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Peripheral neuropathy Anatomy, Physiology and Diseases
1. Peripheral neuropathies can involve sensory nerves, motor nerves, or both and may affect a single nerve, multiple contiguous nerves, or multiple non-contiguous nerves. 2. Common causes of peripheral neuropathy include diabetes, paraproteinemia, alcohol misuse, renal failure, and HIV infection. 3. Mononeuropathy involves a single nerve and implies a local compressive, traumatic, or vascular process. Mononeuropathy multiplex damages multiple non-contiguous nerves simultaneously through ischemia or microangiopathy. 4. Polyneuropathy presents as symmetrical distal sensory and motor deficits in a stocking-glove pattern and can be caused by diabetes, alcoholism, and vitamin B12 deficiency.
