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PELVIS.pptx
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- 3. INTRODUCTION • The termpelvis is loosely used to describe the region where the trunk and lower limbs meet. • The word pelvis means “basin” and is more correctly applied to the skeleton of the region, that is, the pelvic girdle or bony pelvis. • Thus, the pelvis is a bowl-shaped bony structure. • it contains, supports, and protects the lower parts of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts and the male and female internal organs of reproduction.
- 4. • It alsocontains important nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissues and provides attachment for trunk, lower limb and muscles.
- 5. Four bones makeup the bony pelvis: • The two hip bones, which form the lateral and anterior walls. • The sacrum. • The coccyx, which are part of the vertebral column and form the posterior wall. The two hip bones articulate with each other anteriorly at the symphysis pubis and posteriorly with the sacrum at the sacroillac Joints. The bony pelvis thus forms a strong basin-shaped structure.
- 7. PELVIS • The pelvicbrim divides the pelvis Into two parts. • The pelvic brim is formed by the sacral promontory (anterior and upper margin of the first sacral vertebra) behind, the iliopectineal lines (lines that run downward and forward around the Inner surface of the Ileum) laterally, and the symphysis pubis (joint between the bodies of the pubic bones) anteriorly.
- 8. • The falsepelvis, which bounds the lower part of the abdominal cavity, is above the brim. • The true pelvis, which contains the pelvic cavity, is below the brim.
- 10. True Pelvis The anatomyof the true pelvis in females is important for obstetrics because it forms the bony canal through which the child passes during birth. The true pelvis in both sexes has an inlet, an outlet, and a cavity. Pelvic lnlet (pelvic brim): its boundaries are the Sacral promontory posteriorly. The illopectineal lines laterally. The symphysls pubis anteriorly.
- 11. Pelvic outlet Its boundariesare: The coccyx posteriorly The ischial tuberosities laterally The pubic arch anteriory.
- 13. • The pelvicoutlet has three wide notches. • The pubic arch lies anteriorly, between the ischiopubic rami. • The sciatic notches lie laterally and are divided into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments
- 15. Pelvic cavity: this short,curved canal, with a shallow anterior wall and a much deeper posterior wall, lies between the inlet and the outlet.
- 16. WALLS OF PELVIS Bonesand ligaments that are partly lined with muscles covered with fascia and parietal peritoneum form the walls of the pelvis. The pelvis has: • Anterior wall • Posterior wall • Lateral walls • Inferior wall or Floor
- 17. Anterior Wall The anteriorpelvic wall is the shallowest wall and is formed by • The bodies of the pubic bones. • The pubic rami. • The symphysis pubis.
- 20. Posterior Pelvic Wall Theposterior pelvic wall is extensive and is formed by • The sacrum • Coccyx • Piriformis muscles and their covering of parietal pelvic fascia
- 22. Piriormis Muscle The piriformismuscle arises from the front of the sacrum and leaves the pelvis to enter the gluteal region by passing laterally through the greater sciatic foramen
- 24. Lateral Pelvic Wall Thelateral pelvic wall is formed by: • Part of the hip bone below the pelvic Inlet. • The obturator membrane. • The sacrotuberous ligament. • The sacrospinous ligament. • The obturator intenus muscle and its covering fascia.
- 26. Sacrotuberous Ligament The sacrotuberousligament is strong and extends from the lateral part of the sacrum and coccyx and the posterior inferior iliac spine to the ischial tuberosity.
- 28. Sacrospinous Ligament • Thesacrospinous ligament is strong and triangle shaped. • It is attached by its base to the lateral part of the sacrum and coccyx and by its apex to the spine of the ischium. • The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments prevent the lower end of the sacrum and the coccyx from being rotated upward at the sacroiliac joint by the weight of the body. • The two ligaments also convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into the greater and laser sciatic foramina.
- 30. Inferior Pelvic Wallor Pelvic Floor The floor of the pelvis supports the pelvic viscera and is formed by the pelvic diaphragm and associated fascia.