Pediatric seminar (Kernicterus).pptx.......

Pediatric seminar (Kernicterus).pptx.......

• 1.
  Technical College ofHealth / Shekhan Department of Nursing 3rd year – 2nd course Subject: pediatric Prepared by: hmad saadwn Supervised by : Dr.Muhammed hayde Kernicterus
• 2.
  Kernicterus, or bilirubinencephalopathy, is bilirubin-induced neurological damage, which is most commonly seen in infants. It occurs when the unconjugated bilirubin (indirect bilirubin) levels cross 25 mg/dL in the blood from any event leading to decreased elimination and increased production of bilirubin.
• 3.
  Term Weighing lessthan 1000 g Sepsis, Meningitis, Hemolysis, Asphyxia, Hypothermia, Hypoglycemia, Prematurity. unconjugated bilirubin >25 mg/dL unconjugated bilirubin >10 mg/dL unconjugated bilirubin >20 mg/dL When does kernicterus occur?
• 4.
  Etiology 1-Polycythemia. 2-Hemolysis. 3-Hypoalbuminemia. 4-Obstruction in theBiliary System. 5-Breast Milk Jaundice.
• 5.
  Kernicterus risk factors 1-Interm infants are (hemolysis, jaundice noted within 24 hours of birth) 2-Were born prematurely. 3-Don’t feed well. 4-Have a parent or sibling who had jaundice as an infant. 5-Were born to a mother with type O or Rh-negative blood type.
• 6.
  Clinical manifestations 1-Lethargy, hypotonia. 2-High-pitchedcrying. 3-Decreased appetite. 4-Floppy or limp body. 5-Missing reflexes.
• 7.
  Treatment / Management 1-Phototherapy. 2-Bloodexchange transfusion.
• 8.
  Complications of kernicterus 1-Cerebral palsy, 2- Lack of muscle tone. 3- Trouble coordinating movement. 4- Hearing loss and deafness. 5- Difficulty speaking. 6- Intellectual disability.
• 10.
  References  Raines DA,Krawiec C, Jain S. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing; Treasure Island (FL): Jan 2, 2023. Cephalohematoma.  Cichoz-Lach H, Celiński K, Słomka M. Congenital nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemias. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med. 2004;59(1):449-52.  Leung AK, Sauve RS. Breastfeeding and breast milk jaundice. J R Soc Health. 1989 Dec;109(6):213-7.  Bhutani VK, Johnson L. Kernicterus in the 21st century: frequently asked questions. J Perinatol. 2009 Feb;29 Suppl 1:S20-4.  Odutolu Y, Emmerson AJ. Low bilirubin kernicterus with sepsis and hypoalbuminaemia. BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Apr 23;2013.  Watchko JF. Kernicterus and the molecular mechanisms of bilirubin-induced CNS injury in newborns. Neuromolecular Med. 2006;8(4):513-29.