pearlmilleT CROP FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY.ppt

pearlmilleT CROP FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY.ppt

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  PEARL MILLET/ PEARL MILLET/Bajra (Pennisetumglaucum Pennisetum glaucum) )
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   Millets aresmall - seeded, annual, cereals belonging to grass family.  They are rainfed, hardy grains which have low requirements of water and fertility when compared to other popular cereals.  Most of millet crops are native of India and are popularly known as NUTRICEREALS as they provide most of the nutrients required for normal functioning of human body.  Millets are classified into Major Millets and Minor Millets based on their grain size.
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  Pearl millet cropin desert type of environment INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
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   Pearl Milletis adapted to warm and dry climate but the greatest area of the crop is cultivated in drought-prone areas of the world.  In these areas, pearl millet is usually grown with limited inputs in conditions of sparse rainfall and low soil fertility correspondingly poor yields. Pearl millet crop with low/no inputs INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
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   Pearl Milletis a principal source of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals for millions of the poorest people in the regions where it is cultivated.  Pearl millet grains are all very high in calories - precisely the reason they do wonders for growing children and pregnant women.  High in energy, fiber, and micronutrients like iron and zinc.  Gluten-free, making it suitable for individuals with gluten intolerance.  Contains antioxidants and is beneficial for managing diabetes and heart health.  High protein content (11-15%), minerals (2-3%), fat (4-8%), carbohydrate (67%)  Energy level of 361 kcal is the highest among grain cereals. NUTRITIONAL ASPECT NUTRITIONAL ASPECT
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  Pearl Millet istraditionally used for food products like roti (flat bread), bhakri (stiff roti), and porridge or gruel. Roti (flat bread) making Pearl Millet porridge Pearl Millet flour mixed with wheat flour is used for making baking products like breads, cakes, muffins, cookies, and biscuits. Making of cookies Pearl Millet cookies Plum Cake Staple food Staple food
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   In additionto grain and forage uses, pearl millet crop residues and green plants also provide sources of animal feed, building material, and fuel for cooking, particularly in dry land areas. Good forage crop Good forage crop Forage Pearl Millet Pearl millet crop residue used as fodder
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  Pearl Millet grainas poultry feed  Utilization of grain as feed for the milch animals or poultry is not significant (7%) in India compared to sorghum (almost 50% of total output).  Pearl Millet grain is used as poultry feed in the Americas, China and Australia. Good Poultry feed Good Poultry feed
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  ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION ORIGINAND DISTRIBUTION  Based on morphological diversity of the crop, it has been concluded that pearlimillet is native of Africa  There has been a great controversy over the specified region of Africa and the time period in which domestication took place.  Vavilov (1950) placed pearlmillet in the Ethiopian center of domestication, while Murdock (1959) placed its domestication by Mande people around Niger river. Still others placed its domestication in Sudan, Senegal and highlands of Sahara.  On global basis, pearlmillet is grown between 15°W and 90°E longitude and 5°S to 40°N latitude. It is primarily confined to drier continents consisting of southern Asia (mainly India), west, north and centralAfrica.
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  Climate Climate  It isshort day warm weather annual crop  More drought resistant than sorghum  For vegetative growth moist weather & medium RF is sufficient  Crop performs best under light shower followed by bright sunshine  Temp - 28 to 32º C is optimum for vegetative growth  Higher temp at this stage induces early flowering  Annual Rainfall - 400 - 750mm  Rainfall during flowering & grain formation - poor grain setting  Rain at grain maturity - ergot disease due to high humidity & low temp
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   Can growon a wide range of soil from sandy soil to black Can grow on a wide range of soil from sandy soil to black cotton soil. cotton soil.  Heavy soils are not suitable for pearl millet cultivation. Heavy soils are not suitable for pearl millet cultivation.  Loamy soils to loams are ideal. Loamy soils to loams are ideal.  Crop performs fairly well on poor soil where other crops Crop performs fairly well on poor soil where other crops cannot grow. cannot grow. Soil Soil
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   Weed freefield for sowing  A good crop cover by adopting right spacing between rows and within the row will smother the weed growth. For this adopt the recommended spacing  Mulching the soil surface in between rows with crop residue material like straw etc. - prevent the germination of weed seeds and at the same time smothers the established young weeds Mulching with straw Cultural practices Weed-free field for sowing
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  Nutrient management Nutrient management General recommendation of General recommendation of NPK 40-60 kg N + 30-40 kg NPK 40-60 kg N + 30-40 kg P O + 30-40 kg K O/ ha ₂ ₅ ₂ P O + 30-40 kg K O/ ha ₂ ₅ ₂  N may be applied at basal, one at thinning, rest at ear N may be applied at basal, one at thinning, rest at ear formation stage, subjected to moisture availability formation stage, subjected to moisture availability  Micro - nutrients Micro - nutrients  ZnSO₄ ZnSO₄ 25 kg/ ha 25 kg/ ha  FYM 5t/ ha FYM 5t/ ha  Bio-fertilizers seed and main field application Bio-fertilizers seed and main field application  Seed inoculation with Seed inoculation with Azospirillum / Azotobacter Azospirillum / Azotobacter saves 10-20 kg N/ha. saves 10-20 kg N/ha.  Compared to sorghum and maize N & P removal is Compared to sorghum and maize N & P removal is less but K is high less but K is high
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  Thin stems, heavypanicles, and profuse tillering may result in lodging of the plants. The seeds in the panicles of lodged plants germinate in the moist field and thus affect grain yield and quality. Hence, the plants are tied together to keep the plants standing. Tying of plants
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