Etiquette
 Etiquette means:
✅ Accepted social rules or polite behavior in different
situations
✅ Helps people show respect, build good relationships, and
create a pleasant environment
 Examples:
 Saying “please” and “thank you”
 Waiting for your turn to speak in a meeting
 Dressing appropriately at work or events
 Greeting people politely
 Etiquette can change from one culture or workplace to another,
but its goal is always to show respect and professionalism.

🌿 Professional Codes (Professional Codes of Conduct / Ethics)
 Professional codes are:
✅ Written guidelines or rules created by professional bodies
(like medical councils, engineering associations, etc.)
✅ Explain what is considered right and wrong in the
profession
✅ Help professionals act ethically, protect the public, and
maintain the profession’s reputation
 Examples:
 A doctor must keep patient information confidential (medical
ethics code)
 An engineer must not sign off on unsafe designs (engineering
ethics code)
 A teacher must treat all students fairly without discrimination
 These codes are usually formal and documented, unlike
etiquette, which is more about general polite behavior.

1. Social Etiquette
Polite behavior in everyday social life.
Examples:
 Saying “please” and “thank you”
 Greeting people properly
 Not interrupting when someone else is speaking
2. Professional Etiquette (Business Etiquette)
Polite and respectful behavior expected in the workplace or
professional settings.
Examples:
 Being punctual for meetings
 Dressing according to the office dress code
 Writing clear, respectful emails
🌿 Types of Etiquette

3. Dining Etiquette (Table Manners)
 Rules about eating politely, especially in formal
situations.
Examples:
 Chewing with your mouth closed
 Using cutlery properly
 Waiting for everyone to be served before starting
4. Telephone Etiquette
 Politeness and clarity while speaking on the phone.
Examples:
 Answering with a polite greeting
 Speaking clearly and calmly
 Not interrupting the caller

5. Netiquette (Internet Etiquette)
 Polite and respectful behavior while using email,
social media, or chatting online.
Examples:
 Avoiding typing in ALL CAPS (it looks like shouting)
 Responding to messages politely
 Not sharing fake news or hurtful comments
6. Corporate Etiquette
 Behavior specific to corporate or business
environments, which helps maintain professionalism.
Examples:
 Respecting other people's time and work
 Using proper titles and language in meetings
 Keeping personal phone use minimal during office
hours

PE MODULE 1jxisisoizjsjsixisixosiis.pptx

PE MODULE 1jxisisoizjsjsixisixosiis.pptx

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